Nutrición y Dietética
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Item AVANCES EN GENÓMICA NUTRICIONAL Y SU USO EN LA NUTRICIÓN PERSONALIZADA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-10-28) Salinas Morales, Milena Stephania; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina ArteagaIntroduction: This literature review explores advances in nutritional genomics and its application in personalized nutrition to address obesity. Considering the complexity of the human genome and genetic susceptibilities to diseases like obesity, personalized nutrition emerges as a promising solution for this multifactorial disease that impacts global public health. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the most effective nutraceuticals in personalized nutrition to mitigate or treat obesity through specific dietary adjustments based on individual genetics. Methodology: A non-systematic review of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023 was conducted, selecting studies based on criteria of relevance, accessibility, and timeliness. Of the 82 articles evaluated, 40 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The selected studies highlight the importance of compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins in modulating the genetic and metabolic response to obesity. These nutraceuticals have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing adiposity and related inflammation. Discussion: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are essential for personalizing nutrition, as individual genetic variability significantly affects the response to different diets and treatments, justifying a personalized approach that considers the specific genotype of the individual. Conclusion: Integrating nutraceuticals into the diet based on the genetic profile may be key to the effective management and treatment of obesity. Research points towards a shift to personalized nutrition, emphasizing the need for more studies and their implementation in clinical and dietary practices.Item LACTANCIA MATERNA PROLONGADA, MITOS Y REALIDADES DESDE LA NUTRICIÓN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Quingaluisa Sandoval, Ana Isabel; Chávez Velasco, Irlanda de LourdesThe World Health Organization recommends starting breastfeeding during the first hour of the baby's life, continuing its practice exclusively up to six months and complementing it with adequate nutrition up to two years or more. In Ecuador, rates are low, which is due, in part, to the fact that there are many beliefs that hinder its effective practice. Aim. Identify beliefs regarding BF and confirm whether or not there is scientific evidence to support them. Materials and methods. A literature review was carried out in different databases and other bibliographic sources. We searched for 40 studies and documents on the myths and realities around published between 2019 and 2024 and written in English and Spanish. Results. The initial search yielded 145 records, but only 40 met the inclusion criteria, which were grouped into 4 categories of beliefs: 3 established by Unicef (beliefs regarding the mother, the quality of the milk and what the baby needs) and 1 established by the authors (other beliefs). The superiority of breastfeeding over any other type of food, its fat content, proteins, immune and biologically active components play an important role in the protective effect for both the health of the infant and the mother.Item INSEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y RETARDO EN TALLA EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INICIAL, DE UNIDADES EDUCATIVAS DE LAS ZONAS URBANA Y RURAL DE LA CIUDAD DE LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Muso Salazar, Mayte Alejandra; Zuñiga Sanchez, Valeria MonserrathFood insecurity is defined as the lack of access to sufficient and nutritious food. When children suffer from food insecurity, they do not obtain the nutrients necessary for adequate growth and development. This situation can be caused by poverty, lack of resources, lack of knowledge about adequate nutrition and other socioeconomic factors. Food insecurity can lead to chronic malnutrition, negatively affecting the physical and cognitive development of children. Stunting is a key indicator of children's nutritional status, manifesting itself in poor growth in height compared to the child's age. Stunted children are shorter than expected for their age, often as a result of chronic malnutrition related to food insecurity. This problem can have lasting effects on physical and cognitive development, resulting in lower academic performance and increased risk of disease. It is essential to address these problems at the early education stage. Strategies to ensure access to safe and nutritious foods must be implemented, in addition to promoting nutritional education for parents and caregivers. It is also crucial to provide access to quality health services and medical care, and to address underlying factors such as poverty and inequality that contribute to food insecurity and stunting.Item EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA SOBRE EL MANEJO NUTRICIONAL DEL ADULTO MAYOR ENCAMADO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Morejon Villarroel, Jemima Elizabeth; Guevara Villacis, Mishelts VanessaPopulation aging is a global reality, with a significant increase in the number of older individuals. As we age, the prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities requiring long-term care also grows. Bedridden older adults are particularly vulnerable and face challenges due to their limited mobility and dependence on daily