Nutrición y Dietética
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Item Relación de la ingesta dietética y actividad física en el estado nutricional de los miembros de la policía nacional de la subzona Tungurahua #18(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-08-01) Barrera Morales, Jennifer Paola; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia Lic, MSc.In times of crisis, it is crucial to have a strong and efficient police force to meet security challenges, despite the social, financial, health and nutritional difficulties that may arise. In this context, research was conducted to determine the nutritional condition of police officers in the Pelileo district. A mixed approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative information, including anthropometric measurements and a nutritional diagnosis. The physical activity performed both during or after the job was inquired, and macronutrient intake was evaluated. The results showed that approximately 64% of the participants were overweight, with no significant metabolic risk, and a medium body build. However, the fat index aligned with BMI, indicating 71% obesity and 21% overweight. About 50% had average muscularity, related to a high level of weekly physical activity. Regarding macronutrient intake, variations were observed between work and rest days, with a nutritional imbalance. Despite this, no significant differences were found between home and work consumption in relation to requirements. These statistically supported findings suggest adequate levels of nutrition, although it is contradictory to the high rates of overweight and obesity. Indepth studies on nutrient intake needed for better understandingItem Evaluación de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre ayudas ergogénicas nutricionales en estudiantes que asisten al gimnasio de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-08-01) Andrade Huertas, Freddy Santiago; Llangari Zurita, Mirian Isabel ND.The nutritional ergogenic aids are a set of intakes that aim to improve the sports performance becoming currently an indispensable complement of the athletes or physically active persons due to the physical wear and tear to which they are subjected during their training. Nowadays, it has been popularised at international level its indiscriminate use and without professional control making them a health problem by not having adequate dosage according to the type of activity and the needs of the athlete, becoming ineffective and even detrimental to the optimal state of the person. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices on nutritional aids in students attending the gymnasium of the Technical University of Ambato. A descriptive cross-sectional study was programmed through a CAP survey of 10 questions, respectively, to determine the behavior of the population toward the problem described. It was hoped to determine the state of knowledge on the subject, the attitudes and practices they present after their use, and the use of them. Obtaining as a result that only 39.4% has an optimal level of knowledge of which the female sex was the predominant one. It is concluded that there is scientific knowledge about the nutritional aids, but they are not professionally prescribed and are used in an unconscious way. The highest consumption is creatine and protein powderItem Relación del ritmo circadiano con el estado nutricional del personal docente de la nidad educativa “Augusto N. Martínez”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Quinapanta Pérez, Gissela Estefanía; Zúñiga Sánchez, Valeria MonserrathDra.The study of the relationship between the circadian rhythm and the nutritional status of the teaching staff of the "Augusto N. Martinez" Educational Unit was carr ied out with the general objective of determining this relationship. To achieve this, three specific objectives were set: to collect anthropometric and dietary data, to evaluate circadian rhythm markers and to assess the dietary pattern of the teaching staff. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between circadian rhythm and the nutritional status of the teaching staff, especially in terms of dietary pattern and sleep quality. It was found that those teachers with an irregular circadian rhythm are more likely to have an unbalanced diet and a higher body mass index. Based on these results, it is recommended that the educational institution implement education programs on nutrition and healthy habits for the teaching staff, as well as promote schedules and environments that favor a regular circadian rhythm and good sleep quality. In addition, it is suggested that similar studies be conducted in other populations to broaden the understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythm and nutritional status.Item Impacto del abordaje nutricional en pacientes con enfermedad neurodegenerativa de parkinson. Revisión de la literatura(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Robayo Poveda, Domenica Monserrath; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo Andrés Dr. Esp.The term "malnutrition" encompasses two situations of nutritional imbalance; on the one hand, obesity generated by excess, and on the other hand malnutrition, generated by deficiency, the latter is recognized as the world's leading cause of immunodeficiency. On the other hand, the risk factors that have been mainly associated with malnutrition in Parkinson's are: weight loss, time of treatment with levodopa, anxiety, the presence of symptoms