Carrera de Biotecnología

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Análisis de la actividad antioxidante de un microencapsulado de Mangiferina extraída de la cáscara del mango (Mangifera Indica L.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Navarro Otavalo, Juan Eduardo; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Mango peel, a by-product of mango processing, has been identified as a valuable source of polyphenols. As such, research on the extraction of mangiferin-rich phenolic compounds from this waste peel is of great interest. The mangiferin has attracted scientific attention due to its various applications in health, nutrition and cosmetics, especially for its and cosmetics, especially for its antioxidant capacity. The extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out through response surface methodology, using dehydration, crushing, and infusion with a water-ethanol mixture at various concentrations for different time intervals. The determination of the total polyphenol content (TPC) was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, achieving a TPC of 93.5928 mg GAE per gram of dry base, with a concentration of 70 percent ethanol. The identification of mangiferin was carried out with UV-Vis and infrared spectrophotometry. The microencapsulation, using a water-extract-maltodextrin mixture, showed an efficiency of 95,146 with a total solids content of 30 percent. The radical inhibition capacity was evaluated by means of the DPPH method, obtaining promising antioxidant promising percentages of antioxidant capacity: 88.373 per cent for the crude extract and 43.165 per cent for the microencapsulated extract. In summary, this study concludes that the microencapsulation process not only overcomes the limitations associated with polyphenols, but also contributes significantly to the increase of the free radical scavenging capacity, highlighting the potential of mango peel in various industrial applications.
Determinación de componentes fenólicos y antioxidantes en harina de papa china (Colocasia esculenta) y zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Silva Aldaz, Melanie Carolina; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
Currently, a public health problem is the simultaneous presence of malnutrition and overweight, 11 percent of children under 5 years of age in Latin America and the Caribbean present serious malnutrition problems and 7 percent present overweight problems, in Ecuador it has been evidenced the tendency to suffer from malnutrition and overweight, This is directly related to the current diets, which are rich in fats, sugar and salt, therefore, this work focused on determining and highlighting the phenolic compounds present in Andean crops such as the Chinese Potato and White Carrot and determining their antioxidant capacity. Flour is one of the main products in the food area, therefore, the phenolic compounds present in flour of Chinese Potato and White Carrot were determined by HPLC UV VIS analysis and the antioxidant capacity of these food matrices was determined by DPPH assay, where malonic acid, protocatechuic acid, hexoxide ferulic acid, gallic acid, 3- O-caffeoylquinic acid, rutin, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quinol, quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid and p-coumaric acid were identified, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, which are considered nutraceuticals of great importance as they have great health benefits, especially for the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes II, heart disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome, thanks to their antioxidant properties, obtaining an inhibition percentage of DPPH radicals of 24.29 percent for the white carrot flour and 18.61 percent for the Chinese potato flour.
Determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante de los extractos de la planta sunfo (Clinopodium nubigenum) frente a cepas de Staphylococcus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Chiriboga Cordones, Juan Fernando; De la Torres Olvera, Helena Maritza
Foodsborne illnesses cause symptoms such as: diarrehea, vomiting and stomach pains; the treatment is the use of antibiotics such as: cephalosporins, penicillin and aminoglycosides. Due to the bad use, resistance has occurred to bacteria such as: E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, among others. In the present investigation, the bacteria used was S. aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), obtained in cheeses from markets in the City of Ambato, where searched for an alternative to the use of antibiotics through antimicrobial tests and its relationship with the antioxidant activity. For this purpose, an extract of the Sunfo (C. nubigenum) was obtained, where its main components are polyphenols such as: flavonoids and phenolic acids. Through the Soxhlet method, secondary metabolites were obtained together with the solvent ethanol. The identification of the bacteria was realized on Salted Mannitol Agar, a yellow colour indicated the presence of S. aureus and a red colour indicated the presence of CoNS. For the antimicrobial test, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were used together with the resazurin indicator, observing a change in coloration; for antioxidant activity, a colorimetric assay was realized with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Finally, it was determined that the C. nubigenum extract presented antimicrobial properties, due to the inhibition of the S. aureus and CoNS species, verifying the colour change with the MIC and MBC test. Likewise, the evaluated extract presented antioxidant properties by reading absorbances between DPPH and the extract.
