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Diseño del Plan Tarifario para la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable de Chibuleo San Francisco, parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato, basado en el análisis hidráulico técnico y económico del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-18) Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas
This research was conducted at the Drinking Water Management Board of Chibuleo San Francisco, located in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Ambato canton. It arose from the need for a technically supported tariff scheme to guarantee the economic, operational, and technical sustainability of the water supply system. The general objective was to design a tariff plan based on the hydraulic, technical, and economic analysis of the system. The methodology combined field, descriptive, and analytical research through the collection of operational data, user surveys, consumption pattern analysis, infrastructure evaluation, water balance, determination of water losses, and the structuring of administrative, operational, and investment costs. The results showed an average water allowance of 83.02 L/hab/day, a maximum hourly variation coefficient of 1.96, and a daily variation coefficient of 1.31, identifying critical demand periods that condition network operations. Furthermore, a high service coverage was determined, with 95% of users receiving a permanent supply, and the need to strengthen loss control mechanisms and optimize the management of non-revenue water was identified. The economic analysis established the real costs of service provision and incorporated criteria of efficiency, solidarity, and cost recovery. The proposed tariff structure, organized by categories and consumption blocks, demonstrated financial viability, ensuring the coverage of administration, operation, maintenance, and investment costs. It was concluded that integrating the hydraulic diagnosis with the economic evaluation constitutes an effective tool to improve community drinking water management, promote the efficient use of the resource, and ensure system sustainability, while also serving as a replicable methodology for other rural supply systems.
Diagnóstico y Formulación de un Plan Integral de Operación y Mantenimiento Preventivo de los Sistemas de Drenaje Pluvial en la Red Vial Intercantonal de la Provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-13) Sailema Díaz David Santiago; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas
This work presents a technical diagnosis and a comprehensive operation and preventive maintenance plan aimed at preserving the hydraulic and structural functionality of stormwater drainage systems located in seven prioritized intercantonal road sections of the province of Cotopaxi. The research focused on the Salcedo–Latacunga, Latacunga–Pujilí, Saquisilí–Poaló, Poaló–Pujilí, Saquisilí– Guaytacama, Saquisilí–Tanicuchí, and Guaytacama–Toacaso road sections, covering a total of 40.48 km. Since the information was obtained directly in the field without altering the actual conditions of the inspected elements, the research was conducted with a quantitative, applied, and non-experimental design. Photographic records, direct observation, spreadsheets for data processing, criticality matrices, and technical evaluation forms were used for this purpose. This facilitated the organization, comparison, and analysis of the operational status of culverts, ditches, and other elements related to road drainage. The results identify the most frequent deficiencies as sediment accumulation, partial or total blockages, crack formation, vegetation growth, and loss of hydraulic capacity. These conditions are related, in several cases, to the effects of water flow or its presence on the road surface, ultimately affecting both drainage function and road preservation. Based on this information, operating and maintenance percentages were established according to the type of element evaluated, in order to identify critical points and prioritize preventive and corrective actions in a more organized manner. As a result, a technical guide is presented, containing procedures, objectives, intervention frequencies, required personnel, resources, materials, equipment, units of measurement, and verification criteria. This tool aims to support institutional planning and the management of public assets, reducing premature deterioration of road infrastructure and promoting more sustainable maintenance. Furthermore, it offers practical guidance for making technical decisions, organizing periodic work schedules, and monitoring conditions that could compromise local road safety.
