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IMPACTO DE LA EXPOSICIÓN TEMPRANA A PANTALLAS Y DISPOSITIVOS ELECTRÓNICOS EN EL DESARROLLO COGNITIVO Y PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS NIÑOS
(2025-06-13) Sánchez Benavides Gissela Lisett; Estrada Zamora Esmeralda Maricela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Due to the growth of digital technology, the time children spend in front of
screens has increased significantly. This situation has raised concerns about
the potential negative effects on their development. Therefore, the main
objective of this study is to analyze the impact of early exposure to screens
and electronic devices on the cognitive and psychosocial development of
children. Although screen expo-sure offers benefits such as greater educational
and social opportunities, it also entails significant risks, including disrupted
sleep patterns, language development issues, and lower academic performance.
The study’s methodology involved an exhaustive search of electronic
databases, selecting studies relevant to the topic.
The results reveal important negative consequences of excessive screen
use, such as poor sleep quality, reduced social interactions, and physical health
problems like obesity and headaches.
Recommendations from pediatric experts emphasize the importance of
limiting screen time and ensuring appropriate content, with active parental
involvement.
EFICACIA Y SEGURIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO CON DOLUTEGRAVIR EN LA TERAPIA DEL VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA
(2025-06-13) Salvatierra Andino, Jairo Andrés; Laguapillo Vergara, Alexandra del Rocio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for the largest epidemic
of this century, the first cases were diagnosed in the United States during the
1980s; Its advanced phase is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and
is characterized by a CD4 lymphocyte count, resulting in a depressed immune
system. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of
treatment with Dolutegravir in the management of HIV, considering its adverse
effects and specific clinical aspects. This is a bibliographic review of the literature
updated from January 2018 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and
ScieLO databases. Dolutegravir is an inhibitor of viral integrase, a critical enzyme
that catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the genome of host cells. Blocking
this enzyme prevents the virus from inserting into the DNA of human cells, which
stops viral replication. This effect reduces the viral load in the body and allows
the recovery and preservation of the patient's immune system. Dolutegravir has
strong clinical efficacy in addition to low rates of drug resistance and minor side
effects. In Conclusion Dolutegravir has shown superiority in viral suppression
compared to other established treatments, making it a preferred option in the
initial treatment of HIV. This medication is not only effective in achieving viral
suppression, but also facilitates the restoration of the immune system, with a
significant increase in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count.
CONSECUENCIAS DEL HIPOTIROIDISMO SUBCLÍNICO EN EL EMBARAZO
(2025-06-13) Salazar Barroso, Kerly Noelha; Silva Acosta, Jissela del Carmen; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The aim of the research was to understand the risks of subclinical hypothyroidism in
pregnancy and the need for treatment for adequate foetal development. A review of
scientific articles published from 2019 to 2024 in Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medigraphic
and PubMed platforms was carried out, obtaining 4960 articles related to the topic, using
inclusion criteria such as English and Spanish language articles published in the last 6
years of open access, excluding repeated research, documents not related to the
subject and without relevance, 18 articles relevant to the research were selected. It was
determined that during the gestation period in the mother there is an increase in thyroid
hormone requirements, which in some cases causes dysfunction resulting in the
development of subclinical hypothyroidism, which presents non-specific symptoms that
require early screening and sometimes the use of drugs with levothyroxine when TSH
values are greater than 4.0 mIU/L and sometimes requiring adjustments in the
postpartum period. Based on the information obtained, it is concluded that subclinical
hypothyroidism in pregnancy can cause serious complications such as pre-eclampsia,
anaemia, placental abruption, and in the case of the foetus, low birth weight. Early
detection and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce risks and optimise
outcomes, thus improving the quality of life for the mother and foetus.
COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LA ESTIMULACIÓN COCLEAR ÓPTICA Y EL IMPLANTE COCLEAR ELÉCTRICO EN PERSONAS CON PÉRDIDA AUDITIVA
(2025-06-13) Sailema Ullco, Jéssica Belén; Alfonso Morejón, Eduardo Arsenio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Hearing loss (PA) is considered a pathology present worldwide that significantly
affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it; Currently, the cochlear implant
(CI) is the only treatment of choice for profound to severe PA, since this
devicestimulates the spiral ganglion neurons (SNG) and they are capable of
partially restoring hearing; There are two types: the electrical cochlear implant
(ICE) converts sound into electrical pulses that reach the cochlea and stimulate
the spiral ganglion, giving the sensation of hearing in the absence of functional
hair cells, while the optical cochlear implant (ICO) stimulates the neuron through
light and uses the cochlear tonotopic organization, offering greater spectral
selectivity and therefore improves hearing in noisy environments and the
understanding of music. CIs are common interventions in children and adults with
AP. Just as it provides benefits, complications arise after implant placement.
Electrical stimulation is commonly used in this field, old but not of choice at the
moment, while optical stimulation is new but promising in the field of hearing.
