Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Start date: 1992Subject: search.filters.subject.INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIA

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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de papa china (Colocasia Esculenta) y plátano no comercial (Mussa Acuminata) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Zapata Toaquiza, Johana Lisbeth; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    Currently, consumer demand for healthier products drives the food industry to develop foods with reduced fat, salt, and sugar content, as well as high nutritional value, aiming to help prevent chronic diseases. The use of underutilized resources presents an opportunity to improve the nutritional profile of food products. Formulations were developed using Chinese yam flour and non-commercial banana flour at concentrations of 8 percent and 12 percent, along with two controls using wheat flour at the same concentrations. The sausages were evaluated for their proximate composition, physicochemical properties, texture, and sensory quality over 30 days of storage. Based on the results, it was determined that the sausages produced have an interesting nutritional value, with the 12 percent Chinese yam and non-commercial banana flour formulation standing out. The color of all four formulations was affected by the nature of the flours used, particularly in those with higher concentrations of non-conventional flours. Finally, sensory analysis showed acceptability for the 8percent Chinese yam and non-commercial banana flour formulation. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the inclusion of non-conventional flours is a viable alternative to improve the nutritional profile of Frankfurt sausages.
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    Elaboración de snacks horneados a partir de harina de melloco blanco (Ullucus tuberosus Loz) y maíz (Zea mays) precocido, fortificados con cúrcuma (Curuma longa)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Villacis Venegas, Adriana Zulay; Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes
    Currently, the trend towards fast food consumption is increasing, which has generated a greater demand for healthy snacks; however, this phenomenon faces a critical challenge; malnutrition, especially invulnerable populations, the problem is aggravated by the high consumption of processed foods that lack nutritional value, with this background, the present work proposes to develop nutritious snacks to offer a healthy alternative and good sensory characteristics. The development process included the creation of three baked snack formulations, which were subjected to sensory analysis to identify the most acceptable; physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out to guarantee the quality of the final product, the ingredients were selected and processed under controlled conditions, ensuring a safe and nutritious product, the best formulation has 60 percent of white melloco flour and 40 percent of pre-cooked corn flour, which obtained the best sensory acceptance in terms of taste, texture and colour and a yield of 72. 31 percent, the physicochemical analysis revealed a significant content of protein, fiber, and complies with quality standards. In conclusion, the snack produced is healthy and nutritious for consumption and can bring benefits to the consumer, it also contributes to the state of the art by incorporating local and underutilised ingredients, thus promoting food safety and public health in Ecuador.
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    Sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por harina de chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes) en la elaboración de pastas compuestas tipo spaghetti
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Verdesoto Yugcha, Jenny Alexandra; Delgado Ramos, Verónica Andrea
    Gluten sensitivity affects 1 in 10 people, limiting its consumption to foods such as pasta, breads, and desserts, because they are made from wheat flour. This, in turn, results in a high gluten content. Currently, there are several gluten-free flour alternatives, including Chontaduro flour. The objective of this study was to develop a spaghetti with low gluten content that is ideal for people sensitive to this protein by substituting wheat flour with chontaduro flour. The physical, functional, and bromatological properties of spaghetti were evaluated after three treatments of 10, 25, and 40 percent. The results indicated a pH of 5.68 to 5.71, acidity of 0.156 to 0.254. However, in the case of IAA, it decreased from 116.8 to 29.7 percent. The same was true for the cooking time, which decreases from 8.50 to 5.50 minutes. In contrast, protein increased from 11.93 to 16.675 percent and carbohydrates from 68.87 to 72.78 percent. Therefore, 10 percent substitution of wheat flour with chontaduro flour had the best physical and functional properties. However, 40 percent substitution of wheat flour with chontaduro flour was better in terms of bromatological properties. The results presented in this work demonstrate that it is possible to make healthy foods with dietary inclusion for gluten-sensitive people.