related to dysautonomia (dysphagia, constipation, sialorrhea), severity of the disease, etc. Objective: To describe the influence of the nutritional approach in patients with Parkinson's neurodegenerative disease. Methodology: It is a retrospective descriptive bibliographic review study, the study will be carried out through a meticulous search and analysis of original scientific articles in languages such as Spanish and English indexed in medical information databases such as: Pubmed, Web of Science, Bvs, Scholar, Medline, Scielo, etc. Results: Through a database screening of 37 scientific articles, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 investigations with a high level ofxiii evidence were introduced to this study as part of the discussion of the nutritional approach in Parkinson. Conclusions: Research mentions the use of guided diets depending on the nutritional status of the person with PD and the progress of their disease. The evidence supports the Mediterranean diet as a feasible option for nutritional support in Parkinson's. In addition, they recommend a diet that can be modified in consistency of liquids and solidsItem Estudio descriptivo sobre el consumo y calidad del desayuno en estudiantes de la carrera de nutrición y dietética de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Paredes Játiva, Joceline Lizbeth; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia PhD.Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, it has been identified that the habit of eating breakfast in the university population is less than 20%. In addition, research shows that one out of every three university students skip breakfast. The objective of this project was to conduct a descriptive study on the quality and frequency of breakfast consumption habits in university students. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, crosssectional, cross-sectional study was carried out. A population of 197 students of both sexes enrolled in Nutrition and Dietetics at the Technical University of Ambato was surveyed. The frequency of breakfast intake and its quality were evaluated. The results showed that 12.2% of the students do not eat breakfast, although 87.8% stated that they do eat breakfast, 25.9% do so infrequently (1-5 days). With respect to the quality of breakfast, 49.7% of the university students do not reach the recommended breakfast quality or simply do not eat breakfast. It is concluded that a high percentage of university students do not report the daily consumption of a breakfast that meets the criteria of good quality; and the fact of being a daily breakfast consumer does not guarantee that the choice of food is adequateItem Relación entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiovascular de los choferes de transporte público(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Vaca Tenorio, María Gabriela; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra Phd.The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of public transport operators in the province of Tungurahua and make a proposal for nutritional intervention, considering the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits in preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases. The research that has been developed is of a cross-sectional correlational descriptive type, which seeks to analyze the eating pattern and physical activity maintained by public transport drivers in the province of Tungurahua, to generate a nutritional diagnosis with the purpose of proposing a food intervention plan for the population. This study was carried out through the application of tools such as: SOAP format, 24-hour reminder, anthropometric measurement instruments (bioimpedance scale, height rod), laboratory test and consumption frequency survey, in the population of public transport drivers from the cooperative that is part of two different taxi cooperatives, “12 de Noviembre” and “Turismo Ambateño”.Item Análisis de la composición corporal con relación al tipo de actividad física y consumo alimentario en jóvenes adultos de entre 18 – 25 años de una federación deportiva de la zona 3(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Querido Santamaría, Jazmín Gabriela; Pasochoa Miniguano, Fausto Enrique Dr.Body Composition is of great importance in sports and health to estimate physical and nutritional status, thanks to which it has been possible to diagnose and prevent overweight, obesity and other diseases of cardiovascular and metabolic origin that drastically affect health. In the same way, healthy eating is closely related to the wellbeing of the organism. The objective of this research is to analyze the body composition in relation to the type of physical activity and food consumption in young adults between 18 - 25 years of a federation. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 125 athletes from 5 disciplines (Athletics, Basketball, Soccer, Swimming and Taekwondo) of both sexes (91 men and 34 women). Food consumption was identified through a survey of eating habits in which the consumption of fruits, vegetables, cereals, proteins, dairy products and fast foods was evidenced. Weight, height, BMI, and percentages of lean and fat mass were also measured using a bioimpedance scale. