Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño del Plan Tarifario para la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable de Chibuleo San Francisco, parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato, basado en el análisis hidráulico técnico y económico del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-18) Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThis research was conducted at the Drinking Water Management Board of Chibuleo San Francisco, located in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Ambato canton. It arose from the need for a technically supported tariff scheme to guarantee the economic, operational, and technical sustainability of the water supply system. The general objective was to design a tariff plan based on the hydraulic, technical, and economic analysis of the system. The methodology combined field, descriptive, and analytical research through the collection of operational data, user surveys, consumption pattern analysis, infrastructure evaluation, water balance, determination of water losses, and the structuring of administrative, operational, and investment costs. The results showed an average water allowance of 83.02 L/hab/day, a maximum hourly variation coefficient of 1.96, and a daily variation coefficient of 1.31, identifying critical demand periods that condition network operations. Furthermore, a high service coverage was determined, with 95% of users receiving a permanent supply, and the need to strengthen loss control mechanisms and optimize the management of non-revenue water was identified. The economic analysis established the real costs of service provision and incorporated criteria of efficiency, solidarity, and cost recovery. The proposed tariff structure, organized by categories and consumption blocks, demonstrated financial viability, ensuring the coverage of administration, operation, maintenance, and investment costs. It was concluded that integrating the hydraulic diagnosis with the economic evaluation constitutes an effective tool to improve community drinking water management, promote the efficient use of the resource, and ensure system sustainability, while also serving as a replicable methodology for other rural supply systems.Item Diagnóstico y Formulación de un Plan Integral de Operación y Mantenimiento Preventivo de los Sistemas de Drenaje Pluvial en la Red Vial Intercantonal de la Provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-13) Sailema Díaz David Santiago; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras HidráulicasThis work presents a technical diagnosis and a comprehensive operation and preventive maintenance plan aimed at preserving the hydraulic and structural functionality of stormwater drainage systems located in seven prioritized intercantonal road sections of the province of Cotopaxi. The research focused on the Salcedo–Latacunga, Latacunga–Pujilí, Saquisilí–Poaló, Poaló–Pujilí, Saquisilí– Guaytacama, Saquisilí–Tanicuchí, and Guaytacama–Toacaso road sections, covering a total of 40.48 km. Since the information was obtained directly in the field without altering the actual conditions of the inspected elements, the research was conducted with a quantitative, applied, and non-experimental design. Photographic records, direct observation, spreadsheets for data processing, criticality matrices, and technical evaluation forms were used for this purpose. This facilitated the organization, comparison, and analysis of the operational status of culverts, ditches, and other elements related to road drainage. The results identify the most frequent deficiencies as sediment accumulation, partial or total blockages, crack formation, vegetation growth, and loss of hydraulic capacity. These conditions are related, in several cases, to the effects of water flow or its presence on the road surface, ultimately affecting both drainage function and road preservation. Based on this information, operating and maintenance percentages were established according to the type of element evaluated, in order to identify critical points and prioritize preventive and corrective actions in a more organized manner. As a result, a technical guide is presented, containing procedures, objectives, intervention frequencies, required personnel, resources, materials, equipment, units of measurement, and verification criteria. This tool aims to support institutional planning and the management of public assets, reducing premature deterioration of road infrastructure and promoting more sustainable maintenance. Furthermore, it offers practical guidance for making technical decisions, organizing periodic work schedules, and monitoring conditions that could compromise local road safety.Item Modelación hidrodinámica bidimensional para el diagnóstico espacial de la dispersión del contaminante en el río Anzu, cantón Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, provincia de Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-12) Aules Ojeda Lilian Lourdes; Paredes Beltrán Bolívar Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras HidráulicasHeavy metal contamination is one of the major threats to water resource quality in mining-influenced watersheds due to its persistence, mobility, and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior and spatial dispersion of lead (Pb) along a 1.78 km reach of the Anzu River to evaluate the influence of hydraulic dynamics on contaminant transport and to provide scientific information for water resource management. The study integrated hydrological modeling using HEC-HMS and two-dimensional hydraulic modeling with HEC-RAS 2D, coupled with an advection–dispersion model to simulate lead transport. Design discharges were estimated for return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years, yielding flow rates of 159.4 m³/s, 188.6 m³/s, and 216.8 m³/s, respectively. Spatial variations in flow velocity, water depth, and lead concentration were evaluated and complemented by an environmental impact zoning analysis. The results demonstrated a progressive decrease in Pb concentration in the downstream direction, governed by advection, dispersion, dilution, and sedimentation processes. The simulated lead concentration at the model inflow point was 0.000159 mg/L, representing an approximate 99.12% reduction compared with the value reported in 2021 (0.018 mg/L). The spatial zoning identified river sections with different levels of environmental impact, leading to the conclusion that river hydrodynamics control contaminant transport and that the cessation of mining activities does not ensure the immediate recovery of water quality due to the persistence of lead within the fluvial system. Based