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    Modelado de la cinética de secado e isoterma de adsorción de agua de mesocarpio de zapallo (Cucurbita máxima Duchesne) sometido a diferentes tratamientos previos al secado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Toaquiza Landeta, Arlett Estefanía; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    This work studied the behavior of pumpkin being subjected to boiling, steam and microwave as pretreatments, with a subsequent drying process at 65 degrees Celsius for 8 hours. The samples reached a final humidity of 2.1 percent for the control, 1.8 percent for the sample pretreated with boiling water, 3.2 percent for steam and 2.6 percent for microwaves. The drying kinetics were adjusted to different mathematical models (Newton, Page, modified Page, Henderson & Pabis, Logarithmic, and Wang & Singh), being the Page model the one that presented a better fit. Adsorption isotherms were created by applying supersaturated salts that allowed simulating environments with relative humidities between 11.78 percent and 80.12 percent. The equilibrium humidity values reached by the samples were adjusted to the BET and GAB models. It was observed that the GAB model presented a better fit for the control, subjected to boiling water and microwaves. In contrast, the BET mathematical model allowed explaining the behavior of the pumpkin sample pretreated with steam. The sample pretreated with microwaves presented a higher water adsorption capacity in the monolayer with a value of 0.0558 grams of water per gram of dry solid. Finally, the samples exceeded a relative humidity of 30 percent, they showed a substantial increase in the flours' water adsorption capacity, so storage conditions that should not exceed 60percent relative humidity.
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    Modelado de la cinética de secado del mesocarpio y de las isotermas de adsorción de la harina de la calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L.) sometida a diferentes pretratamientos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Tibanlombo Timbila, Daniela Salomé; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    Cucurbits are fruits rich in bioactive compounds; however, their consumption is mainly limited to fresh forms. This study analyzed the drying kinetics of winter squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) mesocarp subjected to precooking with boiling water, steam, and microwaves, and the analysis of the adsorption isotherms of the flour obtained from the different pretreatments. A decrease of more than 80 percent of the initial moisture of the samples was observed. The determination of the drying rate showed that the combination of microwave and convective drying at 65 Celsius degrees for eight hours was the ideal treatment to obtain a critical moisture of 2.68 kg water per kg dry solids and an equilibrium moisture of 0.04 kg water per kg dry solids. The water loss rate was adjusted to six main mathematical models, with the Modified Page model providing the best fit. When determining the effective diffusivity coefficient of water, it was found that the pretreatments reduce the activation energy. Therefore, it is concluded that these previous stages accelerate the drying process. The shelf life of the flours was examined through the construction of sorption isotherms. These presented type II sigmoid curves due to their macroscopic surface structure and hydrophobic nature. Regarding the fit performed with the BET and GAB models, it was confirmed that the adhesion of water molecules is stronger in the monolayer. The correlation coefficient allowed the establishment of the BET model as the best approximation.
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    Obtención de una bebida láctea fermentada a partir de cepas probióticas aisladas de residuos de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) y yuca (Manihot esculenta)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Telenchana Jarrin, Jonathan Javier; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    The food industry has used lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the production of a number of fermented dairy products; however, not all species used are considered probiotics. Therefore, the objective of the study was to demonstrate the viability of 10 probiotic strains obtained from natural residues of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) for the production of fermented milk beverages, using physicochemical techniques such as pH and titratable acidity subject to the NTE-INEN 2395 standard, obtaining results ranging from 4.9 to 6.5 for pH and acidity from 0.37 to 0.92, values that were defined according to the behavior and activity of each of the 10 strains treated in the research. Fermentation was monitored for 12 h. In addition, bacterial growth was analyzed by counting the CFU/g in each sample collected during fermentation. The fermented beverages that visually presented the best characteristics were evaluated using sensory analysis. Of the 10 strains, four generated a beverage suitable for human consumption by possessing physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics similar to those of a commercial product. The use of new probiotic strains capable of generating fermented milk beverages opens up an alternative for probiotic consumption, allowing consumers access to a variety of probiotics with beneficial properties. Thus, the creation and distribution of functional products obtained from probiotic strains derived from natural residues is allowed.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de los concentrados proteicos de la pepa de zambo (Cucurbita ficifolia B.) tras la simulación de la digestión gastroduodenal in vitro
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Espín Falconí, María Valeria; Vilcacundo Chamorro, Rubén Darío
    Plant proteins represent a significant source of nutrition in the human diet, especially when obtained from residues, such as the seeds of Cucurbita ficifolia B. (zambo). These seeds, which are not only abundant and accessible but also affordable, still lack extensive research on their bioactive properties. This lack of scientific studies on the potential of the zambo seed motivates the implementation of this project, which responds to the growing global need to ensure food security and sovereignty. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the protein concentrates previously extracted from the club seed, which were preserved at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Subsequently, an in vitro gastroduodenal simulation was carried out at three different pH values (1.2, 3.2 and 3.5), in order to study the effect of these conditions on the release of peptides with antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the degree of hydrolysis of the gastric and intestinal digests of the concentrates was qualitatively evaluated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, with complete hydrolysis observed at the end of the duodenal simulation. The measurement of antioxidant activity, using the ABTS method, showed that the treatment at pH 3.2 presented the highest antioxidant activity, reaching a value of 275.57 plus-minus 2.26 micro mole of Trolox per gram, which significantly exceeds the antioxidant activity. of commonly consumed fruits, such as tree tomatoes and pears.