Current cochlear implantation systems are effective in deaf people, since it is
possible to understand speech even over the telephone, although it still has
certain limitations, it is a sign to continue with research and go further.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE BIOMARCADORES PRECOCES PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENDOMETRIOSIS
(2025-06-13) Rodriguez Linares, Angie Ibeth; Bustillos Solorzano Marcos Edisson; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Endometriosis is a progressive gynecological disease characterized by the migration of
endometrial cells outside the uterus, associated with chronic inflammation and an uncertain
pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify early biomarkers for the diagnosis of
endometriosis through a systematic review of scientific literature. Following the PRISMA
methodology, research questions were formulated focusing on immunological and
angiogenesis aspects, the most relevant biomarkers under study, and the challenges in their
validation. An exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and
Web of Science, covering publications from 2018 to 2024. The results show that although
numerous potential biomarkers have been identified, including glycoproteins, inflammatory
cytokines, oxidative stress markers, growth factors, autoantibodies, miRNAs, and lncRNAs,
none have achieved adequate sensitivity and specificity for universal clinical use. The
heterogeneity of the disease and variability in studies hinder the implementation of a single
biomarker. However, the combination of multiple biomarkers could improve diagnostic
accuracy. In conclusion, the identification of early biomarkers is essential to develop non
invasive and effective diagnostic tools, transforming the clinical management of
endometriosis, reducing the need for invasive procedures, and allowing personalized
therapeutic interventions.
USO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS POLIMÉRICAS PARA GUIAR Y CONCENTRAR FÁRMACOS CONTRA EL PARKINSON
(2025-06-13) Ramos Barreno, José Luis; Barreno Sánchez, María José; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Parkinson's disease (PD), considered the most devastating disease worldwide
after Alzheimer's, is characterized by the progressive destruction of dopaminergic
neurons (DNN) in the central nervous system (CNS). It affects approximately 2%
of the general population. Motor symptoms (MS) and non-motor symptoms
(NMS) can be distinguished according to the degree of neuronal degeneration.
The main function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the targeted transport of
substances into the brain. PD is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of
α-synuclein, which causes neuronal death. This compilation of information based
on updated and scientifically based bibliographies published in medical scientific
journals has been carried out to inform updates on innovative treatments for PD,
since existing treatments are purely palliative. It is concluded that the use of
polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) is a system that is in clinical studies, but the
results are satisfactory, promising, and greatly reduce adverse effects. Polylacticco-glycolic acid (PLGA) is recommended for the manufacture of nanocapsules
incorporating chitosan and creating nanospheres that offer sustained drug
release and facilitate crossing the BBB.
REVISIÓN DEL MANEJO ACTUAL DEL PARTO EUTÓCICO CLÍNICO VS EL PARTO EUTÓCICO ANCESTRAL
(2025-06-13) Pico Solís, Vanessa Monserrath; Freire Montesdeoca, Jessica Mariana; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Until not so long ago, the birth of a child was a family and community event that
usually took place at home, with the protection and help of other trained women. Early
civilisations added innumerable cultural meanings to this event that have undergone various
transformations over the generations. Objective: To identify the management, risks and
complications of clinical euthyroid birth vs. ancestral euthyroid birth. Methodology: The review
proposes an investigation through a documentary analysis, under the observational-analytical
technique, in articles from the last 5 years. Results: The government, together with the Ministry
of Health and the entire medical field, has sought to implement ‘humanised childbirth’ in order
to maintain safe maternal-fetal harmony. Conclusion: It is important to identify the risks of
maternal and infant mortality associated with ancestral birth and to design interventions that
promote safe and evidence-based practices.
IMPACTO DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL COMO DESENCADENANTE DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON
(2025-06-13) Morales Villacis Karen Alexandra; Padilla Vinueza Verónica Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Years ago, it was believed that the gut microbiota only played a role in
the digestion process. Today, it is known that it has a crucial impact on
neurological health, to the extent that it has been associated with the
development of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this research work is
to analyze the role of the microbiota as a trigger for Parkinson's disease.
This is a review of the literature related to gut microbiota and Parkinson's
disease, which involved the collection and analysis of published
bibliography over the last five years in both English and Spanish, yielding
significantly relevant conclusions. Recent studies suggest that alterations in
microbiota composition influence inflammation and metabolism, contributing
factors to the progression of this disease. It is concluded that the
bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the
gut-brain axis, underscores the importance of microbiota in modulating the
central nervous system, as it initiates systemic inflammatory processes that
significantly influence the onset of Parkinson's disease.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL NÓDULO TIROIDEO EN LA ECOGRAFÍA 2D Y LA ELASTOGRAFÍA POR ULTRASONIDO PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE MALIGNIDAD
(2025-06-13) Minda Chafla, Sebastián Andrés; Erazo Beltrán, Lorena Bibiana; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Thyroid nodules are common findings, although only a small percentage are
malignant, with papillary carcinoma being the most frequent. Current
approaches include ul- trasound and FNA, with limitations in reducing
unneces- sary biopsies. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of
elastography as a complementary tool to differentiate between benign and
malignant lesions. An observational and analytical analysis was performed
based on previous studies that used elastography in strain and shear-wave
modalities, integrating it with classification systems such as ACR-TIRADS and
correlating it with histopathological findings. Results: Given the high incidence
of thyroid no- dules, it is essential to implement less invasive and more precise
strategies for their characterization, minimizing un- necessary risks and costs.