Determinación del efecto antioxidante y antimicrobiano de extractos de diferentes tipos de ortiga (Urtica dioica, Urtica urens, Urtica leptophylla, Urera baccifera) frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes y Bacillus cereus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Mariño Manzano, Kevin Daniel; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Medicinal plants have become a hope for the development of alternative medicines, for this reason, the WHO promotes the study of medicines based on plant sources, since they frequently generate few side effects, minimal toxicity and combat antimicrobial resistance. The Urticaceae family has a high index of bioactive molecules. This research focuses on evaluating the biological activity of hydroalcoholic (EtOH) and methanolic (MtOH) extracts from four nettle species. Initially, the extraction was carried out, which yielded variable yields, highlighting the MtOH of U. dioica corresponding to 2.487 percent as the best result. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the DPPH technique, all the extracts present considerable antioxidant activity, however, the MtOH of U. baccifera inhibited an equivalent to 435.80 micromoles of Trolox per liter. The quantification of total phenols was measured by the Folin Ciocalteu assay, which demonstrated that EtOHs exceed MtOHs. The hydroalcoholic extraction of U. dioica showed a higher amount of phenolic compounds (87,840 milligrams of gallic acid per gram). The antimicrobial activity was estimated by the microdilution method in 96-well plates based on resazurin, with which the MIC and MBC were determined. The extracts that inhibited at a lower concentration were: MtOH from U. baccifera and U. urens to E. coli and B.cereus, EtOH from U. urens and U. dioica to S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, respectively. In conclusion, the analyzed plant extracts have considerable biological activity.
Evaluación de compuestos bioactivos con actividad antioxidante presentes en las hojas de espinaca (Spinacia oleracea) provenientes de residuos de la Plaza San Jacinto ubicada en la parroquia Izamba, cantón Ambato, provincia Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Vayas Ambuludi, Edison Santiago; Fernández Rivero, Danae
The use of medicinal plants to alleviate and treat diseases or conditions has increased considerably in recent years, being recognized by international organizations as complementary medicine. The present study is focused on the reuse of leftover spinach as a source of obtaining bioactive compounds, which are carotenoids and total phenols considered as antioxidant agents, which present a positive benefit for health. The optimal extraction conditions were evaluated through an experimental design where postharvest time (week 1 and 2) and extraction time (30 and 60 minutes) were taken into account, where the optimal value was 20.057 percent in week 1 in a time of 60 minutes. The concentration of total carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometry whose optimal value was 137.109 micrograms per gram, in week 1 in a time of 60 minutes. On the other hand, the content of total phenols was evaluated by the Folin Ciocalteu method applying a standard curve of gallic acid (GAE) whose optimal value was 26.8307 milligrams GAE in week 2 in a time of 30 minutes. Finally, the antioxidant activity was determined using a trolox standard calibration curve where a value of 480,850 micromol of trolox per grams was obtained for week 1 in a time of 60 minutes. Therefore, the present investigation demonstrated that spinach contains bioactive compounds, that with the passage of postharvest time its antioxidant activity decreases.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos de Aloysia citrodora (Cedrón) y Prunus serotina (Capulí) en Andamios biológicos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Gavilanes Suárez, Jonathan André; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a disease caused by obstruction of blood flow, due to factors such as oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In certain cases, tissue transplants are required, so tissue engineering (TE) proposes possible alternatives for their treatment, such as the application of biological scaffolds (BSs) with antioxidants. This study focused on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts of Aloysia citrodora (cedrón) and Prunus serotina (capulí) in BSs. Extracts were obtained by maceration and the content of phenols and flavonoids was quantified. By inhibiting DPPH, its antioxidant activity was calculated and a combination of extracts was made. The best combination of extracts was incorporated in the preparation of BSs. To check the antioxidant activity in BS, FT-IR was performed in addition to a DPPH test. Morphological and physical properties were also evaluated by SEM, mechanical tests and permeability. The yield percentages in obtaining extracts were 11.34 for lemon verbena and 12.32 for capulí. The combination of extracts in a 7:3 ratio for capulí:cedron presented an increase in the percentage of inhibition of free radicals compared to pure extracts. The addition of the extract in ABs increased the inhibition percentage to 70.17. Its incorporation into BSs allows the presence of ROS to be reduced. This shows that BS with extract has the potential to be applied in TE for the development of endothelial tissue and combat IHD.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de las cremas elaboradas a base del extracto de hojas y raíces de Plantago major L y Buddleja globosa
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Chicaiza Coba, Sebastián Nicolás; Fernández Rivero, Danae