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    Efecto de los tratamientos previos al secado en la calidad tecnológica de la harina de calabaza (Curcubita pepo)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Rivera Barona, Holger Wanderber; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    There are currently many viable alternatives to replace wheat flour, because its gluten content is harmful to health in gastrointestinal matters. Replacing it or looking for an alternative in a cucurbit makes this product of utmost importance for the food industry, since it is an option for a flour that contains starch, dietary fiber, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Being a foreign species, but known in Ecuador, the Curcubita pepo squash is gaining space in the local environment, which is purchased fresh or vacuum packed in supermarkets. Applying heat treatments to the squash pulp increases its organoleptic and functional properties, as well as extending its shelf life. The process was marked by obtaining the squash from a local producer in the Cevallos canton. Once the squash was obtained, it was laminated and subjected to different treatments to later be dehydrated, ground and obtain a flour ready for the relevant analyses. A soft flour with a characteristic smell and color was obtained, and the particle size, water activity, humidity, loose bulk density and water solubility were analyzed. The results revealed that the heat treatments contributed to improving the organoleptic properties. Properties such as a more marked color, increased soluble solids and better water solubility and absorption were obtained.
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    Determinación experimental y predicción matemática del tiempo de congelación de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum) y uvilla (Physalis peruviana)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Quishpe Socasi, Elkin Alejandro; Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
    The freezing process presents significant challenges in terms of the control and prediction of freezing time, as this factor directly affects the final quality of the food. Therefore, it is essential to construct freezing curves that allow the analysis of the evolution of temperature as a function of time, as well as determining the optimum freezing times. In the present investigation, blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and uvilla (Physalis peruviana) were frozen in the IQF fluidized bed tunnel until reaching a final freezing temperature of -10 degrees centigrade at their thermal centers. The experimental freezing times for both fruits were determined using temperature versus time curves and were compared with the values calculated using three mathematical equations. The average experimental freezing time for blueberry was 44.33 minutes, while that for grapefruits it was 46.63 minutes. The results calculated mathematically for the equations of Plank, Pham, and Nagaoka were for blueberry (21.27, 27.49, and 24.49 min), respectively, while values were obtained for uvilla (24.29, 32.41, and 27.98 min). It was also found that the equation of Pham had a lower margin of error of estimation in both fruits, for uvilla was -30.49 percent while for blueberry it was -37.42 percent.
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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de yuca amarilla (Manihot esculenta) y plátano no comercial (Mussa acuminata) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Quinzo Parra, Jéssica Marcela; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    improved nutritional profile, characterized by reduced fat, sugar, and salt content, as well as higher fiber content. In this context, the use of flours derived from Andean crops presents an opportunity to leverage both the technological properties and the nutritional benefits these crops offer in the formulation and development of new food products. Two formulations were developed, incorporating a mixture of yellow cassava flour and green plantain flour at concentrations of 5 and 12 percent, along with two control formulations using wheat flour at the same concentrations. In Frankfurt-type sausages, proximal composition, physicochemical properties, texture parameters, color, and sensory attributes were evaluated. The results showed that, based on the proximal composition, the sample with the highest protein and fiber content was the one with a 12 percent concentration of yellow cassava and green plantain flour. The physicochemical properties demonstrated that the addition of these flours resulted in increased yellowness values in the sausages. Texture analysis revealed that the inclusion of these two types of flours caused changes in chewiness and hardness. Finally, the sensory analysis indicated greater acceptability for the sausages prepared with an 8 percent concentration of yellow cassava and green plantain flour.