Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Uso de las propiedades antimicrobianas del quitosano contra patógenos alimentarios(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Flores Barona, Joselyne Anabell; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella AlejandraThis study focuses on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan to combat foodborne pathogens present in fresh cheeses, a significant public health problem due to foodborne illnesses. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for numerous foodborne infections, highlighting the need for effective alternatives to synthetic preservatives. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan as an antimicrobial agent against these pathogens. The methodology included the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by microdilution and disc diffusion techniques. Chitosan solutions were prepared, and their effects on E. coli and S. aureus strains isolated from fresh cheeses were evaluated. The results showed that chitosan had an MIC of 165 micrograms per millilitre for E. coli and 10 micrograms per millilitre for S. aureus, indicating an increased susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, inhibition percentages of 62.5 percent for E. coli and 60 percent for S. aureus were observed. The most relevant findings suggest that chitosan is a promising natural preservative capable of inhibiting the growth of food pathogens, which could improve food safety and extend the shelf life of dairy products such as fresh cheeses without compromising their quality. Further studies are recommended to optimize its application in the food industry.Item Eficiencia del almidón de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) como agente encapsulante sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de la doxiciclina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aponte Urrutia, Kerly Anais; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoDoxycycline is an antibiotic of great interest in the health area, since it serves as a treatment for a variety of bacterial infections, but it has a drawback since it tends to degrade very easily at the time of its production, that is why new alternatives have been sought to preserve its bioactive components and protect it from contamination and even increase its bioavailability with the help of microencapsulation which is a technique that uses encapsulating materials such as natural polymers in order to generate greater effectiveness in encapsulation. For this, three suspensions were made with different proportions, using analysis techniques and verification of microencapsulation efficiency which were, performance analysis, statistical analysis, thermograms by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antimicrobial evaluation, which was carried out by means of antibiograms of diffusion disks in Müller Hinton agar, to determine the inhibition of the microencapsulate against the E. coli bacteria. Through the different analyses carried out, it was obtained that the best performance and inhibition halos were given in the proportion 20:80, in addition to this, through the thermograms it was possible to observe the melting peaks where it was also represented that the best curve was that of the proportion 20:80. This is thanks to the fact that with a higher polymeric load, the percentage of microencapsulation efficiency increases. This could also be observed with the help of an-ANOVA analysis, which allowed the most significant performance to be seen through statistical graphs.Item Caracterización de la celulosa bacteriana producida a través de combinaciones de Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM2004 y los consorcios PDC21 y PDC25(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Tiban Mullo, Bibiana Liseth; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraBacterial cellulose is a biopolymer of great commercial interest due to its high purity, high degree of crystallinity and superior mechanical properties compared to cellulose derived from vegetable sources. However, its high production cost has limited its use on an industrial scale. To reduce these costs, it is essential to explore techniques that optimize cellulose biosynthesis, such as the use of co-culture methods that increase the robustness of the production system and enhance the yield through synergistic interactions. In the present study, bacterial cellulose produced by combinations of a standard strain and the microbial consortia PDC21 and PDC25 was characterized, evaluating the production in co-cultures versus monocultures. Cellulose morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical composition by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and crystallinity was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the resulting fermentation broths were characterized to understand the differences between co-culture and monoculture productions. The co-culture treatments demonstrated higher cellulose yields compared to their monocultures. Although all treatments exhibited similar chemical characteristics, variability was observed in the morphology and crystallinity of the cellulose produced. Significant differences were also identified in the physical and chemical characteristics of the fermentation broths. This study evidenced the potential of bacterial co-cultures to improve cellulose production efficiency.Item Evaluación de la