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistical program SPSS and it was shown that Soccer contributes to the maintenance of the musculature in the body but the most effective discipline for the generation of a greater amount of muscle mass in the body is Swimming. In the same way, food and knowing how to choose the food we consume is also a fundamental point that goes hand in hand with sport.Item Relación del estado nutricional y la calidad de dieta de los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaygua Arroyo, Leidy Jazmin; Chávez Velasco, Irlanda del Lourdes Dra.The purpose of this research project was to determine the nutritional status and diet quality of patients diagnosed with cancer in a private health entity in the city of Ambato. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and the subjects included in the study were 45 patients, 31 were female and 14 were male. For the assessment, a nutritional evaluation instrument of our own authorship was used, which arose from the compilation of different subjective assessment instruments previously used in other studies. In this nutritional status assessment tool, anthropometric indicators such as weight, height, BMI, fat mass and muscle mass were taken into account. Biochemical indicators considered were hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and albumin. Regarding the clinical assessment, the main symptoms that appear in the disease were taken into account and finally, to determine the quality of the diet, a 24- hour recall was used, with a sampling and analysis of exact grams per food with the help of the Photographic Manual of Ecuadorian Foods. The results of the research were processed with the Pearson Chi-square statistical test for the crossover of variables, which showed that according to the indicators used, it can be considered that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the quality of the diet of cancer patients.Item Calidad de la dieta hospitalaria en relación con los requerimientos nutricionales, en pacientes adultos mayores asilados en el hogar sagrado corazón de Jesús Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaña Escobar, Rita Francisned; Bustillos Ortiz Ing. MSc., Diana IsabelIntroduction: An adequate nutritional contribution does not only refer to the adequate consumption of calories, but also to balance of the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients; In elders, this premise becomes a difficult task to fulfill, due to the environment where they live and their functional situation, food intake is hindered and leads to states of malnutrition. Carrying out studies based on food intake in this population becomes essential to improve the nutritional approach and seek new dietary strategies that help the elderly population. Objective: This research is focused on studying the quality of the hospital diet in relation to nutritional requirements, in elderly patients living in the Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato. Methodology: We worked with a population of 54 older adults from the stated institution, their nutritional requirements were calculated by applying the Müller formula with an activity factor plus food thermogenics, in addition a three-day data collection was carried out in the which the food supply of the elderly was analyzed, and finally a crossover of variables was carried out to verify the hypothesis. Results: Having a baseline of the nutritional status of the population, it was evidenced that 50% of the elderly showed low weight and only 31.5% had an adequate weight. In relation to these data, when evaluating food intake, it was determined that 57.4% had a deficient consumption of calories, 38.9% protein, and 66.7% carbohydrates. Conclusion: It was concluded that the nutrient intake in elders living in Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato does not reach the nutritional requirements of each one.Item Abordaje nutricional en pacientes con cirugía bariátrica. Un estudio de revisión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Aguilar Morales, Bryan Javier; Guevara Villacis, Mishelts VanessaThe present investigative work focuses on how patients undergoing bariatric surgery, a surgical procedure used in the treatment of morbid obesity, are not able to eat an adequate diet both before and after the operation, failing to meet the adequate requirements of nutrients that your body needs after the physiological and metabolic changes that occur after the intervention. Therefore, the main objective of this review was to investigate and analyze the importance of having a specific nutritional treatment for this type of patients, in order to enhance and improve the results of surgery and improve their state of health and well-being. long term. Thus, a complete search of the scientific literature available in highly relevant databases was carried out, collecting information with adequate methodological quality, which allows understanding the need to adapt a nutritional plan before surgery to avoid complications during it, and after this, to help the patient's body adapt to the change. Thus, the importance of a comprehensive approach in the nutritional approach of these patients was highlighted, evidencing a lack of general information on the proper diet that should be followed, in many cases, downplaying the nutritional aspect, which leads to complications and a recovery of the weight that was had before surgery, therefore, special emphasis is made on the need for long-term follow-up, in which it is demonstrated that continuous visits to nutritional consultation and patient education, promote changes in the sustainable lifestyle, which does not include restrictive diets that cannot be carried.Item Relación entre valoración antropométrica