Nutrición y Dietética
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Item ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO COGNITIVO EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL CANTÓN SAN PEDRO DE PELILEO(2026-06-24) Montoya Pérez, Quimberly Miruye; Galarza Esparza, William Bayardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe general purpose of this research study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status, as measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool, and cognitive functioning, as assessed using the Pfeiffer questionnaire, in older adults living in the parish of García Moreno in the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo. To this end, a quantitative study with a non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational design was developed, applying simple random sampling to select 75 participants from the rural area, who were given the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire to evaluate their nutritional status. In addition, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were taken to complement the assessment. A brief neurological test was also administered, with the final results showing a very high prevalence of low weight, affecting 72% of the sample, in addition to identifying mild and moderate mental impairment in more than half of the respondents. After applying the chi-square statistical test, it was concluded that there is definitely no direct link between caloric deficit and loss of intellectual abilities in this specific population. Therefore, local medical authorities are advised to establish community dietary assistance plans along with periodic neurological assessments, finally recommending that future researchers expand the number of people evaluated to other surrounding sectors, incorporating new sociodemographic variables to obtain a much broader picture of this health problem.Item CALIDAD NUTRITIVA DE LOS ALIMENTOS QUE SE EXPENDEN DEL BAR ESCOLAR EN RELACIÓN AL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LOS NIÑOS DE UNA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA(2026-06-24) Reyes Villegas, Camila Elizabetl; Bonilla Veloz, Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis study aimed to analyze food consumption in school cafeterias and its association with the nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years at a school in the Ambato canton. A quantitative approach combining applied, descriptive, and correlational methods was used. The research included 32 students who met predetermined selection criteria using simple random probability sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using the criteria established by the WHO (2007), applying measurements of weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The caloric value of the food offered in the school cafeteria was estimated through direct observation and the use of food composition tables from the University of San Francisco de Quito. The results indicate that the majority of students (78%) have a normal BMI, while 19% are overweight and 3% are obese. Furthermore, 25% of students consumed meals containing up to 700 kcal in a single sitting, while these meals represented between 32% and 44% of their estimated daily caloric needs (1600-2200 kcal). The study results showed that 81.3% of participants consumed meals from the school cafeteria, directly linking their eating habits to their body mass index (p = 0.004). The research demonstrates that the quality and energy content of school cafeteria food directly impact student nutrition, necessitating improved monitoring and promotion of healthy eating habits in schools.Item NECESIDADES ENERGÉTICAS Y VALOR NUTRICIONAL DE MENÚS PARA ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA CASA DE ACOGIDA SEÑOR DE LOS REMEDIOS EN PÍLLARO(2026-06-24) Quinde Jaya, Juan Alejandro; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis study evaluated the relationship between the nutritional content of the meals served and the actual energy requirements of older adults at the Señor de los Remedios nursing home in the canton of Píllaro. Using a mixed approach and a cross-sectional observational design, a sample of 20 residents, predominantly men over 80 years of age, was analyzed. The results revealed a critical imbalance: the menus offer an average of 1774.45 kcal/day, compared to an average energy expenditure of 1444.16 kcal/day. This caloric surplus of +330.29 kcal per day has resulted in 70% of the population being malnourished due to excess (overweight or obese). In addition, a high-protein diet (228% adequacy) and severe deficiencies in essential micronutrients such as calcium and vitamin C were identified. It is concluded that there is a disconnect between institutional food planning and the physiological needs of the elderly, which requires an immediate restructuring of local nutritional guidelines.Item ADAPTACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN RECORDATORIO DE 24 HORAS PARA ESTIMAR LA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DE HIERRO EN ALIMENTOS PARA CELÍACOS(2026-06-24) Punina Punina, Erika Magaly; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIron deficiency is a common nutritional problem, and its assessment in individuals with celiac disease is challenging due to dietary restrictions and factors that influence iron absorption. In this context, the overall objective of this study was to adapt and validate a 24-hour dietary recall protocol to estimate iron bioavailability in people with celiac disease. A methodological, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The instrument was digitized using Google Forms and incorporated variables associated with iron sources, preparation methods, and tea/coffee consumption. The sample consisted of 54 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis, selected based on eligibility. