Carrera de Alimentos

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Actualización del Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufacturas (BPM) para la empresa INDUNEVALL de la parroquia Totoras - cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Zavala Salazar, Joselyn Valeria; Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes
This final curricular integration report was focused on the development of a Manual of Good Manufacturing Practices in order to implement it and achieve GMP certification for the INDUNEVALL company located in the Totoras town, Ambato city, which is dedicated to the elaboration and commercialization of chochos and mote pasteurized with salt. The initial diagnosis of the company was done through the verification guidance FI-B.5.1.3-ALI-02-02. Well proportioned by the ARCSA which is part of 212 items with 3 levels of evaluation each one. According to this, it was obtained that the company in its current conditions presents 58.02 percent of breach; 33.49 percent of compliance and 8.49 percent of a parameters not applicable to the Company’s activities. The Standardized Operating and Sanitation Procedures were developed based on the nonconformities detected and the requirements established in ARCSA resolution 067 and contains programs, registers and corrective actions, these procedures will allow maintaining adequate hygienic conditions throughout the production process and guarantee the quality and safety of the products. The action plan as the same as the schedule have been prepared with a clear projection to overcoming the nonconformities in an appropriate period of time and according to the resources that the Company has available. All of this is with the purpose to obtain the BPM certificate.
Análisis comparativo nutricional del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y mora (Rubus ulmifolius) de origen orgánico y agroquímico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Camino Torres, Mary Joseph; Franco Crespo, Christian David
In the present study, a segment of the agri-food sector is analyzed from the comparison of products that are classified as organic vegetables and those of conventional origin. For this reason, it is important to raise awareness of the availability of healthy and wholesome foods that are currently gaining greater support from the population. The investigation worked with two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius) products, to which physical-chemical and proximal analyzes were carried out in order to analyze the differences that exist in the nutritional quality of a product of organic origin and a conventional product where agrochemicals are used. It is important to mention that organic products suffer from pest stress, which is why they activate defense mechanisms to increase vitamin levels; In the case of conventional products, this does not happen because when applying chemical substances, they help to eliminate existing pests. The results showed that organic products have different nutritional characteristics than conventional products. However, these differences do not show statistical significance. In addition, it was shown that organic products have higher levels of lycopene because the skin of food is richer in pigments, this carotenoid is more concentrated in the skin of organic fruits. Organic blackberries contain higher values of vitamins, benefiting the health of those who consume them, since the opposite happens in conventional products, since the excessive use of agrochemicals is causing different types of diseases in people who have long-term problems.
Análisis de la actividad enzimática de la bromelina obtenida a partir de residuos agroindustriales de la piña (Ananas comosus)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09) Garcés Oñate, Tatiana Abigail; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
In the country, pineapple processing agro-industries, in addition to generating a variety of products, generate a large amount of waste, such as crowns, peels, and cores, which are not treated appropriately and can have a negative impact on the environment. However, they are unaware of the bioactive compounds that they contain, such as bromelain, which can be used. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the enzymatic activity of bromelain powder obtained from pineapple pulp (control sample), peel, and core. To obtain the enzyme, the liquid-liquid extraction method was used with 96 percent ethanol for precipitation. The extracts were then centrifuged, filtered, flash-frozen, and freeze-dried. Yields were calculated. The pulp had the highest yield (1.81 per cent). Protein content was quantified using the Kjeldahl method. The peel (7.34 per cent) had the highest percentage, in contrast to the heart (5.18 per cent). On the other hand, with the absorbance data obtained from the spectrophotometer, the enzyme activity was calculated after the reaction between the enzyme (bromelain) and the substrate (casein). The heart sample showed better total enzyme activity: 169, 74 micromol over minute per millilitre and specific activity of 0.000328 mol over minute per miligram in relation to the other samples. Finally, it was found that bromelain obtained from pineapple core residues could generate added value in future research by incorporating it into a food product, giving it functional characteristics owing to its proteolytic action.