The present study highlights the importance of evaluating the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts, specifically from matico (Buddleja globosa) and plantain (Plantago major) leaves, due to their potential application in the pharmaceutical industry and in the formulation of dermocosmetics. These extracts represent a rich source of phenolic compounds, known to combat oxidative stress, prevent premature skin aging and promote skin health. To obtain the extracts, the maceration method was used, followed by the quantification of the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and total tannins (TTC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the DPPH method for both the extracts and a dermocosmetic cream. The results obtained showed TPC values of 15,930, 9,209, 2,400 and 2,682 mg GAE per g, while TFC values were 2,577, 2,319, 0.358 and 0.657 mg QE per g. TTC values reached 10,770, 7,944, 1,423 and 3,331 mg TAE per g, corresponding to matico and plantain leaves and roots. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the extracts presented values of 12,463 and 11,070 micromoles ET per g, while the cream showed a content of 7,694 micromoles ET per g. These results highlight the potential of matico leaf as a promising natural resource for developing dermocosmetic products with antioxidant properties, establishing a solid foundation for future research and innovative applications in this field.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de polifenoles microencapsulados obtenidos a partir de la cáscara de plátano (Musa paradisiaca)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Montoya López, Camila Victoria; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Polyphenolic compounds contain a high antioxidant capacity, which has made them substances of great interest. In Ecuador, there is a large agricultural production of plantain (Musa paradisiaca), but its peels are not used and are only discarded. In this study, we sought to make the most of the plantain peels, determined the best extraction conditions and microencapsulated the polyphenols to analyze their antioxidant activity. With the best ethanol concentration of 30 percent, the influence of the plant material: solvent volume ratio was studied, using ratios of 1:20 and 1:25 and extraction times of 30 and 60 minutes, with the result that the best conditions were 1:25 at a time of 30 minutes. The microencapsulation process was carried out by spray drying at an inlet temperature of 150 degrees Celsius and outlet at 90 degrees Celsius. Maltodextrin was used as polymeric matrix and the microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the DPPH method was used, where an inhibition percentage of 82.28 percent was obtained for the extract and 28.50 percent for the microencapsulation.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante in vitro de la combinación de extractos etanólicos de Marco (Ambrosia arborescens), Quishuar (Buddleja incana) y Cedrón (Aloysia citrodora)
(2024-02) Jaque Pavón, Alison Paola; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by the high amount of glucose present in the blood, causing hyperglycemia in the patient. One of the factors involved in the progressive development and complications of the disease is the cellular damage produced by the excess of free radicals present in the body. Plants present a great variety of biological properties, conferred by the compounds they possess, such as antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity, given mainly by phenols and flavonoids present in the plant matrix. Therefore, these molecules are studied as alternatives in the treatment of hyperglycemia. This study evaluates the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of four combinations of ethanolic extracts of Marco, Quishuar and Cedron. Phenols and flavonoids were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride method. Then, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by the DPPH method and enzymatic assays with α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The combination with the highest biological activity was microencapsulated with maltodextrin and a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic. The Marco-Quishuar (MQ) and Quishuar-Cedron (QC) combinations presented a higher content of the mentioned metabolites. The MQ combination presented a greater inhibition of the DPPH radical and of the α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes; therefore, this combination was microencapsulated. By means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the efficiency of the microencapsulation was analyzed. Finally, the combination without microencapsulation exhibited better biological activity.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante e hipoglucémica in vitro de extractos de Marco (Ambrosia arborescens), Quishuar (Buddleja incana), Cedrón (Aloysia citrodora) y Capulí (Prunus serotina)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Cunalata Lascano, Erick Bladimir; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects a long part of de world population. The main symptom of diabetes is high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which triggers an imbalance in the body, producing secondary pathologies associated with oxidative stress generated by this metabolic dissorder. This research project aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity of Marco, Quishuar, Cedrón and Capulí leaves. The extracts were obtained through maceration and infusion, yielding between 10.3 percent and 18.30 percent, the phytochemical profile of each plant species was characterized through qualitative tests to determine the presence or absence of metabolites such as, alkaloids, reducing carbohydrates, coumarins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, resins, free ammonium acids, and antocyanins. Quantitative determinations of total phenols and flavonoid content were also conducted. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the free radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), resulting in the percentages of free radical inhibition between 65.40 percent and 84.61 percent. Furthermore, the alpha-amylase inhibition assay was performed to determine de hypoglycemic capacity, with inhibition percentages ranging from 19.35 percent to 48.95 percent. This study results can serve as basis for future research focused on using medicinal plants to create pharmaceutical formulations as an alternative treatment for hyperglycemia caused by diabetes.This study results can serve as basis for future research focused on using medicinal plants to create pharmaceutical formulations as an alternative treatment for hyperglycemia caused by diabetes.