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha in SPSS v.25, yielding a value of 0.996 for the 89 items. Content validity was established through expert judgment, calculating the indices of clarity (0.80), coherence (0.88), and relevance (0.77). A pilot assessment of iron bioavailability using Murphy’s model estimated approximately 1.7 mg/day of bioavailable iron. The adapted instrument demonstrated high reliability and adequate content validity, making it a methodologically viable tool for estimating iron bioavailability in individuals with this condition.Item REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES Y DESARROLLO DE UNA GUÍA ALIMENTARIA PARA NIÑOS DE 2 A 5 AÑOS CON ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA(2026-06-23) Guamangallo Vasquez, Nayomi Anahi; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaCeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. This condition causes inflammation and damage to the villi of the small intestine, which hinders proper nutrient absorption and can affect children’s growth and development. Globally, it is estimated to affect approximately 1% of the population, while in Ecuador, epidemiological data is limited. The only effective treatment is maintaining a strict gluten-free diet. The objective of this research was to develop a dietary guide for children aged 2 to 5 years with celiac disease, tailored to their nutritional requirements. To this end, a structured literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 44 sources, including scientific articles, institutional documents, and pediatric textbooks. Based on this information, nutritional recommendations, food exchange distributions, weekly meal plans, and a photographic portion guide were developed to facilitate the planning of a balanced, gluten-free diet.Item EVALUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y DESEMPEÑO ACADÉMICO DE LOS NIÑOS DE UNA ESCUELA RURAL DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA(2026-06-23) Pérez Jordán, Giovanna Elizabeth; Guevara Villacis, Mishelts Vanessa; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe objective of this research was to evaluate the correlation between nutritional status, assessed using anthropometric indicators, and academic performance, determined based on school grades, in children from a rural school in the parish of Santa Rosa. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted. The population consisted of 86 elementary school students between the ages of 8 and 11. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring weight and height, from which body mass index (BMI) was calculated and interpreted according to the growth curves established by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health. Academic performance was obtained from grades in core subjects. To analyze the relationship between the variables, the Chi-square statistical test was applied, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 77.9% of students had a normal nutritional status, while 17.4% were overweight and 4.7% had some degree of malnutrition. In terms of academic performance, the largest proportion of students were in category B+, reflecting a favorable overall academic performance. In conclusion, the findings indicate that, in the population studied, there is no statistically significant correlation between nutritional status and academic performance. However, the results suggest that adequate nutritional status could be associated with better school performance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen nutritional monitoring and food education initiatives in rural schools in order to contribute to the comprehensive development of children.Item CALIDAD NUTRICIONAL DE LOS MENÚS EN BARES ESCOLARES DE LAS UNIDADES EDUCATIVAS DEL CANTÓN SALCEDO. UN ESTUDIO PARA MEJORAR LA ALIMENTACIÓN ESCOLAR.(2026-06-23) Vega Sánchez, Kenny Paúl; Chávez Velasco, Irlanda del Lourdes; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaSchool nutrition plays a fundamental role in the growth, development, and well-being of children and adolescents, as it directly influences the formation of eating habits and their nutritional status. In this context, school food kiosks represent important spaces within the educational environment where students regularly access food during the school day. Therefore, evaluating the nutritional quality of the menus offered in these settings is essential to ensure adequate nutrition that contributes to the overall development of the student population. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality of the menus offered in school kiosks of educational institutions in the Salcedo canton, in order to determine their nutritional adequacy and propose recommendations aimed at improving school nutrition. The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. A total of 30 food preparations from public, private, and municipal educational institutions were analyzed. The nutritional composition of each preparation was determined by estimating portion sizes and calculating energy contribution and macronutrient distribution using food composition tables. The results showed significant variability in the nutritional quality of the evaluated menus. Several preparations presented a high energy content mainly associated with carbohydrates and fats, as well as a limited inclusion of protein-rich foods, fruits, and vegetables. These findings reveal nutritional imbalances within part of the food offerings available to students.Item REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES Y DESARROLLO DE UNA GUÍA ALIMENTARIA PARA ADULTOS