on these findings, the implementation of an integrated hydrological, hydraulic, and water quality management tool based on HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS is proposed to strengthen the monitoring and management of lead (Pb) contamination in the Yurasyacu–Anzu river system.Item Análisis comparativo de pavimentos flexibles y rígidos en la vía ambato-cevallos mediante metodologías aashto 93 y pca con el uso de material pétreo de la cantera el salvador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-09) Morillo Pérez Kimberly Madelein; López Arboleda Alex Gustavo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilItem Influencia de aditivo aireante combinado con macrofibras de polipropileno en hormigones de alta resistencia frente al spalling(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-08) Yanzaguano Toainga Bryan Daniel; Navarro Peñaherrera Carlos Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis experimental study analyzes the influence of an air-entraining admixture (AEA) combined with polypropylene macrofibers on the behavior of high-strength concrete subjected to spalling under high temperatures. Seven mix designs (D1–D7) were developed with different air-entraining contents (0.03% and 0.07%) and fiber dosages (1 and 3 kg/m³), producing a total of 105 specimens exposed to temperatures of 20°C, 100°C, 300°C, 700°C, and 1200°C for 3 hours. The results showed that mass loss increases with temperature, reaching values of 20.2% in the control mix at 1200°C, while modified mixtures reduced this value to 11.2%, demonstrating improved thermal stability. Regarding compressive strength, an initial increase was observed at 100°C (up to 136%), followed by a proportional decrease at 300°C, and a significant reduction at 700°C, with values ranging between 21% and 32%. At 1200°C, mixes without fiber exhibited complete failure (0.00 MPa), whereas those incorporating fibers retained residual strength of up to 6.69 MPa. Additionally, spalling was more severe in conventional concrete, while mixtures with AEA and fibers showed reduced disintegration and cracking. It is concluded that their combination helps reduce internal vapor pressure, improve structural integrity, and enhance the residual strength of concrete under extreme thermal conditions.EItem Obtención y caracterización de bioplástico natural a partir de la hoja de tuna andina (Nopal) mediante (DOE - mezclas)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Flores Castro Germán Rafael; Paredes Salinas Juan Gilberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThe purpose of this research was to obtain and characterize a natural bioplastic made from Andean cactus pear (Nopal) leaves through a DOE-Mixture experimental design, as a biodegradable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. For the development of the study, cactus mucilage, starch, gelatin, glycerin, and vinegar were used, evaluating the influence of their proportions on the mechanical and biodegradable properties of the obtained material. The optimal method for mucilage extraction was established through washing, chopping, and soaking in water for 48 hours. Subsequently, by using statistical software and the DOEMixture design, 16 bioplastic formulations were developed, allowing the identification of the combinations with the best physical and mechanical characteristics. The prepared specimens were subjected to tensile tests under ASTM D638-14 standards and biodegradability tests under controlled and environmental conditions for 48 days. The results showed that certain formulations achieved competitive mechanical properties compared to commercial plastics, highlighting combination 4 for its higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Likewise, some formulations reached biodegradability rates above 90%, demonstrating significantly faster degradation than conventional plastics. The obtained results allowed concluding that the developed bioplastic has potential as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative for low mechanical demand applicationsItem Análisis del efecto de la velocidad de enfriamiento del acero ASTM A228, templado en agua, aceite y aire(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Pazmiño Lizano Marco Antonio; Espín Lagos Segundo Manuel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis work analyzes the effect of the cooling rate of ASTM A228 steel, quenched in water, SAE 20WS50 oil and air, evaluating its incidence on hardness and microstructure, with the purpose of providing useful information for the selection of the quenching medium in industrial applications. The methodology employed is quantitative, experimental, correlational and comparative, developed in the Metallography Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The procedure involved the preparation of 20 specimens distributed in four groups, the application of quenching through austenitization at 803 *C for 20 minutes in the three cooling media, followed by tempering at 260 *C for 35 minutes, the Rockwell C hardness test according to the ASTM El8 standard, and the microstructural analysis through metallographic preparation in accordance with ASTM E3 and ASTM E407 standards. The results show that the severity of the medium significantly influences the hardness and microstructure of the steel. Water quenching generated the highest hardness and a more refined microstructure, apparently compatible with tempered martensite; oil quenching produced intermediate values with a greater presence of the apparent microconstituent compatible with retained austenite; while air cooling generated a diffusive microstructure with lower hardness than that of the base state. The findings establish that water quenching is the most suitable alternative for applications requiring maximum hardness, while oil quenching offers a balance between hardness and reduction of the risk of distortionEl presente trabajo analiza el efecto de la velocidad de enfriamiento del acero ASTM A228, templado en agua, aceite SAE 20W50 y aire, evaluando su incidencia sobre la dureza y microestructura, con el propósito de aportar información útil para la selección del medio de temple en aplicaciones industriales. La metodología empleada es de tipo cuantitativo, experimental, correlacional y comparativo, desarrollada en el Laboratorio de Metalografía de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. El procedimiento contempló la preparación de 20 probetas distribuidas en cuatro grupos, la aplicación del temple mediante austenización a 803 °C durante 20 minutos en los tres medios de enfriamiento, seguido de revenido a 260 °C durante 35 minutos, el ensayo de dureza Rockwell C según