Análisis de la afectación a la calidad de la alimentación de un grupo de familias en relación con su situación socioeconómica. Estudio de caso en la parroquia San Mateo, Esmeraldas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Montaño Vera, Aytana Maluve; Franco Crespo, Christian David
This investigation analyzes the socioeconomic factors that influence the quality of the diet of the inhabitants of San Mateo, Esmeraldas province. For this reason, the purpose of this investigation is to analyze the effect on the quality of the diet of a group of families in relation to their socioeconomic situation. For its determination, the 24-hour reminder survey method was applied to a sample of 65 respondents in November 2022. A categorization of the foods obtained in the interviews, a descriptive socioeconomic analysis and of the food groups, together with a one-factor ANOVA of the variables studied were carried out. It is concluded that since San Mateo is a rural area, there is little access to certain products of the basic food basket, which has a negative impact on the composition of the diet and the nutritional quality of the people; and the reason that there were no significant differences between employment status, housing regime, monthly income, is that the food is culturally established in the population. However, these are the main factors that influence the diet of families.
Análisis de la contaminación microbiológica por patógenos alimentarios en quesos frescos sin marca en los mercados de la zona urbana del cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09) Paucar Gualotuña, María Belén; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
The food pathogens Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli have been linked to foodborne diseases (FBD). The sources of contamination are mainly food handlers at different stages in the production process, food transportation, storage at the point of sale, cold chain failures and poor hygiene. For this research, 24 unbranded fresh cheeses were analyzed in the 8 markets of the urban area of Ambato. At three points in time, day 0, day 7 and day 15. The cheeses were stored refrigerated for 7 and 15 days. For the analysis of Salmonella spp., the methodology NTE INEN 1529-15 was used, this method consists of the application of the following stages: Pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, plate seeding and biochemical identification. On the other hand, for the identification of Escherichia coli, the AOAC 991.14 methodology was used, which consists of sowing by dilutions in petrifilm EC plates. The conclusion was that 25 percent of the markets met optimal storage conditions. On the other hand, none of the samples analyzed complied with the maximum permissible limit for Escherichia coli. However, those samples that had proper storage had no E. coli on day 0. On day 15, 50 percent of the markets had Escherichia coli. On the other hand, the Salmonella spp. analysis was negative in all 24 samples, complying with NTE INEN 1528:2012.
Análisis de la presencia de metales pesados en la concha negra (Anadara tuberculosa) expendida en los mercados de la ciudad de Ambato y su cumplimiento con los límites establecidos en la normativa alimentaria
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Gaibor Angulo, Marissa Antonella; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The determination of heavy metals in black shells (Anadara tuberculosa) makes them a very important marine resource in coastal ecosystems and for human consumption to assess environmental and health risks. Heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), can accumulate in the soft tissues of this species, because it has a filtering capacity since it is exposed to contaminated waters either by anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and industrial and urban discharges. For the analysis of heavy metals in black shells, it is necessary to collect samples in specific areas. It is vitally important to identify the areas of sale and origin of the product through informal interviews with the sellers. The samples must be prepared for the quantification of heavy metals using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. The results obtained after using the technique are compared with international and local regulations, such as those of the European Communities and the CODEX, with evidence that the limits of heavy metals obtained in the analysis are below the limits established by the regulations, however, the presence of these metals is not ruled out. The evaluation of the toxicological risk allows the identification and quantification of the dangers that are associated with chemical substances, evaluating their impact on human health and the environment by examining a danger in order to avoid or reduce it, where the samples analyzed are below the reference dose, showing that they do not represent a risk to health.