Modelación hidrodinámica bidimensional para el diagnóstico espacial de la dispersión del contaminante en el río Anzu, cantón Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, provincia de Napo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-12) Aules Ojeda Lilian Lourdes; Paredes Beltrán Bolívar Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas
Heavy metal contamination is one of the major threats to water resource quality in mining-influenced watersheds due to its persistence, mobility, and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior and spatial dispersion of lead (Pb) along a 1.78 km reach of the Anzu River to evaluate the influence of hydraulic dynamics on contaminant transport and to provide scientific information for water resource management. The study integrated hydrological modeling using HEC-HMS and two-dimensional hydraulic modeling with HEC-RAS 2D, coupled with an advection–dispersion model to simulate lead transport. Design discharges were estimated for return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years, yielding flow rates of 159.4 m³/s, 188.6 m³/s, and 216.8 m³/s, respectively. Spatial variations in flow velocity, water depth, and lead concentration were evaluated and complemented by an environmental impact zoning analysis. The results demonstrated a progressive decrease in Pb concentration in the downstream direction, governed by advection, dispersion, dilution, and sedimentation processes. The simulated lead concentration at the model inflow point was 0.000159 mg/L, representing an approximate 99.12% reduction compared with the value reported in 2021 (0.018 mg/L). The spatial zoning identified river sections with different levels of environmental impact, leading to the conclusion that river hydrodynamics control contaminant transport and that the cessation of mining activities does not ensure the immediate recovery of water quality due to the persistence of lead within the fluvial system. Based on these findings, the implementation of an integrated hydrological, hydraulic, and water quality management tool based on HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS is proposed to strengthen the monitoring and management of lead (Pb) contamination in the Yurasyacu–Anzu river system.
Evaluación de la producción del cultivo de lechuga de hoja (Lactuca sativa), y el desarrollo de la Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) en el Sistema de Acuaponía.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Ingenieria de Agronomíca, 2026-07) Sánchez Chuquitarco, María Fernanda; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
Aquaponics is a sustainable production system that combines fish and vegetable production in water, with low costs and high profitability rates. It is an activity that includes organic waste from food that was not ingested by fish, feces and urine of aquatic beings that with bacterial action are transformed into nitrates, benefiting plant development. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the production of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the development of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the aquaponics system. For the development of the research, a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments and 3 replications was used. The population density of tilapia was the factor under study, which was 10, 15 and 20 tilapia/m3. In this study, the development of lettuce cultivation in an aquaponics system using tilapia as a fish species was evaluated. It was determined that treatment T3 (20 fish) yielded the best results in terms of weight, height of the lettuce plant, and yield. The results of the experiment indicate that growing plants with tilapia is feasible because it allows for the utilization of nitrogenous waste, as well as the cultivation of lettuce, which is of commercial interest. The aquaponic cultivation system makes available space more efficient and generates similar or higher yields than traditional cultivation.
We can indicate that no statistical differences were observed in the parameters studied when raising tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaponics. This is probably due to the fact that fish development is determined by factors such as temperature and feed, which were similar in all treatments.
Cultura tributaria y comportamiento fiscal de los comerciantes del centro de mercadeo agropecuario de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Contabilidad y Auditoría. Programa de Posgrado., 2026-07) Santamaría Moposita, Karen Alejandra; DT - López Núñez, Henry Robert
La presente investigación analiza la relación entre la cultura tributaria y el comportamiento fiscal de los comerciantes agropecuarios del Centro de Mercadeo Agropecuario de Ambato, considerando la importancia de este sector dentro de la economía regional y los desafíos que aún persisten en materia de formalización y cumplimiento tributario. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo. La información fue recopilada mediante un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra probabilística de 332 comerciantes, seleccionada de una población aproximada de 2.400 participantes. Los resultados evidenciaron que la cultura tributaria presenta un nivel predominantemente bajo, caracterizado por limitaciones en el conocimiento de la normativa tributaria, la educación fiscal y la percepción del sistema tributario. En
cuanto al comportamiento fiscal, se identificó un nivel medio, observándose debilidades principalmente en la emisión de comprobantes de venta y el cumplimiento integral de las obligaciones tributarias. El análisis inferencial, realizado mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, mostró una relación positiva fuerte y estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables, confirmando que un mayor nivel de cultura tributaria se asocia con mejores prácticas de cumplimiento fiscal. Se concluye que fortalecer la educación tributaria y promover acciones de sensibilización dirigidas a los comerciantes agropecuarios puede contribuir a mejorar el cumplimiento voluntario de las obligaciones fiscales, impulsar la formalización económica y fortalecer la recaudación tributaria en este importante sector productivo.