la normativa ASTM E18 y el análisis microestructural mediante preparación metalográfica conforme a las normas ASTM E3 y ASTM E407. Los resultados evidencian que la severidad del medio influye significativamente en la dureza y la microestructura del acero. El temple en agua generó la mayor dureza y microestructura más refinada, aparente compatible con martensita revenida; el temple en aceite produjo valores intermedios con mayor presencia del microconstituyente aparente compatible con austenita retenida; mientras que el temple en aire generó una microestructura difusiva de menor dureza que la del estado base. Los hallazgos establecen que el temple en agua resulta la alternativa más apta para aplicaciones que requieren máxima dureza, mientras que el temple en aceite ofrece equilibrio entre dureza y reducción del riesgo de distorsiónItem Diseño de una máquina con movimiento radial para corte de tubos con capacidad de hasta 10 pulgadas de diámetro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Toscano Alulema Franklin Anibal; Escobar Luna Luis Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis thesis focuses on the design of a machine with radial movement for cutting metal tubes up to 10 inches in diameter, aimed at strengthening the Ecuadorian metalworking industry through locally developed solutions. The relevance of this work lies in the growing need for companies and the industry to have precision equipment that reduces dependence on imported machinery, optimizes manufacturing processes, and enhances the competitiveness of workshops, small enterprises, and medium-sized industries. This research is positioned within the field of mechanical design and industrial machinery development, implementing principles of plasma cutting and fatigue failure analysis. The methodology is structured in several stages: a literature review, a comparative analysis of different cutting technologies, conceptual design, and computer-aided design (CAD). The calculation reports allow for evaluating bending stresses and determining the required safety factors on the shafts, ensuring that mechanical components do not fail under real operational loads, even when accounting for variations, unforeseen conditions, or fatigue.Item Diseño de un sistema de pistolas Dumming para un sistema Jig de la línea de producción Shineray X30, para la empresa Ciudad Del Auto Ciauto Cia.Ltda basado en un análisis de factibilidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Mayorga Ortiz Esteban Alejandro; Vargas Tello José Ignacio; Carrillo Rosero Carlos Mauricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis project was carried out at Ciudad del Auto CIAUTO CÍA. LTDA., specifically on the Shineray X30 body production line, where it was identified that the spot welding process at the side panel and floor assembly station was performed manually, resulting in operational limitations related to non-productive time, restricted accessibility to the work area, operator overexertion, and elevated cycle times within the station. In order to optimize this process, a semi-automated system of self-actuated Dummy welding guns was designed and implemented, integrated into the existing production JIG while considering the geometric, structural, pneumatic, electrical, and quality requirements demanded by the automotive industry. The applied methodology combined field, bibliographic, and experimental methods, allowing the analysis of the station’s real operational behavior, the development of tower-type support structures for the precise positioning of the welding guns, and the technical validation of the system under actual operating conditions. The implementation significantly reduced direct operator intervention in hard-to-access areas, particularly on the underside of the vehicle body, while also reducing the process cycle time from 16 minutes and 23 seconds to 2 minutes and 26 seconds, maintaining a 100% acceptance rate of the weld spots according to the criteria established by the AWS D8.1M/D8.1 standard and the company’s internal quality requirements. Furthermore, the results demonstrated operational savings of approximately 111.96 man-hours per month, enabling the redistribution of human resources to higher-demand production lines without increasing operational workload. From a production perspective, the daily manufacturing capacity increased from an average of 12 to 14 units, representing an approximate 16.67% increase in productivity while maintaining the same number of operators. Finally, the technical-economic analysis determined that the proposed system is both operationally viable and financially feasible, since the improvements in productivity, reduction of non-productive times, and optimization of human resources contribute to a progressive return on investment throughout the estimated service life of the implemented system.Item Diseño termodinámico del proceso de deshidratación de frutas y hortalizas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Guevara Guzmán Bryan Steven; Espín Lagos Segundo Manuel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaFood dehydration is one of the most widely used preservation methods today, as it reduces moisture content, extends product shelf life, and minimizes post-harvest economic losses. In this context, the objective of this project was to develop the thermodynamic design of the dehydration process for fruits and vegetables using forced hot air, taking tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as the case study. The project was developed through a comprehensive literature review on the principles of heat and mass transfer applied to food drying. In addition, a comparative analysis of existing dehydration technologies was conducted in order to select the most suitable alternative. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of tomato, the psychrometric conditions of the city of Ambato, and the operational characteristics of the dehydrator used as design reference were determined. The collected information enabled the thermodynamic calculations required to establish operating parameters such as drying temperature, loading capacity, energy transfer, and air circulation conditions. Based on these variables, drying curves were developed as a function of time, allowing the description of the fruit's moisture removal behavior. As a result, a design methodology applicable to forced hot-air dehydration systems was established, serving as a technical reference for future applications in the processing and preservation of fruits and vegetables, while promoting the efficient utilization of agricultural products through technologies characterized by simple implementation and operational control.