Análisis de los concentrados proteicos de la Hormiga Santandereana (Atta laevigata)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Romero Ortiz, Edgar Gabriel; Vilcacundo Chamorro, Rubén Darío
The present research work focused on obtaining protein concentrates from the flour of Santanderean Ants (Atta laevigata), in order to evaluate the yield and quantity and profile of proteins present in them. The concentrates were obtained by means of isoelectric precipitation at pHs of solubilization of 10.0 and 12.0 and of precipitation of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0; achieving the highest percentage of yield and protein content through protein solubilization at pH 12.0 and subsequent precipitation of these at pH 5.0, with values of 31.10 and 71.29 porcent respectively. Protein concentrates were characterized by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under reducing (with β-ME) and non-reducing (without β-ME) conditions. The protein profile in both cases showed similar bands, evidencing the presence of fifteen types of proteins with molecular weights between 15.02 and 191.51 kDa.
Análisis de los procesos de producción de la microempresa de helados Melanic y su impacto en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del producto
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Nuñez Venegas, Carlos Enrique; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
This study evaluated the impact of hygienic-sanitary conditions on ice cream production at the Melanic microenterprise, in response to the growing concern about food poisoning in Ecuador. The evaluation was carried out through an analysis of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a flow chart of the production process and microbiological analyses of both the product and the areas in direct contact with the product, to establish the current situation of the microenterprise. The GMP compliance analysis was carried out using the ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG standard and the microbiological analyses with the NTE INEN 706:2013 standard. An action plan was developed to remedy the noncompliances, which included the proposal of a new process flow diagram and a plant layout scheme with acceptable conditions. In addition, a training plan was developed as part of the prevention plan. Fifty-two percent of the GMP requirements were not met, evidencing problems with cleaning, disinfection and temperature control. The detection of E. coli in the final product indicated contamination associated with inadequate hygienic practices and cross-contamination. A detailed action plan was developed so that the microenterprise can act as resources become available. A staff training plan was developed to address issues, correct deficiencies, and ensure food safety. The results of this study highlight the importance of implementing rigorous hygiene measures in food production and the need for continuous monitoring to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks.
Análisis de los procesos de producción de la microempresa de Productos Lácteos Carlosama PROLACAR y su influencia en la calidad higiénico – sanitarias de los productos elaborados
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Recalde Carlosama, Arantza Anahí; Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes
This study focused on analyzing the production processes of the Carlosama Dairy Products microenterprise (PROLACAR) and their influence on the hygienic-sanitary quality of the products. The evaluation was based on compliance with resolution ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the microbiological requirements for processed products. On-site visits revealed significant deficiencies in operational processes, with a compliance rate of 42.92 percent. Microbiological analyses showed non-compliance with the standard for fresh cheese, while semi-cured cheese did comply with the standard. To address these deficiencies, a corrective action plan was proposed to suggest improvements to rectify the nonconformities identified, with a budget of 15,715.00 dollars and two years for implementation. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs) were developed. A plant redesign was suggested to optimize the process flow and minimize contamination risks. In addition, a training plan was developed to strengthen personnel's knowledge of production processes and the proper handling of regulatory documentation. The implementation of these strategies increased compliance to 58.34 percent, reducing contamination risks and ensuring a high level of compliance.
Análisis de los procesos de producción de la microempresa El Enjambre y su impacto en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del producto
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Llumipanta Álvarez, Génesis Tatiana; Delgado Ramos, Andrea Verónica
Hygienic and sanitary conditions in the food industry refer to the practices and procedures designed to prevent contamination. These procedures enable microenterprises to expand their business porfolio and strengthen their reputation. The study analyzed the production processes of the microenterprise El Enjambre and its impact on the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the product. The current diagnosis of the microenterprise was carried out based on the ARCSA-016-2022-AKRG resolution, the process diagram, and the current design of the microenterprise. The findings showed a 43 percent compliance rate, 51 percent non-compliance, and 6 percent not applicable. Microbiological analysis was conducted on cheese samples, both living and inert surfaces, yielding positive results for Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The results highlight the lack of hygiene and sanitization within the production areas. With the collected information, an action plan was developed based on the cause-and-effect analysis of the Deming cycle. This plan aims to address non-conformities and propose corrective actions. Finally, a training plan was proposed, covering all topics essential for the microenterprise.