El impuesto a la renta del régimen RIMPE y microempresas en el Ecuador y la recaudación tributaria en Riobamba
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Contabilidad y Auditoría. Programa de Posgrado., 2026-07) Cabezas Padilla, Joselin Tatiana; DT - Mayorga Abril, César Medardo
La presente investigación analiza el impacto de las reformas tributarias en el Impuesto a la Renta bajo los regímenes RIMPE y de Microempresas en la recaudación tributaria de Riobamba durante el período 2021-2022. La transición del Régimen Impositivo para Microempresas al Régimen Simplificado para Emprendedores y Negocios Populares, implementada a partir del 1 de enero de 2022, constituyó un cambio normativo significativo que buscaba mejorar el cumplimiento tributario y ampliar la base de contribuyentes formalizados en el país. Los resultados del análisis documental y cuantitativo revelan que el cambio de régimen generó efectos recaudatorios extraordinarios en la ciudad de Riobamba. La recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta creció de USD 76,806.99 en 2021 a USD 2,594,237.21 en 2022, representando un incremento de más de treinta y tres veces respecto al año anterior. Este crecimiento acelerado respondió a la incorporación automática de contribuyentes bajo el nuevo régimen, la introducción de tarifas progresivas para emprendedores, y la simplificación de obligaciones formales para negocios populares. El Impuesto a la Renta contribuyó con el 73.58 por ciento del incremento total de recaudación, consolidando su posición como rubro fundamental del sistema tributario local. Las personas naturales aportaron el 92.68 por ciento de la recaudación del impuesto directo, evidenciando que los emprendedores individuales fueron los principales beneficiarios de la reforma y respondieron de manera efectiva a las nuevas disposiciones normativas. En conclusión, las reformas tributarias del régimen RIMPE incrementaron
significativamente la recaudación tributaria en Riobamba, validando que el cambio normativo cumplió con el propósito de ampliar la base tributaria y fortalecer los mecanismos de recaudación en territorios donde predominan contribuyentes de menor escala económica.
La auditoría forense a partir del escepticismo del auditor y su incidencia en la detección de fraudes en los gobiernos municipales de la zona tres
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Contabilidad y Auditoría. Programa de Posgrado., 2026-07) Alarcón Romero, Juan David; DT - Chango Galarza, Mariela Cristina
La presente investigación analiza la auditoría forense a partir del escepticismo profesional del auditor y su incidencia en la detección de fraudes en los gobiernos municipales de la zona tres del país, el estudio surge frente a la necesidad de fortalecer los procesos de fiscalización gubernamental, tomando en cuenta que la administración de recursos públicos exige componentes técnicos capaces de identificar irregularidades, documentar hallazgos y sustentar responsabilidades cuando existen indicios de fraude. Para lo cual en el marco teórico se centra en el escepticismo profesional basándose en la teoría de Kathy Hurtt, lo cual permite comprender que el auditor forense no debe aceptar la información institucional de manera automática, sino evaluarla críticamente mediante evidencia suficiente, competente y verificable. La investigación adopta un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo interpretativo, análisis de casos y entrevistas a cuatro auditores con experiencia profesional, dichos datos se procesan por medio del software ATLAS.ti como herramienta de apoyo para organizar y codificar la información, se analizó los presupuestos de los GAD’s durante en el año 2023 y 2024, así mismo, se dio a conocer los casos de presunto fraude en las diferentes provincias.