Elastography stands out for me- asuring tissue stiffness, a crucial factor in
identifying malig- nancy. Elastography shows high sensitivity and specificity; its
use is not standardized and depends on the operator’s experience. The results
confirm that, when combined with ultrasound and classification systems,
elastography optimi- zes the selection of nodules for biopsy, reducing unnecessary procedures and improving diagnosis. Elastography is a promising tool that,
with greater standardization and avai- lability, can transform the clinical
management of thyroid nodules.
REPARACIÓN DEL TEJIDO CARDIACO POSTINFARTO DE MIOCARDIO MEDIANTE TERAPIA INTRACORONARIA DE CÉLULAS MADRE: UN ANÁLISIS DE EFECTIVIDAD
(2025-06-13) Mallitasig Velasco, Bryan Bladimir; Andrade Alban, Noemí Rocío; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
This study evaluates the effectiveness of intracoronary stem cell therapy in
cardiac tissue regeneration after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Through a
systematic review of scientific literature published between 2017 and 2024,
clinical and preclinical trials obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus,
and Web of Science were analyzed, selecting studies that addressed clinical
outcomes related to ventricular function, myocardial remodeling, and therapeutic
safety. The results show moderate improvements in left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF) and a reduction in end-systolic volume in patients treated with
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC),
especially through paracrine mechanisms, immunomodulatory stimulation, and
angiogenesis. Although no significant changes were observed in major adverse
events or six-minute walk distance, a decrease in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
was reported. The discussion highlights the limitations associated with
methodological heterogeneity, cellular variability, and the lack of direct
comparisons between cell types. It is concluded that, despite the preliminary
benefits, more robust and standardized studies are needed to confirm efficacy,
optimize protocols, and ensure safety in clinical application.
XENOINJERTO DE PIEL DE TILAPIA COMO UNA ALTERNATIVA TERAPÉUTICA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE QUEMADURAS
(2025-06-13) Inuca De La Cruz, Deina Patricia; Guanuchi Quito, Franklin Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Burns are among the most common injuries worldwide, affecting millions of
people each year, with a high incidence in developing countries like Ecuador,
where access to conventional treatments is limited. In this context, tilapia skin
has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative for burn treatment, owing to
its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, as well as its high concentration
of type I and II collagen, which accelerates healing and reduces pain. This review
article examines the efficacy and safety of using tilapia skin as a temporary
xenograft for second-degree burns, comparing it to standard treatments such as
silver sulfadiazine. Through a systematic review of recent studies, it is concluded
that tilapia skin not only enhances re-epithelialization and reduces the frequency
of dressing changes, but also presents a cost-effective option, especially in lowresource settings. However, the need for further clinical trials and the
standardization of research methods is emphasized to validate its effectiveness
in other types of wounds and to establish precise clinical guidelines. With proper
validation and standardization, tilapia skin has the potential to become a
reference treatment in regenerative medicine, offering an accessible and
effective solution for burn management, particularly in resource-limited areas.
TERAPIA CON CÉLULAS MADRE MESENQUIMALES PARA REGENERAR Y REPARAR EL CARTÍLAGO DAÑADO EN LA ARTROSIS
(2025-06-13) Guanoluisa Andagua, Erika Elizabeth; Estrada Zamora, Esmeralda Maricela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial pathology that mainly affects older adults.
It is projected that by 2050 there will be 1.6 billion people in this age group, which makes the
development of a useful therapy for OA essential in its development. OA mainly affects
cartilage, damaging and weakening it, causing chronic pain, inflammation and a loss of quality
of life for the patient who suffers from it. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of new
therapies focused on cartilage regeneration, such as regenerative therapy with mesenchymal
cells (MSC) with the aim of being considered as an option in our country to treat these patients.
This is a systematic review of the bibliography, of a qualitative nature, of books and scientific
publications that have been published during the last 5 years in English and Spanish on therapy
with mesenchymal cells to regenerate and repair damaged cartilage in osteoarthritis. databases
such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO. MSCs are an innovative therapeutic
that still require more studies in order to provide the greatest therapeutic benefit in OA. The
most effective MSCs are autologous ones since they have lower rejection rates and greater
regenerative benefit. The best route of administration is localized as it specifically promotes
cellular benefits in the affected tissue.