Análisis de los procesos de producción de la microempresa láctea Flor del Campo y su impacto en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del producto
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Caiza Lema, Daliana Lisbeth; Delgado Ramos, Andrea Verónica
This study focused on analyzing the production processes of the dairy microenterprise Flor del Campo and its impact on the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the final product to find significant deficiencies and propose recommendations and strategies to remedy these gaps. To achieve this purpose, an exhaustive evaluation of the current situation of the microenterprise was carried out from the production and processes areas and by carrying out a verification checklist based on the resolution ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG. Flowcharts were presented according to the currently used processes and a two-dimensional plan of the current distribution of the microenterprise. Consequently, after the diagnosis of the current situation of the plant, it was found that the compliance percentage was 41 percent, non-compliance 45 percent and non-applicable 14 percent. Microbiological analyses were performed for the final product and for living and inert surfaces to determine the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the facilities and products offered by the microenterprise. An improvement plan was developed based on cause-effect analysis, seeking to correct non-conformities, and proposing improvement actions. New flowcharts for the optimized process of cheese production and a new plan for relocation of areas are also proposed. Finally, a training plan was developed for staff that focused on Good Manufacturing Practices and personal hygiene, among others, to guarantee the quality and safety of processed foods for human consumption.
Análisis de los procesos de producción de yogur en la microempresa lácteos FLOR y su impacto en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del producto
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) De la Cruz Chamba, Jessica Maricela; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
This paper focuses on the analysis of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the dairy microenterprise Flor, located in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua, and its impact on yogurt production processes. The objective is to identify possible nonconformities to be corrected in the facilities and processes necessary to obtain, in the future, ensuring the sustainability of the quality and safety of the yogurt produced. Through an initial diagnosis based on resolution ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG, an efficient yogurt production line was identified, with low regulatory compliance of 44,3 percent, 44,1 percent non-compliance, and 11,6 percent non-applicability. The main deficiencies include the lack of a ventilation system and absence of documented procedures, which compromise quality assurance and product safety. Microbiological evaluation of the yogurt revealed an absence of pathogens; however, in the swabbing of the equipment, total coliforms were detected in the kettle, indicating problems of inadequate hygienic conditions and a potential risk of contamination. To correct the nonconformities found, an action plan was designed with an estimated investment of 7 195 dollars over one year for implementation. This plan includes improvements to the production lines, redesign of the plant, and development of Standard Operating and Sanitation Procedures.
Análisis del efecto prebiótico de una compota a base de manzana (Malus domestica) y zanahoria (Daucus carota)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Guachamin Lasluisa, Karen Evelyn; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Currently, gastrointestinal problems, mainly in infants, have increased owing to the low consumption of foods rich insoluble fiber. This deficiency can negatively affect the intestinal microbiota and contribute to the development of diseases, such as diarrhea and constipation. To address this problem, three compotes made with apple and carrot in different proportions were developed. The formulations were as follows: A, 50 percent apple and 50 percent carrot; B, 25 percent apple and 75 percent carrot; and C, 75 percent apple and 25 percent carrot. A study was carried out to determine which of these formulations had the greatest prebiotic effect, that is, the greatest capacity to promote the health of the intestinal microbiota. The samples were diluted in M9 mineral medium and Lactobacillus Salivarius was added as a probiotic to evaluate the effectiveness of each compound. In addition, the procedure was repeated using E. coli to determine the composition with the highest prebiotic effect. The results indicated that formulation A, with 50 percent apple and 50 percent carrot, had the greatest prebiotic effect. This combination is rich in soluble fiber, beneficial for digestive health and suitable for human consumption. Formulation A compote also stood out for its pleasant taste, aroma and texture, which makes it attractive to consumers and confirms the benefits expected from its regular consumption.