y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos en adultos mayores de la parroquia Once de Noviembre-Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Herrera Rodríguez, Alisson Nicol; Quiroga Torres, Tannia ElizabethMalnutrition during aging is a constant problem that, together with the physiological alterations typical of age, generates negative consequences on the quality of life, since it alters the functionality of the organism, increasing the prevalence of diseases and mortality, the objective of this study. was to relate the anthropometric assessment with the frequency of food consumption "Food quality" in older adults of the Once de Noviembre parish of the Latacunga Canton, the study had a quantitative and qualitative (mixed) approach, presenting an experimental and cutting design transversal, made up of 50 older adults; Results: In the study population, the female gender predominated with 64% compared to 36% of the male gender; in which 36% are in the age group of 75-84 years. According to the BMI, the normal nutritional status was found in 56%, however, 44% present malnutrition due to excess and deficit, predominating in the female gender, on the other hand, it stands out that 68% present normal muscle reserves according to the circumference of the calf, likewise, 32% with decreased muscle reserves do not present healthy eating habits. In the brachial circumference, 66% presented normal muscle reserves, however, 44% maintain poor quality of food, on the other hand, 84% of the population presented poor quality of food, prevailing the female gender; Conclusion: The nutritional status of the elderly is related to food, physiological factors, bioavailability, economy, increases muscle depletion due to protein deficit.Item Valoración del estado nutricional de escolares que practican fútbol(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Aldás Garcés, Stephany María; Pasochoa Miniguano, Fausto EnriqueThe present research work determined the nutritional status of schoolchildren who play soccer at the "Escuela del 10" Academy of Ficoa-Ambato by evaluating anthropometric indicators and food intake, in a sample of 92 children and adolescents who were selected by exclusion and inclusion criteria. To obtain data, anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height, circumferences) and a survey of physical and dietary activity was carried out on parents, children and adolescents together with an informed consent, the WHO ANTROPLUS system to analyze anthropometric data; to analyze food intake, the food exchange list (GABA) was used, with which it was possible to know the percentage of adequacy of food consumption of each individual and the statistical software Jamovi to establish the relationship between T/E, BMI/E, body composition, cardiometabolic risk and training time. The results determined that the total population studied (92) for the most part began soccer practice at 3 years of age, it was concluded that 95.65% reported a T/E within normal ranges, 50% presented a Optimal BMI/E, 60.9% do not present cardiometabolic risk, with respect to body composition, 60% have an adequate amount of fat and 82.6% have an amount of muscle mass appropriate for age. However, 80.4% have an inadequate consumption of macronutrients, both due to excess and deficit, and 62% stated that they consume energy drinks with an average frequency of 3 times a week.Item Abordaje nutricional en el síndrome metabólico: un estudio de revisión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Guamán Chipantiza, Marilyn Anais; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndrésMetabolic syndrome is a disorder that promotes the development of low-grade inflammatory states, due to the increase in adipose tissue. Being constituted as a global problem, it compromises the state of health because it leads to the emergence of metabolic pathologies such as Obesity, Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), Hyperlipidemia and HTA. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to prepare a bibliographic review regarding dietary and therapeutic patterns and strategies of physical activity, which regulate the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. For the development of this research, articles from PubMed, the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digital Publications (MDPI), Dialnet and Google Scholar were taken into account from November 15, 2022 to February 25, 2023. That is why 35 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were included. Based on those articles the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, types of diets, nutraceutical foods and certain micronutrients (Vitamin C, D and magnesium) used for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome were described. It was concluded that despite the absence of a nutritional or physical activity model established for the management of this pathology the combined use of aerobic and anaerobic physical activity, plus the use of the dietary pattern that characterizes the Mediterranean diet, reduced anthropometric (BMI, weight and waist circumference) and biochemical values by lowering triglycerides, LDLC, TG and better blood pressure control and insulin sensitivity. Reducing cardiometabolic risk and early mortality in metabolically decompensated individualsItem Evaluación del estado nutricional y características socio demográficas en estudiantes universitarios de la Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Moreno Dávila, Tatiana Belén; Galarza Esparza, William BayardThe