activities.This study focuses on caring for this population, addressing complication prevention, mobility promotion, and quality of life enhancement through novel and evidence-based approaches. It’s essential to note that when adapting food texture to enhance tolerance, we must maintain nutritional quality and appealing appearance to preserve appetite. Transforming food should not compromise its nutritional value, as this could further deteriorate the health of older adults.The most common complications may include the presence of sarcopenia in older adults. In summary, improving the quality of life for bedridden older adults requires a multidisciplinary approach. Different professionals must address the physical and physiological changes that influence disease onset. Nutritional treatment is crucial for maintaining physical and mental health, preventing chronic diseases, and promoting independence. Nutritional care should consider factors such as dysphagia, customs, socioeconomic status, and anemia. Ultimately, balanced nutrition tailored to the needs of older adults is essential for optimal and dignified aging.Item DETERMINACIÓN DE LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL EN DEPORTISTAS DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO DE LA CIUDAD DE AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Lascano López, Elsie Germania; Galarza Esparza, William BayardoThe purpose of this research was to analyze the body composition of high performance athletes and compare it with a control group, and we were able to determine that the BMI is not an adequate indicator to evaluate an athlete due to the alterations that he/she has according to weight and the amount of muscle mass. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 38 athletes between 19 and 30 years of age, 14 of high performance, 13 men and 1 woman and 24 of control group, all men, in which through a bioimpedance study allowed us to compare their percentage of fat mass and muscle mass in relation to their weight according to the time and type of training and if there is a relationship between both groups, The results were obtained through a Chi-square statistical test to be able to cross variables, where there is no relationship between the control group and the high performance group based on their BMI and muscle mass. However, in the percentages of fat mass, there was little significant difference in relation to the high performance athletes and the control group since both were between normal and high ranges. With respect to hydration, it was found that high performance athletes have better total body water levels due to their muscle percentage, their water levels are more stable compared to the control group, therefore, it was determined that the BMI should not be used to evaluate a high performance athlete because most of them will be overweight and even obese due to their musculature.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA, SEGÚN NIVELES DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL DEL CANTÓN LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Rivadeneira Quiroga, Marina Alejandra; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethThe objective of this research was to associate nutritional status and food security in early childhood in a rural community of Latacunga in order to know the number of families suffering from food insecurity and how many children within them suffer from malnutrition, for which a crossectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The samples used were 34 children from 1 to 3 years old who belong to a child development center in the Ashpacruz sector of the city of Latacunga. As a source of information, the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through weight and length/height in addition to two surveys, one conducted by the researcher with socio economic characteristics and general data of the caregiver, availability and access to food, water for consumption, among other determinants, and the ELCSA survey to determine the level of food insecurity of the children and their families. The results obtained show that only global malnutrition is related to food insecurity according to the statistical test applied and that most of the population studied has some type of malnutrition. In addition, it was evidenced that most families suffer from moderate food insecurity, which shows that the studied population and their families have a reduced amount of food and that these foods are not of good nutritional quality being data of utmost importance due to the prevalence of malnutrition in the country and the impact that food security has on society today.Item CONSUMO DE COMIDA ULTRA PROCESADA Y MANIFESTACIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS NO TRANSMISIBLES A EDAD TEMPRANA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Ponce Campos, Jefferson Alexis; Bustillos Ortiz, Diana IsabelUltra-processed foods, composed of multiple industrial ingredients and additives, are associated with the early development of non-transmissible chronic diseases such as overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. These are determined by genetic, physiological, environmental factors, and inappropriate eating habits. The inappropriate eating habits plays an important role in the choice of these products. Similarly, it´s shown that genes are related in the preference for foods rich in fats, sugars, and salt due to the aim to achieve satiety, which affects individual inclination towards these foods. In that way, these lead to a decrease in the consumption of natural and healthy foods from childhood. On the other hand, food