biodegradación y propiedades mecánicas de diferentes formulaciones de bioplástico obtenidas a partir del aprovechamiento de colágeno residual y almidón de papa (Solanum tuberosum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Miquinga Lasluisa, Cinthya Alejandra; Flores Tapia, Nelly EstherPlastic pollution is one of the most critical problems we face, as the population continues to prefer this material for its versatility in daily life. However, the accumulation of plastics causes serious problems in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, affecting all beings that inhabit them. In addition, poor waste management has similar repercussions. This study focused on evaluating the biodegradation and mechanical properties of a bioplastic made from biopolymers recovered from organic waste, such as starch and collagen. For the production of bioplastics, collagen and starch were extracted by thermal hydrolysis and the wet method. Different formulations were used, varying the concentrations of starch and collagen, and two plasticizers were used: polyvinyl alcohol and glycerin. The aim was to develop a rapidly degrading material with optimal mechanical strength characteristics. It was determined that the most efficient collagen extraction was achieved at 120 minutes, with the highest yield. The presence of glycerin increased the flexibility of the sheets, while polyvinyl alcohol gave them more rigidity. The sample with a 1:1 ratio of flesh collagen showed higher tensile strength compared to the others. In biodegradation tests, faster decay was observed in water than on land; On land, the sheets with flesh collagen degraded more quickly. Therefore, it can be deduced that sheets made with flesh collagen and wet blue have optimal characteristics for the manufacture of bioplastics.Item Obtención de nano-celulosa bacteriana utilizando hidrolizados de bagazo de caña y cáscara de cacao(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Sailema Sailema, Erick Fabricio; Fernández Rivero, DanaeCellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, and various applications in medicine and industry are being investigated. Most of it is found in plants (vegetable cellulose). However, the production of vegetable cellulose faces deforestation and costly purification processes problems. On the other hand, there are bacterial cellulose which has several advantages due to its characteristics; however, its production cost at industrial scale still exhibits problems. Therefore, use agro-industrial waste from cocoa and sugarcane as a carbon source to obtain bacterial cellulose presents a possible solution to the problem. Consequently, it was proposed to evaluate hydrolysis treatments on agro-industrial wastes to obtain fermentable sugars, which will be the carbon source in minimal mediums. Subsequently, cellulose yield produced by two acetic strains (PDC21 and PDC 25) and Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2004 (DSM 2004) was evaluated in the same medium. Once the appropriate treatment to produce cellulose was determined, which consisted of the use of cocoa shell hydrolyzate and the DSM 2004 bacteria, two cellulose hydrolysis methods were compared to obtain one of its derivatives, nano-cellulose, which was characterized morphologically by FT-IR and SEM. The research demonstrated the suitability of use hydrolysates of cocoa shell waste and sugarcane bagasse as low-cost carbon sources to produce bacterial cellulose. In addition, it was determined that the hydrolysis treatments used to obtain nano-cellulose do not influence its morphology.Item Desarrollo de biopelículas degradables a partir de harina de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-02) Galarza Sanabria, Inés Abigail; Moreno Toasa, Gabriel AlejandroResearch on the development of degradable biofilms from breadfruit flour (Artocarpus altilis) is of crucial importance in the current context of environmental concern and sustainability. With the growing problem of plastic pollution, biofilms offer a promising and eco-friendly alternative. Breadfruit flour, an abundant natural source, is presented as a valuable resource for the manufacture of these biodegradable films, providing a sustainable solution to mitigate the negative environmental impact of conventional plastics. Regarding the methodology, the process of developing biofilms from breadfruit flour involves the extraction and processing of the flour to obtain the appropriate components. The resulting mixture is used to form biodegradable films using specific techniques. The research addresses the optimization of these processes with the use of glycerol as a natural plasticizer, evaluating properties such as mechanical resistance, degradability and barrier capacity of biofilms. The research highlights the success in obtaining degradable biofilms using breadfruit flour and glycerol that exhibit adequate mechanical and barrier properties, suggesting their potential application in packaging and similar products. Furthermore, the degradability of biofilms opens the door to more sustainable solutions to the problem of plastic waste. Taken together, the results support the feasibility and importance of using breadfruit flour in biofilm manufacturing as a promising alternative in the fight against plastic pollution.Item Obtención y caracterización de celulosa bacteriana producida por cepas acéticas endémicas del Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Álvarez