Ciencias de la Salud
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Ítem CARACTERIZACIÓN DE BACTERIAS PREDOMINANTES CAUSANTES DE SEPSIS EN PACIENTES DE UCI EN EL HOSPITAL GENERAL LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-28) Vizcaino Borja, Poulette Virginia; González Romero, Ana CarolinaCharacterization of the causative agents of sepsis will provide valuable information on infection rates, epidemiology, and resistance patterns at the local level, which will help improve sepsis management in the hospital and its setting. In order to characterize the bacteria most frequently associated with sepsis in patients hospitalized in the ICU of the Latacunga General Hospital during the period from November 2023 to April 2024, this study used a type of descriptive, correlational observational research with a nonexperimental design and quantitative approach, during the study period in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Latacunga General Hospital, where the predominant bacteria in cases of sepsis were identified with a significant prevalence of Escherichia coli highlighting the need for specific treatment strategies and targeted preventive measures, in addition, the analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed that a substantial percentage of these bacteria were resistant to several antibiotics such as Broad Spectrum Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, which underscores the urgency of more prudent antimicrobial use policies, in terms of the evaluation of risk factors associated with previous use of antibiotics, sex, age, and specific comorbidities of a patient. A comprehensive approach that considers not only microbiological characteristics but also the clinical history of patients, as a direct consequence of these findings, recommendations have been established for the implementation of antibiotic use protocols, infection prevention strategies and antimicrobial resistance control measures. Concluding with the effective application of these recommendations has the potential to significantly improve clinical management and reduce the incidence of sepsis in this specific hospital environment, where they highlighted that the predominant bacteria in sepsis cases accounted for approximately 60% of the infections identified.Ítem AVANCES EN GENÓMICA NUTRICIONAL Y SU USO EN LA NUTRICIÓN PERSONALIZADA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-10-28) Salinas Morales, Milena Stephania; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina ArteagaIntroduction: This literature review explores advances in nutritional genomics and its application in personalized nutrition to address obesity. Considering the complexity of the human genome and genetic susceptibilities to diseases like obesity, personalized nutrition emerges as a promising solution for this multifactorial disease that impacts global public health. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the most effective nutraceuticals in personalized nutrition to mitigate or treat obesity through specific dietary adjustments based on individual genetics. Methodology: A non-systematic review of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023 was conducted, selecting studies based on criteria of relevance, accessibility, and timeliness. Of the 82 articles evaluated, 40 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The selected studies highlight the importance of compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins in modulating the genetic and metabolic response to obesity. These nutraceuticals have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing adiposity and related inflammation. Discussion: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are essential for personalizing nutrition, as individual genetic variability significantly affects the response to different diets and treatments, justifying a personalized approach that considers the specific genotype of the individual. Conclusion: Integrating nutraceuticals into the diet based on the genetic profile may be key to the effective management and treatment of obesity. Research points towards a shift to personalized nutrition, emphasizing the need for more studies and their implementation in clinical and dietary practices.Ítem ANÁLISIS DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A ANTIFÚNGICOS Y EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS EN CEPAS DE CANDIDA SPP. AISLADAS DE SECRECIONES VAGINALES EN MUJERES DE 22 A 65 AÑOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-14) Alquinga Lovato, Jenny Carolina; Moina Veloz, Álvaro PaúlCandida spp. is a fungus that can be found in the vagina, causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC) causing gynecological problems in different ages, including those with diabetes, producing an impact on physical health, and their intimate relationships, commonly used as treatment azoles, the prognosis is good and curative, but if the predisposing factors of mycosis are not corrected a new reinfection occurs. Species identification was performed with CHROMagar candida and Biggy nickerson as control agar, in addition, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed along with a closed-question survey to identify risk factors associated with VC. To analyze antifungal susceptibility and evaluate the associated risk factors in Candida spp.strains isolated from vaginal secretions in women aged 22 to 65 years and to develop an algorithm for the identification and characterization of Candida spp. strains. The methodology has a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional approach, involves the collection of a vaginal swab sample, the information and data were obtained during the course of the research. The results obtained represent the susceptibility profile circulating in this health center and could be potentially useful for monitoring and guiding treatment. When testing for susceptibility to antifungals C. albicans, C. parapsilosis were sensitive to fluconazole and voriconazole in 100%, C. glabrata was SDD for fluconazole, voriconazole has no cut-off point and C. krusei presented sensitivity to voriconazole, fluconazole shows intrinsic resistance. krusei presented sensitivity to voriconazole, fluconazole shows intrinsic resistance, within the risk factors we have the active sexual life, diabetes, which proposes to implement preventive measures to avoid recurrence of vaginal infections, for this reason it is necessary to expand the research in other populations such as pregnant women, patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and minors.