marketing, through strategies that increase accessibility and create a constant presence in everyday environments such as supermarkets and vending machines, promotes the acquisition of these products, especially among young people and children with limited budgets. Thus, this contributes to their excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods from an early age. This study underscores the need to implement educational, regulatory, and awareness measures in order to counteract the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods from childhood. Promoting a balanced and nutritious diet from an early age is crucial to prevent the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases and to promote a healthy lifestyle throughout the life.Item CONOCIMIENTOS, ACTITUDES Y PRÁCTICAS RESPECTO AL ETIQUETADO NUTRICIONAL Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA ELECCIÓN DE ALIMENTOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA FCS DE LA UTA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Pazmiño Morales, Rachel Tamara; Quiroga Torres, Tannia ElizabethIntroduction: Food choice is essential for the health of populations. Strategies such as food product labeling standards could help consumers have clear information about the foods they consume. Objective: Analyze the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on nutritional labeling and its relationship with food choices in UTA FCS students. Methodology: The study is an observational descriptive crosssectional survey type. It has a study population of 1,413 students belonging to the Medicine and Physical Therapy majors, from which a sample of 225 people was extracted considering a 6% margin of error and a standardized value of 1.96. Results: It was concluded that there is a relationship between practices regarding nutritional labeling and the food choice of processed and ultra-processed foods (p value=0.005).Item EL ABANDONO DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA EXCLUSIVA Y EL USO DE FÓRMULAS LÁCTEAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Pilatasig Tandalla, Diana Soledad; Llangari, Mirian Isabel ZuritaIntroduction: Breast milk is an ideal food for infants, providing an ideal mix of nutrients and antibodies essential for their development and health. In addition to strengthening the immune system, it fosters the emotional bond between mother and child, benefits that milk formulas cannot fully replicate, even though they are designed to mimic the composition of breast milk. However, various circumstances, such as health, social and economic problems, lead many mothers to opt for this alternative. This research topic is crucial to understand the factors that influence the decision to use formulas and their impact on infant and maternal health. In addition, it is fundamental to address issues of social and economic inequalities that may influence mothers' choice. Methodology: A literature search was carried out in reliable databases such as Redalyc, Scielo, PubMed, Elsevier, in Spanish and English in the last 5 years, including bibliographic reviews, systematic reviews, postgraduate theses, original scientific articles, as well as official WHO and UNICEF pages, and excluding undergraduate theses, monographs, forums and abstracts. Conclusion: Breastfeeding offers a number of benefits and is the only complete food that the child should receive, however, despite these advantages, the use of milk formulas as a replacement for breast milk is increasing, despite the fact that it cannot fully replicate breast milk.Item IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA NUTRICIONAL "MUÉVETE" EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DEL PERSONAL DE LA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS BIOALIMENTAR - TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-26) Orbea Cadena, Paula Victoria; Viteri Robayo, Carmen PatriciaIn the workplace, the health and well-being of personnel is fundamental to a company's performance and productivity. The implementation of nutritional programs represents a proactive strategy that seeks to improve the health status of employees and reduce absenteeism caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases derived from overweight and obesity. The objective of the research was to study the impact of the nutritional program "Muévete" on the nutritional status of the personnel of the food company Bioalimentar in order to analyze the role of nutritional programs in companies. The research is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 71 workers. To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity, specific data such as weight and height were taken to determine body mass index, on the other hand, to analyze the percentage of fat mass the four main folds were used (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraileac) and cardiovascular risk with the measurement of waist circumference, as for the measurement of the impact of the program a comparative analysis was made between the data pre application of the program and post application of the same. As a result, 47.9% were overweight and obesity grade I, corresponding to 25.4% in the male gender. As for the percentage of fat mass, 53.5% of the male gender had an average level of fat and 39.4% had an increased level of cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit not only Bioalimentar, but also other companies and the community in general, promoting a culture of wellness and integral health and directly influencing the formulation of policies and strategies at the corporate and governmental level, thus increasing the sustainability of the companies.