Morales, Juan José; García Solís, Mario DanielThe research and development of new bacterial strains producing bacterial cellulose (BC) is a topic of great relevance today, especially in the context of biotechnology and industrial applications. This study focuses on native strains from Ecuador, with special attention to acetic bacteria PDC 21 and PDC 25, opening new possibilities for BC production. The methodology of this study involved the axenic culture of the strains and the observation of the formation of BC biofilm. Fermentative processes were carried out and the BC production yield was evaluated in comparison with a control of Komagataeibacter xylinus (DSMZ 2004). In addition, acid, thermal, and mechanical treatments were performed to obtain nanocellulose. The morphology of the samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-IR) was used to evaluate their chemical properties. The study concludes with the proposal that strain PDC 25 could be a viable alternative for BC production in industrial applications. This conclusion is based on its production yield, glucose consumption, and the properties of the BC it produces, which are similar to those of strain DSMZ 2004, commonly used as a study model and in the industry. This finding opens new possibilities for BC production and biotechnology in Ecuador.Item Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas nativas de Komagataeibacter xylinus y comparación de su crecimiento en diferentes sustratos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Dávalos Cerrón, Patricia Yissel; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraKomagataeibacter xylinus is the most efficient species, being able to synthesize bacterial cellulose biofilms (CB) from a great variety of carbon sources. This biopolymer has received considerable attention on the last few years due to diverse commercial applications, especially in the food industry and biomedical due to its high purity and variety in form and texture. In the present study, native strains of K. xylinus were isolated and characterized from acetic sources such as wine, wine vinegar and kombucha SCOBY in the media H-S and GYC comparing its production with the strain from control K. xylinus DSM 2004 in the different carbon sources (glucose, whey and ethylene glycol) in static cultivation. Two strains were isolated from the kombucha SCOBY. The results revealed that both strains denominated PDC 21 and PDC 25, and the control strain synthesized CB in different amounts from the glucose, ethylene glycol and fermented milk serum. The strain PDC 25 produced almost 8 more times CB than the strain control in the standard H-S medium compared with PDC 21 that only synthesized 0.4 times the CB humid, meanwhile with ethylene glycol PDC 25 synthesized 1.4 and 3.46 more times CB in the media H-S ethylene glycol and K- ethylene glycol respectively compared by the control strain. However, K xylinus DSM 2004 produced larger amounts of CB in the media that contained fermented milk serum.Item Análisis filogenético de Komagataeibacter xylinus K2G30=UMCC2756 para la producción de biofilms a partir de suero lácteo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-01) Balseca Mora, Evelyn Karina; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraBacterial cellulose, being an organic, renewable, and biodegradable biopolymer has received considerable attention. Here, the production of bacterial cellulose by Komagataeibacter xylinus K2G30 (UMCC 2756) was studied in static culture using Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium with total replacement of glucose by whey and lactic acid. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees were made from sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from the species K. xylinus, K. europaeus, K. hansenii and K. intermedius, which revealed that they lacked the lac operon responsible for lactose hydrolysis. Due to these characteristics, they can explain that the highest production of BC by the K. xylinus K2G30 strain was achieved with the use of lactic acid as the sole carbon source. Results provide important information for future studies on the synthesis of BC from different carbon sources, including raw materials from industrial waste such as whey, which must be previously fermented for better assimilation.Item Utilización de cáscaras de plátano (Musa spp), en el desarrollo de películas biodegradables(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Viteri Herrera, José Andrés; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneBiodegradable films were made from banana peel (Musa spp.), an underutilized agro-industrial residue. The influence of the concentration of peel flour (0.5; 1.0; 1.5) percent, glycerol (1 and 1.5) percent and the amount poured (0.31 and 0.47) gram for cm2 was evaluated in the properties of the films made. The higher the concentration of peel flour and the amount poured, the greater opacity of the films due to a greater presence of fibre. Likewise, when the concentration of peel flour was increased, the films showed higher values of solubility and water resistance, as well as the increase in glycerol concentration increased the flexibility, solubility and water resistance of the material. The films produced had a degradation time of 30 days. Lastly, the possible application of the films in food was evaluated, for this a sensory analysis of bird muscle covered with the films was performed, obtaining a good acceptance.