Ítem MÉTODOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE ENTEROBACTERALES PRODUCTORAS DE BLEE Y CARBAPENEMASAS EN PACIENTES INGRESADOS EN EL HOSPITAL DE TENA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-10) Chávez Trávez, Erika Carolina; Poveda Paredes, Francisco XavierOver the years bacteria have been evolving and acquiring different qualities and abilities to avoid the action of antibiotics on them, which has become a public health problem involving the general population. This study focused on two types of bacterial resistance which are the extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and Carbapenemases that primarily affect hospitalization services. The objective is to correlate phenotypic and automated microbiological diagnostic methods for the detection of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Methodology. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational and non-experimental design study was carried out at the General Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra in the hospitalization areas of Internal Medicine and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), services that are characterized by showing more pathologies related to bacterial infections within the health facility. Results. Of the 107 samples analyzed, there was a presence of Enterobacteriaceae, it was evidenced that 19 samples showed resistance to Betalactams in the automated VITEK 2 compact system, while in the manual phenotypic method, 21 specimens with the same multi-resistance were obtained, after performing the quality controls and comparison with pre-established protocols in addition to the realization of a statistical study of Pearson coefficient, it was demonstrated that the methods have great similarity in their results. Additionally, during this study two samples were collected that presented resistance to Carbapenemics, in this identification the methods that were compared had 100% concordance, which suggests that the technique we choose will help us to recognize Carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria, taking into account that the techniques go hand in hand for the issuance of a result. Once all the transcendence data were recognized, a diagnostic algorithm was designed that can help us for the correct processing of enterobacteria with these types of resistance in the microbiology laboratory, in order to help the doctor in the diagnosis and timely treatment of this type of infections in hospitalized patients. ESBL- and Carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria were identified in the different samples received from the hospitalization areas of Internal Medicine and ICU, and it was determined that the automated method will be the Gold standard for finding bacterial resistances, however the manual method is also highly reliable. Finally, an algorithm was developed to help in the adequate characterization of multidrugresistant organisms.Ítem ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA PARA LE PREVENCIÓN DE LAS INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS EN NIÑOS MENORES DE CINCO AÑOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-07) Taipe Alvarez, Johanna Daniela; Macias Ferreiro, KarinaIntroduction: health promotion is the most effective method of disease prevention. This type of activity ensures that professionals seek various ways of transmitting crucial information to parents and caregivers by disseminating key information for the prevention of pathologies. Objective: to contribute to the prevention of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age through an educational intervention. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, action-participation (educational intervention) before-after study was carried out. The universe and the sample coincided; it was constituted by the parents and/or guardians of the 30 children attending the “Estrellitas del Futuro” Child Development Center of the San Buenaventura parish, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador. A questionnaire on knowledge and practices was applied before and after the intervention. Results: before the educational intervention, the prevalent level of knowledge was poor (96, 6 %) regardless of the level of schooling; after the intervention it was good (53, 3 %) and regular (36,6 %). Eighty-seven percent of the sample after the intervention assumed good practices against respiratory infections. The impact of the educational intervention was positive, with a significance level of less than p'0,005. Conclusions: the educational intervention on the prevention of respiratory infections in children under five years of age was effective, which demonstrates the importance of educating the population in order to raise their perception of risk and provoke the adoption of good health practices.Ítem CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DEL ADULTO MAYOR, SEGÚN EL MODELO DE ROPER-LOGAN-TIERNEY(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Ortega Quishpe, Lissette Aide; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: One of the stages of the human being is to reach aging, which is linked to physical, psychological and social changes. The WHO identified the dependence that arises over the years in the human being, during the development of daily life activities and thus affects their health status. For this reason, they suggest the implementation of nursing care focused on the needs. Methods: Quantitative research, quasi-experimental design, in the club of older adults of the GAD Parroquial Emilio María Terán, period September 2023 - February 2024, through the application of a questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics, nursing assessment according to the nursing model of Roper Logan Tierney, the NANDA I taxonomy was used, SF-36 Test, to older adults with inclusion criteria: ≥ 60 years, belonging to the club, respecting the bioethical principles of the Helsinki declaration. Results: The highest dependency was identified in activities such as maintenance of safe environment, feeding, cleaning and mobilization, nursing care was planned and evaluation by SF-36 post test. Conclusions: To conclude, the effectiveness of the nursing care implemented according to the needs identified according to the Roper Logan Tierney model to improve health status and meet the objective also proposed by the WHO to provide and strengthen active aging and health was demonstrated.