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante e hipoglucémica in vitro de extractos de Marco (Ambrosia arborescens), Quishuar (Buddleja incana), Cedrón (Aloysia citrodora) y Capulí (Prunus serotina)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Jara Irigoya, Jonathan David; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects a long part of de world population. The main symptom of diabetes is high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which triggers an imbalance in the body, producing secondary pathologies associated with oxidative stress generated by this metabolic dissorder. This research project aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity of Marco, Quishuar, Cedrón and Capulí leaves. The extracts were obtained through maceration and infusion, yielding between 10.3 percent and 18.30 percent, the phytochemical profile of each plant species was characterized through qualitative tests to determine the presence or absence of metabolites such as, alkaloids, reducing carbohydrates, coumarins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, resins, free ammonium acids, and antocyanins. Quantitative determinations of total phenols and flavonoid content were also conducted. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the free radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), resulting in the percentages of free radical inhibition between 65.40 percent and 84.61 percent. Furthermore, the alpha-amylase inhibition assay was performed to determine de hypoglycemic capacity, with inhibition percentages ranging from 19.35 percent to 48.95 percent. This study results can serve as basis for future research focused on using medicinal plants to create pharmaceutical formulations as an alternative treatment for hyperglycemia caused by diabetes.This study results can serve as basis for future research focused on using medicinal plants to create pharmaceutical formulations as an alternative treatment for hyperglycemia caused by diabetes.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de carotenoides microencapsulados a partir de los residuos de la naranjilla (Solanum quitoense)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Sailema Criollo, Anthony Erick; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The percentage of food waste has due to the fact that companies do not correctly use the entire product. Consequently, research has been carried out in order to take advantage of these waste, highlighting naranjilla for its high nutritional content, particularly carotenoids, a bioactive compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties capable of preventing various diseases. In the present study, carotenoid extraction was performed out at different plant material/solvent ratios and extraction times. A statistical analysis was then applied to optimize the two factors, obtaining a concentration of 2,287 mg per liter. Next, it was microencapsulated with a polymeric combination of gum arabic and maltodextrin. Subsequently, the microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated qualitatively by FT-IR and quantitatively with 91,74 percent efficiency. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, achieving an inhibition percentage of 63,00 and 49,52 for the extract and the microencapsulate, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated with an inhibition percentage of 56,42 for the extract and 41,42 in the microencapsulated. The results obtained indicate that the higher the concentration of carotenoids in the sample, the better results will be achieved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to take advantage of the residues of naranjilla with a high content of carotenoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in new products of industrial interest.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de extractos obtenidos de Scenedesmus sp.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Abril Ibarra, Zulay Alejandra; Fernández Rivero, Danae
Growing interest for replacing synthetic molecules with natural ones has increased the demand of biological sources; it has been used like mainly source the plants; however, the microalgae represent a highly competitive strategy. Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms, which are easily of culture and scale. The present investigation is focused on the study of the bioactivities of Ecuadorian Scenedesmus sp. to give information about its potential like source of bioactive natural molecules. The culture of microalgae was done with a low-cost medium elaborated using BASFOLIAR (10:4:7) fertilizer and water, and the culture was exposed to continuous illumination. The hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from Scenedesmus sp. were characterized with quantitative essays for total phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The high concentration of these metabolites was achieved with the extract obtained with ethanol:water 80:20 (volume:volume percentage). The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and inhibition of denaturalization of albumin assay, respectively. Like the best results for the bioactivities were obtained 6,37 micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry weight and 41,40 percent of imbibition of DPPH radical capacity and 38,42 percent of imbibition of albumin denaturation capacity, both for the hydroethanolic extract rich in bioactive compounds.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de las flores de Spartium junceum
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Solis Mayorga, Erick Xavier; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