Análisis del estado de la composición en la dieta alimentaria de las familias de dos grupos de forma comparativa de los cantones Santa Lucia en la provincia del Guayas y Salcedo en la provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09) Ronquillo Arias, Angel Ruben; Franco Crespo, Christian David
Malnutrition represents a problem of great importance within the country, affecting the population in general. This issue poses a serious public health risk in Ecuador, leading the country to allocate significant resources to treat diet-related diseases instead of prioritizing preventive health measures. To address this situation, a research study focused on analyzing the composition of the dietary intake in two groups of households whose economic activity is agriculture, located in the main regions of agricultural production in the country. Comparative data was obtained through surveys and interviews based on the 24-hour dietary recall method. The aim was to determine the level of food access through the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and the consumption of macronutrients in the diet. Additionally, data on sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions, and food acquisition methods were collected to evaluate their influence on eating habits. The research findings revealed that, overall, households in both groups demonstrated a high level of dietary diversity (HDDS). However, significant differences were observed in the consumption of macronutrients, with the consumption of fats and carbohydrates being considerably higher compared to the Sierra group in both sample groups. This disparity is directly correlated to the geographic location of the households and their patterns of macronutrient consumption.
Análisis del sistema de producción de alimentos agroecológicos y su relación con la microbiota del suelo que benefician a la resiliencia climática
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Casalombo Lema, Roberto Martin; Franco Crespo, Christian David
Due to the increasing population over the years, it is of great importance to implement sustainable production systems within agricultural farms in order to guarantee consumer safety, as well as the balance within the soils or other living organisms that are part of the production system, considering that there are factors such as microorganisms that are part of the optimal growth of a plant. Píllaro canton is one of the cantons with a strong agroecological production in the country, it has associations of agricultural producers who, based on ancestral knowledge passed down from generation to generation, implement strategies that provide well-being for both food consumers and the soils they work on. This research project linked the importance of the presence of soil microorganisms in plant growth through their identification by means of shotgun metagenomic sequencing and from a bromatological analysis that allowed us to know the increase in factors such as humidity through the use of an infrared balance and nitrogen from the Dumas method. In this way, a positive soil-plant relationship was obtained because it was found from the presence of microorganisms and the bromatological analyzes the benefit of crops for the formation of resilience due to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and the generation of hormones that promote plant growth.
Aplicación de sensores electroquímicos como herramienta de apoyo al análisis sensorial de frutas, vegetales y hierbas medicinales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Faconda García, Lissette Salomé; Fuentes Pérez, Esteban Mauricio
This project focused on the search for electrochemical sensors that provide support for sensory analysis in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. In this research, a theoretical analysis of the published scientific studies was carried out about the foundation, operation and applications that have been developed according to the innovation of both the nose and the electronic tongue and the work in conjunction with the different types of sensors more used in each device, so that the analyzes of the organoleptic characteristics of this type of food are within the quality standards, which the use of these was based on preliminary studies with information published during the last 6 years, which is found available in the database offered by the Technical University of Ambato (ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct) and also the free access database (Scielo, Google academic). Therefore, the results of the research are represented by graphs and tables describing the sensory support that fruits and vegetables have using these devices and the use of classification methods, as well as the volatile and chemical compounds that are commonly found. in this type of food. In conclusion, the work allowed to know that within the agroindustry it is possible to apply the electronic nose and tongue, allowing to improve the quality of these foods, as well as the improvement of the response in comparison with panels of experts.
Aprovechamiento de fresa (Fragaria sp.) de calidad no comercial para el desarrollo de una lámina de fruta
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Lema Guanoluisa, Welington Michael; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Ecuador is recognized for its diverse fruit biodiversity and confronts the challenge of managing seasonal fruit overproduction. The issue of fruit waste in the supply and consumption chain has a significant socio-environmental impact that affects the population. This study focused on the revaluation of discarded fruit as an alternative to mitigate fruit waste. From this discarded material, sheets with excellent sensory and nutritional characteristics were obtained through convection drying at various temperatures. Through an analysis of variance, it was determined that the optimal combination of temperature and time for drying was 50 degrees Celsius for 8 hours. This innovative product demonstrates considerable potential for the food industry, offering a nutritious and sustainable alternative. The production of dehydrated strawberry slices from non-commercial fruits represents a viable solution to reduce food waste and generate added value. The production chain should scale up production and investigate novel applications for strawberry slices in the food industry.