present research will focus on investigating the nutritional status of fourth semester students at the Technical University of Ambato according to sociodemographic factors. There haven't been many studies centered on public university students in Ecuador, which is why a previous collection of sociodemographic data and food frequency was conducted through validated surveys, to determine the current situation of the population. Through this, it is expected to take actions that improve the nutritional status and knowledge about nutrition among students, thus preventing malnutrition in all its forms. To relate the nutritional status with the sociodemographic characteristics in university students of the career of nutrition and dietetics. The study carried out was observational and descriptive, with a quantitative approach, made up of a population of 29 students distributed between men and women. Of the total population studied, this was distributed in 82.8% women and 17.2% men. In which it was observed that ethnicity and household income have an impact on body fat reserves and protein consumption of students, other sociodemographic variables such as sex, area of residence, family nucleus, monetary income and the basic services did not show a significant relationship with the nutritional status and body composition of the students according to the established value of chi square p=<0.05. The bioimpedance technique was used to assess nutritional status, and then nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI). As a result, it was found that there was only a significant relationship between ethnicity and the percentage of f at, as well as between household monetary income and the percentage of protein consumed. No significant relationships were found with other sociodemographic factors evaluated.Item Calidad de sueño y el estado nutricional en docentes de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Chauca Toapanta, Veronica Natali; Zuñiga Sanchez, Valeria MonserrathPoor sleep quality has negative effects on health due to alterations in metabolism. The objective of the study was to identify the relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status of teachers of the Universidad Tecnica de Ambato, through anthropometric and dietary assessment. The study was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study, where the sample consisted of 38 teachers between 29 and 59 years of age. Two questionnaires were used for the study: the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the food consumption frequency questionnaire according to the IASE healthy eating index. The statistical analysis was performed in the IBM SPSS Statistics 2021 program, where it was found that 65.8% of the study sample had poor sleep quality, while 44.7% were overweight and 5.3% obese, measured by body mass index (BMI); likewise, body fat percentage, body fat area, waist circumference were altered, all of which shows that most teachers have altered body composition. The 94.7% presented a diet in need of change and 5.3% an unhealthy diet, that is to say, the total population has inadequate eating habits. No statistical significance was found between sleep quality and body composition (p>0.05), however, a close relationship was observed in the percentage of body fat (p 0.06). When sleep quality was related to diet, the same result was obtained. Consequently, although there was no statistically significant relationship between nutritional status and sleep quality, important trends were observed.Item Análisis de la ingesta energética-proteica en relación a la sarcopenia en pacientes con hemodiálisis(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Camino Naranjo, María de los Ángeles; Galarza Esparza, William BayardoHemodialysis increased the risk of loss muscle mass, strength and function those are the factors correlate with sarcopenia. The purpose of this research is if the energy and protein intake will be related with sarcopenia’s diagnosis. This is a cross – sectional correlational research. We have 53 participants: 16 women and 37 men. The results showed that the BMI is not enough to be a predictor of malnutrition, because of that about 66% have lost muscle mass; the variables of sex and age are dependent on the diagnosis, on that 56.6% have severe sarcopenia. Whit the analysis of energy intake (p<0.05; 95%CI:-37.0501 to - 30.1196), and protein intake (p<0.05; 95%CI:-1.96615 to -1.50555), the difference test is statistically significant. In the relationship between energy and protein intake, the result is that protein intake is related to the sarcopenia, due to the protein catabolism involved in hemodialysis treatment, so it is suggested that the participants need supplementation intradialysis or despite they do not come to the hemodialysis.Item Relación entre riesgo de trastorno por atracón y estado nutricional, en adolescentes de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Encarnación Aucapiña, Liseth Monserrath; Quiroga Torres, Tannia ElizabethBinge eating disorder (BED) regularly begins in adolescence and is characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive and uncontrolled food intake in a short period of time without compensatory behaviors. The objective was to identify the relationship between the risk of BED with the nutritional status of high school adolescents of the Juan León Mera "La Salle" high school, determined by anthropometric indicators. Nonexperimental study, cross-sectional and correlational in scope, with 218 adolescents, 121 males and 97 females, between 14 and 18 years of age, enrolled in the 2022- 2023 school year. Anthropometric data (weight and height), sociodemographic data and the risk of BED were collected using an annexed instrument, the Binge Eating Scale (BES) translated and validated in Spanish. 