JÓVENES CON ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA(2026-06-23) Salme Chuquitarco, Mishell Alejandra; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe present research aimed to develop a food guide for young adults with celiac disease based on their nutritional requirements, with the purpose of promoting a balanced, safe, and gluten-free diet that contributes to maintaining an adequate nutritional status and preventing nutritional deficiencies. The study was conducted using a descriptive, documentary, and propositional approach, with a cross-sectional design, focused on analyzing the available scientific evidence regarding nutrition in patients with celiac disease. The information was obtained through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA methodology guidelines, performing searches in scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Science Direct. These studies allowed the identification of the main nutritional problems associated with celiac disease, including micronutrient deficiencies, imbalances in the gluten-free diet, and high consumption of ultra-processed gluten-free products. Based on the analysis of the scientific evidence and the nutritional guidelines established by the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (GABA),a food guide was developed that includes nutritional recommendations, macronutrient distribution, portion standardization, and recipes adapted for young adults with celiac disease. The guide was validated by nutrition professionals in order to evaluate its clarity, relevance, and applicabilityItem RELACIÓN ENTRE LA INGESTA DE PROTEÍNAS Y LA PRESENCIA DE SARCOPENIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL CANTÓN SAN PEDRO DE PELILEO(2026-06-23) Paredes Poaquiza, Michelle Estefania; Machado Gacitua, Johana Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe present research focused on analyzing the direct relationship between the consumption of structural macronutrients and anatomical preservation in the evaluated geriatric population, recognizing that optimal nutritional assimilation is indispensable for maintaining functional capacity during senescence to prevent frailty syndromes. The general objective was the mathematical evaluation of the links between these dietary habits and retained physical power through clinical assessments. Methodologically, the study followed a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational approach, applying a non-experimental cross-sectional design to evaluate a population of exactly 50 elderly residents. Primary data collection was executed through surveys on the frequency of protein intake combined with objective somatic measurements obtained via handgrip dynamometry to categorize the level of bodily depletion. After tabulating the functional assessments, it was found that 76% of the participants presented deficient grip strength, compared to a small 24% who managed to remain within normal parameters. These findings contrasted with dietary reports where 50% indicated almost complete abstinence from protein consumption, while 34% consumed it 3 to 6 times per week, and only 16% maintained a daily intake. Regarding anatomical composition, records demonstrated that 66% of the samplemaintained muscle scores categorized as normal, while 30% were positioned in high scales. This statistically evidenced that an increase in the frequency of consumption of these amino acids has a positive impact on motor vitality and the preservation of skeletal tissue, ensuring a better quality of life for individuals over sixty years of age.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E INGESTA ALIMENTARIA EN ATLETAS DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO DEL CLUB FORMATIVO QUINES(2026-06-23) Montes de Oca Cáceres, Johan Daniel; Solórzano Gaibor, Diego Sebastián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe present study examines the link between dietary habits and the physical condition of elite athletes belonging to the Club Formativo Quines, considering that proper food intake is essential for body growth, muscle recovery, and athletic capacity. Therefore, the primary goal of the research was to assess the nutritional parameters of these young athletes to determine if their daily meals meet international sports requirements, aiming to formulate improvement alternatives to maximize their on-field performance and overall health. The methodology employed in the project was based on a quantitative and descriptive design, meticulously examining eating habits and the daily intake of required nutrients. For this purpose, various data collection tools were applied directly to the club's competitors; additionally, a comprehensive measurement of their body proportions was carried out, thus defining their actual dietary profile with high accuracy for subsequent review. Upon reviewing the data obtained, several fluctuations were found regarding the intake of various macro and micronutrients, noting instances where consumption levels either exceeded or fell short of the amounts established by international sports health organizations. Similarly, the assessment of physical measurements facilitated the recognition of alterations in the participants' body mass, suggesting the existence of dietary imbalances capable of negatively affecting their performance during intense physical activity. Finally, the findings derived from this research demonstrate the urgent need to enhance education on healthy eating, along with the implementation of appropriate dietary strategies aimed at improving the nutritional quality of the competitors' meals. This would ensure optimal physical health while supporting the continuous progress of their athletic ability throughout their developmental trajectory.