Los hallazgos muestran que la auditoría forense muestra ventajas en la fiscalización municipal, entre ellas la detección de fraude, la revisión de evidencia documental, la confirmación externa y la protección de la cadena de custodia, no obstante, también se identificaron limitaciones relacionadas con debilidades de control interno, presión institucional, información incompleta y demora procesal, a su vez las entrevistas evidenciaron que los auditores cumplen en gran medida con los elementos propuestos por Kathy Hurtt, como mente inquisitiva, suspensión del juicio, búsqueda de conocimiento, comprensión interpersonal, autonomía y autoestima profesional, por último el estudio propone un nuevo concepto de escepticismo profesional forense, entendido como una actitud técnica, crítica, independiente y probatoria que permite cuestionar información, resistir presiones, contrastar evidencia y sustentar los informes finales ante cualquier instancia legal.
Comparación de tres protocolos anestésicos para orquiectomía y ovariohisterectomía en gatos con temperamento agresivo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Maestría En Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Guerrero Apo, Walter Rolando; Almeida Secaira, Roberto Ismael
Surgical sterilization through orchiectomy and ovariohysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in feline medicine. However, anesthetic management in aggressive cats remains challenging due to stress, difficulties associated with handling, and the risk of perioperative physiological disturbances. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of three anesthetic protocols in aggressive cats undergoing surgical sterilization. A total of 48 cats treated in the mobile urban animal control units of the Municipal Government of Ambato were included and assigned to three treatment groups: dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg + ketamine 2 mg/kg + diazepam 0.4 mg/kg (T1); dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg + tiletamine-zolazepam 4 mg/kg (T2); and xylazine 2 mg/kg + ketamine 2 mg/kg + midazolam 0.2 mg/kg (T3). Physiological parameters, anesthetic quality, and postoperative analgesic effects were assessed using the Feline Grimace Scale. The results emonstrated that all three protocols allowed the surgical procedures to be performed safely while maintaining acceptable physiological stability. Nevertheless, the protocols containing dexmedetomidine exhibited superior anesthetic induction and recovery characteristics, as well as lower facial expressions associated with postoperative pain. In contrast, the xylazine-based protocol showed greater variability during recovery and lower analgesic efficacy during the late postoperative period. It is concluded that dexmedetomidine-based protocols constitute effective and safe alternatives for the anesthetic management of aggressive cats, promoting smoother recovery and improved animal welfare.
Aplicación Web basada en single page application (SPA) para la gestión de los procesos de asistencia y permisos en el área de RRHH del SIS Ecu 911 Zonal 3
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Tecnologías de la Información., 2026-07-27) Guaigua Cajas, Said Israel; Mayorga Mayorga, Franklin Oswaldo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Tecnologías de la Información.
At both regional and national levels, the lack of comprehensive technological solutions within public sector infrastructure affects staff performance and generates labor-related discrepancies. In this context, the Human Resources Department of SIS ECU 911 Zonal 3 faced limitations in attendance and leave management due to manual processes and spreadsheet-based records, which led to operational delays, loss of traceability, and risks in data handling.
To contribute to the improvement of these processes, this project proposes the implementation of a web application based on the Single Page Application (SPA) architecture for attendance and leave management. To achieve this, an analysis of the existing administrative processes and a study of the technical foundations of the SPA model were conducted, enabling the definition of a decoupled architecture focused on the centralization and automation of institutional information.
The developed system integrated functionalities for biometric record synchronization, automated attendance processing, vacation and balance inquiries, as well as digital leave management through approval and electronic signature workflows.
As a result, the application reduced manual activities related to attendance processing and leave management, improving consultation times, traceability, and access to information for institutional personnel. Furthermore, data centralization facilitated administrative control within the Human Resources Department.
This work represents a technological alternative aimed at strengthening the institution’s administrative management by providing a centralized, secure, and adaptable web-based solution tailored to its operational needs.