In rural areas of developing countries, traditional medicine is used as the only treatment for illnesses, since it is difficult for them to go to a hospital or because they cannot afford to buy the medicines. Traditional medicine has been found to have an endless number of benefits such as antivirals, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of S. junceum flowers. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction and maceration with 96 percent and 70 percent ethanol, the extract by Soxhlet with 70 percent ethanol had the highest yield of 14.01 percent with a standard deviation of 3.64. The qualitative determination of secondary metabolites was developed by phytochemical assays and metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and quinones were identified in different concentrations; and to verify the presence of these, infrared spectrophotometry was also performed. The antioxidant capacity was performed with the DPPH technique, where the Soxhlet extract with 70 percent ethanol obtained the highest antioxidant activity of 76.72 percent with a standard deviation of 0.01. Finally, the extracts were evaluated in the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation, the highest inhibition of 76.55 percent with a standard deviation 0.05 corresponded to the Soxhlet extraction with 96 percent ethanol.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de un extracto que contiene carotenoides obtenido a partir de Capsicum annuum en dos diferentes estados de madurez
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Chinchero Betancourt, Abigail Micaela; Fernández Rivero, Danae
The study of natural bioactive components, especially carotenoids, is of great interest in the scientific community due to the beneficial effects they have on human health and disease prevention. Carotenoids are liposoluble pigments that in C. annuum. fruits are responsible for the specific coloration depending on the stage of maturity. There is epidemiological evidence that demonstrates their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which is why they are competitive against antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules of synthetic origin. Ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Capsicum annuum., were obtained at two different stages of maturity (100 percent mature and a stage between 40-60 percent mature) and using ethanol solvent at 3 different concentrations (70, 80 and 96 percent). The stage of maturity was determined based on the CIELAB colorimetric scale. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the percentage of inhibition, using the Trolox compound as a reference. And finally, anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the percentage inhibition of albumin at specific concentrations. The results obtained indicate that the higher the degree of maturity, the greater the color intensity and the higher the concentration of carotenoids. The best extract was obtained with fruit at 100 percent maturity and with ethanol at a concentration of 96 percent, the total content was 225.18 milligrams of carotenoids per gram of dry weight. The higher the concentration of carotenoids, the higher the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de la hoja y fruto del mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) frente a bacterias patógenas (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Guamán Poaquiza, Edith Johanna; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
The resistance of multiresistant bacteria to antibiotics is a global health problem, which has generated various infectious diseases transmitted by contaminated food. Therefore, the OMS promotes innovation and research of new sources that counteract this problem. For this reason, this research project aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of V. floribundum Kunth and the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. First, ethanolic extracts were obtained, resulting in yields of 11,189 and 41,163 percent of leaf and fruit extract, respectively. The qualitative determination of secondary metabolites was developed through phytochemical assays and metabolites were obtained such as: flavonoids and tannins in the leaf and flavonoids, tannins, phenols and diterpenes in the fruit. The antioxidant capacity with the DPPH technique was performed, where 86,422 and 27,930 percent of the leaf and fruit were obtained. Finally, the agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The inhibition halos in the leaf extract were: L. monocytogenes (20,667 mm), S. aureus (17,833 mm), B. cereus (18,500 mm) and E. coli (13,667 mm) and in the fruit extract: L. monocytogenes (14,000 mm), S. aureus (11,667 mm), B. cereus (11,500 mm) and E. coli (9,833 mm). The best percentage of inhibition was of S. aureus with 89 and 38,4 percent of the leaf and fruit with Vancomycin and with Gentamicin L. monocytogenes obtained 68,3 and 35 percent of the extract of the leaf and fruit.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el tiempo de vida útil de un extracto obtenido a partir de la mora (Rubus glaucus)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Culqui Arcos, Evelyn Johanna; Fernández Rivero, Danae
In recent years, interest innatural products has increased considerably, thanks to their therapeutic properties, especially their antioxidant activity. Among these products are extracts, which can be obtained from red fruits. However, to ensure their quality, it is crucial to determine their shelf life. An outstanding example of red fruits rich innatural antioxidants with phenolic compounds is the blackberry (Rubus glaucus). In this study, blackberry extracts were obtained using a two-factor experimental design, in which ethanol concentration and extraction time were evaluated. The phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, where the results identified as the best treatment the one that presented the highest phenolic content, reaching 62.594 milligram equivalents of gallic acid per gram of dry weight, under an ethanol concentration of 50 percent and an extraction time of 20 minutes. In addition, its antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method, obtaining an inhibition percentage of 90.544 percent. Similarly, a value of 161.003 equivalent micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry weight was recorded. Finally, the stability of the extract was analyzed for 30 days and a shelf life of 33.6540 days when stored in amber glass bottles was established using the Minitab statistical tool with a confidence level of 95 percent. Its behavior followed a first-order kinetic model, with a rate constant of 0.0031 days.
Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de los residuos de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Mendoza García, Damaris Katiusca; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Tamarindus indica is a fruit widely used in the production of various commercial products, generating a large amount of agroindustrial waste per year. Tamarind seeds represent a source for obtaining bioactive compounds of interest such as polyphenols. The present study seeks to take advantage of these wastes by determining the optimal conditions for extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenols to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. The influence of extraction time and solvent concentration on obtaining polyphenols was studied. The best extraction conditions were at a solvent concentration of 53 percent for a time of 80 minutes, providing a polyphenol content of 516.521 mg GAE per gram of plant material. Spray-drying microencapsulation using maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent evidenced a percentage efficiency of 87.066 percent. The efficiency of microencapsulation was also evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The DPPH method was applied to establish the antioxidant potential of the extract and microencapsulation, reaching values of 80.085 percent and 48.916 percent, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was determined through the percentage of inhibition of the denaturation of egg albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), obtaining inhibition percentages in each of the concentrations studied. The results obtained in this research show the potential of tamarind residuals with biological activities and their possible application in different industries.
Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de un extracto obtenido a partir de la seda de maíz (Zea mays)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Ulpo Galarza, Nayeli Narcisa; Fernández Rivero, Danae
The lack of knowledge of the bioactive properties of agroindustrial residues represents a potential waste of valuable natural resources. In Ecuador, around 1.38 million tons of corn are produced annually, equivalent to millions of kilograms of silk, a by-product discarded during corn harvesting. Faced with this challenge, new alternatives have been explored for using corn silk native to the Sierra region as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. In this study, silk extracts were obtained from a three-factor experimental design, where ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent mass to volume ratio were evaluated. The phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the treatment with 70 percent ethanol for 30 minutes and a mass and solvent volume ratio of 1 in 30 was established as the extract with the highest phenolic content of 69,903 milligram gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight. The antioxidant capacity of the best extract was evaluated by DPPH assay, where 71.185 percent inhibition was obtained. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed using the albumin denaturation assay, where the inhibition showed percentages from 14.988 to 54.787. The analyses carried out revealed that corn silk contains a significant amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that this agro-industrial waste could be valorized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetological industry, in order to promote the use of natural resources.
Evaluación de la vida útil de microencapsulados de carotenoides provenientes de desechos agroindustriales de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) en la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Silva Manjarres, Caroline Estefania; Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, a large amount of agro-industrial waste (peels) of tree tomatoes is generated. The peels contain compounds of interest such as carotenoids, which are a source of provitamin A and have antioxidant activity. For this reason, their study has increased to treat different conditions. Three batches of extract were made with a concentration of 0.62 milligrams per liter and the extraction efficiency was 16.84 milligrams per kilogram. The microencapsulation was prepared with concentrated extract, polymers and distilled water using the mini–Spray Dryer equipment. The microencapsulation efficiency was 95 percent, and the yield percentage was 64.87. The physicochemical characterization of the extract was carried out for 15 days, using a moisture balance, the TSS was between 1.90 and 1.43 percent, pH was 4.63 and carotene concentration was between 0.56 and 0.66 milligrams per liter. The characterization of the microencapsulates was evaluated for 30 days for three batches generated, having a pH of 4.29 and a moisture percentage of less than 3. The antioxidant activity yielded values of 40.03 and 38 percent inhibition of DPPH of the extract and the microencapsulates, respectively, equivalent to 223.09 and 211.836 micro mol per liter of Trolox. The predicted shelf life was 37 days for the extracts and 74 days for the microencapsulates. The present research extracted carotenoids from agroindustrial wastes and preserved them using microencapsulation, performing physicochemical characterization tests to verify the stability of both.