25.2% of the participants presented excess weight (20.2% overweight and 5% obese) according to their Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A), in addition 5.5% presented Low Height for Age (H/A), the risk of BED was 11.5% (n=25) of which 15 presented moderate binge eating and 10 severe binge eating, the sociodemographic factors associated with binge eating were: female gender, neutral or poor relationship with parents/caregivers and neutral or unsatisfied body image (p<0.05). It was identified that between the risk of BED and BMI/A there is a significant positive relationship (p<0.01) (the higher the BMI/A, the higher the risk of BED), and between the risk of BED and H/A there is a significant negative relationship (p<0.05) (the higher the H/A, the lower the risk of BED)Item Factores alimentarios y su relación en la prevalencia de anemia en niños/as de 2 a 5 años en la comunidad de Pasa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Valle López, Nicole Monserrath; Llangari Zurita, Mirian IsabelThe health of children is important especially at early ages, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 600 million children in pre -school stage with anemia and it is attributed that at least half of these cases are iron deficiency anemia so the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between nutrition and the prevalence of anemia in children aged 2 to 5 years in the community of Pasa, For this purpose, hemoglobin tests were performed to determine the value of anemia and a survey was used to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices on food and nutrition in children through information obtained from their parents. With regard to eating habits, the consumption of food, drinks, snacks and the level of daily intake and the consumption of food supplements for child development were taken as relevant, the sample size was 40 children, 62.5% male and 37.5% female, the data obtained indicate that of the total number of children evaluated 65% have mil d anemia and 35% moderate anemia, finally through the chi-square test, it was found that there is a relationship between dietary factors and the prevalence of anemia.Item Calidad de la dieta en relación a sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de una Unidad Educativa del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-22) Carrasco Pérez, Victoria Monserratte; Hidalgo Morales, Kattytta PatriciaCurrently, overweight and obesity have become a public health crisis. In Latin America and the Caribbean, it is estimated that 3 out of 10 children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19 are overweight, which is influenced by an incorrect diet. For this reason, the present work had the objective of establishing the relationship between the quality of the diet and the presence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of 5th, 6th and 7th year of the Tirso de Molina Educational Unit of the Ambato Canton. For which a qualitative and quantitative approach methodology was used, of a descriptive and cross-sectional type, which included a study sample of 219 students to whom the food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied, in addition to being We took their anthropometric measurements. As a result, it was obtained that the boys presented a body mass index of 22.4 ± 2.74 and the girls 22.4 ± 2.74, at the same time it was determined that 52.7% of the students had a poor diet, that there was no significant difference in diet quality between boys and girls (p>0.05) and that there is a negative correlation between body mass index and diet quality (p<0.01: Rho= -0.345). It is concluded that the quality of the diet is related to the body mass index, since the worse the quality of the diet, the greater the weight of the students and vice versa.Item Estrategias nutricionales en adultos con diabetes mellitus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-25) Villacis Fiallos, Angelo Joel; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina AlexandraType 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the main diseases affecting Ecuadorian society, currently impacting 1.4 million Ecuadorians. This situation is exacerbated as a result of unhealthy nutritional habits, which lead to an increase in people with overweight and obesity. It is important to highlight the increase in the older adult population with these problems, as well as the sedentary customs that contribute to the sustained rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. It is a priority for health authorities to develop nutritional strategies for older adults affected by this disease, emphasizing the importance of implementing health education actions that positively impact the change of poor nutritional habits and the systematic increase of physical activity as fully viable alternatives to reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus cases in the adult population. The methodology used in the development of the scientific article corresponds to a literature review. In conclusion, nutritional strategies focus on transforming lifestyles, through increasing physical activity, reducing carbohydrate intake, and adopting a healthy nutrition rich in proteins and fiber but low in fats.