Capacidad antioxidante del Kimchi elaborado en Ecuador a partir de Brassica oleracea var. capitata
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Castro Palacios, Juan Pablo; Vilcacundo Chamorro, Rubén Darío
Kimchi is a fermented food consumed in South Korea approximately 2,000 years ago. The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity (AC) of Kimchi made in Ecuador, before and after the fermentation process. A formulation was used with certain modifications in relation to other investigations, whose main ingredient was Brassica oleracea var. capitata with 78.73 percent. Two batches were prepared and left to ferment in the dark at an average temperature of 17 degrees Celsius for 9 days. The samples to be analyzed were taken every 3 days, previously lyophilized and crushed. The antioxidant capacity of Kimchi was determined using the ABTS methodology, obtaining a relatively high value on day 0 (19975.43 more less 1999.35 micromoles Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample), due to the presence of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties typical of the ingredients used. After nine days of fermentation the value increased (27393.71 more less 93.72 micromoles Trolox Equivalent per gram of dry sample),). In addition, it was found that the maximum value of antioxidant capacity was reached on the sixth day of treatment as there was no significant difference with the value found on the ninth day. The intervals of days 0-6, 0-9 and 3-9 presented statistically significant increases in CA, which were 31.22percent, 37.14 percent and 21.44percent, respectively.
Caracterización de las propiedades de pasta y contenido de arsénico en muestras de arroz fresco y envejecido provenientes de la Estación Experimental Litoral Sur del INIAP
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Sayay Rivera, Edison Sebastián; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
Rice, as a staple food for thousands of people around the world, plays a crucial role in the food security and socioeconomic development of many countries. In Ecuador, per capita consumption is between 43 and 50 kg. The quality of rice grains can be assessed by the amylose content in the starch, quantifying the behavior of the pastes when cooked. However, this grain can be contaminated by arsenic, which affects consumers. In the present study, the grade, class, level of insect infestation, humidity, and hectoliter weight were determined. The properties of the rice paste were evaluated using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) and their correlation with moisture. Finally, arsenic was quantified in fresh and aged paddy rice by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results obtained showed a grade 1 and class 2 for the fresh rice samples, while in aged rice, there was the presence of broken grains and husks, which decreased its quality. The moisture values complied with the INEN standard, being higher in fresh rice, but with a slight increase in oliter weight in aged rice. A better viscosity of the rice paste was observed in the aged sample GO - 04242. The determination of total arsenic in paddy rice showed values between 0.24 and 0.88 milligrams per kilogram, while in fresh and aged rice, it was not detected or was below the detection limits.
Caracterización de las propiedades fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y tecnológicas de la harina de cidrayota (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Garzón Tituaña, Evelyn Mishell; Delgado Ramos, Andrea Verónica
Ecuador, thanks to its diverse microclimates, is a producer of a wide variety of horticultural products, such as cidrayota. However, the lack of knowledge and information regarding this crop can be a problem in a country that faces food challenges and demands nutritious foods with unconventional raw materials. This study focused on characterizing the physicochemical, nutritional and technological properties of cidrayota (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) flour, obtained by drying at three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 degrees Celsius) for 24 hours. Physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, bulk density, color, and particle size were analyzed, as well as nutritional components such as moisture, fiber, fat, protein, ash, and carbohydrates, and technological values such as water and oil retention capacity, swelling capacity, foaming capacity, and starch and amylose content. The results obtained indicated that cidrayota flours have good protein content (8.18 to 13.60 percent) and fiber (6.75 to 10.05 percent) content and low-fat content (0.48 to 0.62 percent). H2 flour dried at 50 degrees Celsius was identified as the most effective treatment because of its average values in yield and nutritional components, in addition to its grain size, color, moisture, and especially its technological potential. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge of the properties and potential applications of cidrayota flour in the development of more nutritious and healthy foods.