Ítem COMPLICACIONES MATERNO-FETALES DE LA DIABETES GESTACIONAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) León Panoluisa, Heydi Gabriela; Fernández Nieto, Miriam IvonneIntroduction. Gestational diabetes, a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, is crucial in obstetrics because it affects the health of the mother and the fetus. Caused by high glucose levels, it is linked to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. It is common in 90% of pregnant women and its early detection is vital to prevent complications. Objective. To evaluate the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes. Method. The study is a retrospective review. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used, selecting studies using specific search terms and the PRISMA methodology. The inclusion criteria for the selection of documents were those that contained the terms “diabetes”, “gestational diabetes”, “complications in the pregnant woman”, “complications in fetuses” and “newborns”. Articles without language and free access restrictions, published between 2019 and 2024, were accepted. The exclusion criteria included documents in difficult to translate languages and studies that lacked relevant information. Results. Studies indicated an increase in maternal and neonatal complications in women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and type 2 diabetes. Obesity, maternal age > 30 years, history of diabetes are important risk factors. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes manifests more in the second trimester, requiring early detection and intervention. It was found that it is associated with fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia and obesity, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and management.Ítem CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LAS PERSONAS SOBREVIVIENTES DE CÁNCER(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Bonilla Sánchez, María Eugenia; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CristinaIntroduction: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, with around 18 million new cases per year. In Latin America there are 2.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths per year. In Ecuador, 20% of people develop cancer before the age of 75. Survival has improved, currently reaching 70%. However, survivors have an impact on their quality of life due to anxiety, depression and insomnia after treatment. Methods: Qualitative study of descriptive scope and with a phenomenological approach. The sample was made up of 7 adult participants in remission or cured from the Picaihua Parish. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed according to grounded theory, identifying categories in the work, family, economic and psychological spheres. Results: The results show difficulties in the workplace for reimbursement due to decreased energy and physical capacity; In the family, union and support are strengthened; In the economic sphere, a high burden of medical expenses is generated; and in the psychological, greater emotional susceptibility. Conclusion: We conclude that overcoming cancer involves a complex transition, with multidimensional impacts. Maintaining a positive attitude, spiritual support and motivation are key. Family support is crucial to mitigate suffering, and specific impacts on work, family, economic and psychological matters are highlighted. Resilience, spirituality and multidisciplinary support are essential for the comprehensive adaptation of the survivor.Ítem INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Yagchirema Yancha, Katherine Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin FernandaIntroduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: To know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: A systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English. , such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: Nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity.Ítem EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA Y ALTERACIONES EMOCIONALES EN ADOLESCENTES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Pushug Pérez, Angellisa; Fernández Soto, Gerardo FernandoIntroduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological, psychological and behavioral changes, which can cause malnutrition with repercussions on the emotional state. Objective: Describe the anthropometric evaluation and emotional alterations in adolescents. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. It was carried out in Ecuador, Ambato, during September 2023-February 2024. The population consisted of 49 students from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit of the Province of Chimborazo, aged between 12-14. Anthropometric evaluation and application of structured and validated psychological questionnaires were carried out. Results: There was a predominance in the following variables: in low weight anthropometry: 11 men aged 13.2±1.0, weight 42.5±7.9 kg, height 1.54±0.08 m, BMI 17.6±1.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.5±3.7 cm, hip circumference 82.1±5.9 cm and WHR 0.85±0.05. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 showed partially inadequate and inadequate eating habits. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 had a regular and low level of physical activity. In internalizing problems: abnormal emotional symptoms (12.24%) in women aged 13 and in men aged 14. Social withdrawal: borderline level (12.24%) in women aged 12 and in men aged 13. In externalizing: abnormal behavior problems (16.32%) in women aged 12 and 14, normal hyperactivity (16.32%) in women aged 12. On the abnormal prosocial scale (18.36%) in women aged 12 and 14. In the level of depression: 14.29% at 14 years of age in men was mild. In normal weight, adolescents with internalizing problems represented 24.49% in women aged 14 and externalizing problems in underweight adolescents was 20.41% in men aged 14 as well. Conclusions: The highest frequency was evident in adolescents with low weight, abnormal emotional symptoms, borderline social withdrawal, abnormal prosocial scale, normal weight adolescents at 14 years of age, women with internalizing problems, and low weight in men aged 14 with externalizing problems.