BBC Learning English Videos and English Intonation
(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educaciòn Carrera de Idiomas, 2026-07-01) Quispe Acosta Laura Maribel; Cumbe Coraizaca Dorys Maribel; Universidad Tècnica de Ambato Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educaciòn Carrera de Idiomas
The main objective of this research was to determine the influence of BBC Learning
English videos on the development of English intonation among A1-level students in the
Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros program at Universidad Técnica de
Ambato. The study adopted a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pre
test and post-test design with 34 participants. Six instructional interventions were implemented
through the Four A’s Methodology (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, and Application),
integrating authentic BBC Learning English videos to teach grammatical and attitudinal
intonation. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test and analyzed using an intonation
assessment rubric and IntonTrainer software, which evaluated students’ tone, pitch, stress, and
intonation. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in learners’ intonation
performance, showing greater accuracy in the use of rising, falling, and fall-rise intonation
patterns, more appropriate stress placement, better pitch control, and increased communicative
confidence. Furthermore, the authentic audiovisual materials enhanced students’ motivation,
participation, and engagement throughout the instructional process. It was concluded that the
integration of BBC Learning English videos with explicit instruction through the Four A’s
Methodology is an effective pedagogical strategy for improving English intonation and
strengthening the communicative competence of EFL learners.
Evaluación de diferentes dietas ácido-básicas sobre la salud renal en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Maestría En Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Tello Arellano, Augusto Iván; Villavicencio Villavicencio, Blanca Jeaneth
Renal health in rabbits is closely related to the nutritional composition of the diet; therefore, prolonged alterations in dietary composition can modify the physicochemical characteristics of urine and predispose rabbits to urinary and renal disorders. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate different acid-base diets and their effect on renal health in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The study used 36 mixed-breed rabbits, randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a control group fed commercial concentrate and alfalfa ad libitum (T0); a group supplemented with sugarcane molasses (T1); a group supplemented with sugarcane molasses and citric acid (T2); and a group supplemented with sugarcane molasses and calcium carbonate (T3). Physicochemical and microscopic evaluations of urine were performed using reagent strips and urinary sediment analysis, in addition to serum urea and creatinine determinations. Complementary renal histological studies were carried out using hematoxylin-eosin, PAS, and Masson’s trichrome stains. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis was performed for each treatment. The diets evaluated caused changes in urinary characteristics and in some biochemical indicators related to renal function. The acidifying and alkalinizing treatments produced variations in urinary pH, specific gravity, and the presence of mineral sediments. Histologically, mild alterations compatible with renal metabolic adaptation were observed. From an economic standpoint, all treatments were viable; however, supplementation with sugarcane molasses showed the best cost-benefit efficiency. Dietary treatments were associated with descriptive changes in several urinary and histological indicators; however, no significant differences were detected in urinary pH or urine specific gravity. Our findings suggest that prolonged imbalances could promote subclinical alterations of the urinary tract
Evaluación de la resistencia de Proteus mirabilis a Quinolonas y Betalactámicos y su relación con factores de virulencia
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Maestría En Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Borja Ramos, Alva Tatiana; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health, veterinary medicine and food safety. Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus recognized for its occurrence in animals, animal-derived foods and environments associated with the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of P. mirabilis isolated from chicken meat to quinolones and β-lactams, and to determine its relationship with virulence factors of clinical, veterinary and epidemiological importance. The study was conducted using a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 41 P. mirabilis strains preserved at the Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Universidad Técnica de Ambato were analysed. These strains originated from registered and non-registered retail outlets in Ambato canton. Resistance genes were detected by PCR: gyrA and aac (6’)-Ib-cr, associated with quinolone resistance, and blaTEM and blaCTX-M, associated with β-lactam resistance. The amplified products were visualised by agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, virulence factors were assessed through haemolysis on blood agar and swarming motility. The results showed high frequencies of resistance genes. The gyrA gene was detected in 85.37% of the isolates and aac (6’)-Ib-cr in 80.49%. Regarding β-lactams, blaTEM was identified in 80.49% and blaCTX-M in 58.54% of the strains. These findings demonstrate that chicken meat may act as a reservoir of P. mirabilis carrying genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. The coexistence of resistance genes with haemolysis and swarming suggests a potential health risk; therefore, strengthening molecular surveillance, food safety measures and the rational use of antimicrobials under the One Health approach is recommended.