Carrera de Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE

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    Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y estabilidad de un extracto obtenido a partir de residuos de hojas de la cosecha del maíz (Zea mays)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Puruncajas Paucar, Angel Santiago; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    Maize (Zea mays) is a major crop in Ecuador, generating high volumes of underutilized agricultural waste which, if poorly managed, could pollute the environment or have non-economic value. Maize leaves, rich in biomolecules such as chlorophyll and flavonoids, hold potential for industrial applications in food and cosmetics. This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and stability of maize leaf extracts to promote their utilization. Two extracts were prepared using 96 percent ethanol and an acetone-ethanol mixture in a 3 to 1 ratio, which were analyzed through FTIR spectrophotometry. Their antioxidant capacity was studied using the DPPH assay. The extracts were stored at different temperatures for four weeks, and their FTIR spectra and antioxidant capacity were examined. The FTIR study indicates the presence of hydroxylated compounds in both extracts, acetone extract containing more diverse groups. The antioxidant capacity was 107.15 and 104.39 micromoles of Trolox per gram of maize leaves for ethanol and acetone-ethanol extracts, respectively. The stability study showed changes in the FTIR spectra of both extracts, with an increase in the presence of new functional groups. The acetone-ethanol extract exhibited greater stability in antioxidant capacity, whereas the ethanol extract showed a significant reduction. Refrigeration proved to be the best condition for preserving antioxidant activity in both extracts.
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    Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad antioxidante de los componentes bioactivos microencapsulados provenientes del hongo Hericium erinaceus
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Cajiao Valdivieso, Jannis Naomi; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The mushroom Hericium erinaceus is a macromycete renowned for its bioactive properties, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective capacities, positioning it as a promising resource for improving human health. This study evaluated the optimal extraction conditions of its bioactive components and analyzed the antioxidant properties and microencapsulation efficiency of the extracted compounds. Using dried and ground samples of H. erinaceus, four extraction treatments were conducted, with treatment T2 (boiling water for 2 hours at a 1:20 ratio) yielding the best results. Spectrophotometric methods determined the concentrations of polyphenols (7.04 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry basis) and polysaccharides (20.76 milligrams of glucose per gram of dry basis), while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, achieving a 70.77 percent inhibition and an antioxidant capacity of 3.23 micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry basis. Additionally, the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds was validated using FTIR spectroscopy, confirming the interaction between the active compounds and the polymeric matrix. The results demonstrate that H. erinaceus extracts rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides exhibit significant antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as functional foods. This study expands the understanding of the mushroom's bioactive properties, confirming its viability as an alternative to enhance human health in Ecuador, particularly in addressing challenges related to malnutrition and oxidative stress.
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    Evaluación de biofactorías vegetales para la producción y extracción de antocianinas a partir de Col Lombarda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Andrade Romero, Christian Israel; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
    In this research, the seed disinfection and germination process was optimized, exposed to different experimental conditions such as: culture media (Murashige and Skoog Complete and without nitrates); growth regulators (Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid) and genetic transformation (AtMYB12 and GUS) to obtain transformed seedlings and roots. Extracts were obtained to analyze total anthocyanin content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Analyses showed that the use of Gibberellic Acid at 4 degrees improved the germination rate by 83.33 percent. The Murashige and Skoog medium without nitrates favored the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seedlings, reaching a total anthocyanin content of 45.07 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g, with an antioxidant capacity of 65 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 76.49 percent. In the transformed roots the transcription factor AtMYB12 in Murashige and Skoog complete medium reported better results with a total anthocyanin content of 49.49 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g; antioxidant capacity of 72.10 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 79.4 percent. Statistical results suggest that the culture medium influences the production of anthocyanins, and the transformed roots in the transcription factor are the most relevant. These results suggest that genetic transformation and the optimization of culture conditions can increase anthocyanin production.
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    Evaluación de la vida útil de un extracto con polifenoles procedentes de la flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) obtenido mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aldás Loma, Emily Vanessa; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    The focus on the use of natural products has grown considerably in recent years due to their therapeutic benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Plant extracts represent an important source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which contribute directly to these properties. However, to ensure the efficacy and quality of these extracts, it is essential to determine their shelf life, since factors such as pH, humidity and storage temperature can influence the stability of these compounds. In this study, the Jamaican flower extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and the concentration of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, achieving a higher polyphenol content when using an ethanol concentration of 70 percent and with an extraction temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, reaching a value of 62,667 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry weight. Subsequently, its antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the DPPH assay, obtaining 90.886 percent inhibition, and with respect to Trolox equivalents, 221.234 micromoles per gram of dry weight were obtained. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by egg albumin denaturation assay, registering inhibition percentages between 38.642 and 62.585. Finally, the shelf life, stored in amber glass jars under refrigerated conditions, was determined to be about 32 days, fitting a first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.0032 per day.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de los polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de la cáscara del taxo (Passiflora tarminiana)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Lema Ochog, Mónica Alexandra; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Taxo peel is a by-product from the drying and peeling activities of the fruit processing industries. These residues, when not properly treated, end up in landfills generating environmental pollution problems that are hazardous to health, completely avoiding their polyphenolic content. Therefore, the extraction of these bioactive compounds is of interest for future applications in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry. For the extraction of polyphenols, two factors were studied, the time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and the concentration of the solvent (EtOH) of 25, 50 and 75 percent, being 66,37 minutes with an amount of solvent at 58,99 percent the optimum conditions to maximize the polyphenolic content, with which, a total of 130,69 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry base was obtained. Subsequently, for the microencapsulation technique by spray drying, an inlet and outlet temperature of 150 and 90 degrees Celsius was used, respectively, with maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent, reflecting an efficiency of 83,50 percent. Finally, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test, with an inhibition percentage of 80,04 for the concentrated extract and 20,10 for the microencapsulated one. It is concluded that the microencapsulation technique keeps the bioactive compounds stable and helps to release them in a controlled manner. The result is useful in the formulation of nutraceutical products important for health and disease prevention.
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    Evaluación de la producción de fenoles, flavonoides y antioxidantes en sistemas biotecnológicos de pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) con metil jasmonato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) García Ramos, Marissa Miossothy; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana Paulina
    This research evaluates the effects of methyl jasmonate as a plant stress inducer on the production of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in cellular biotechnological systems of pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus). Stress was induced at different concentrations of 0, 50 and 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate at time intervals of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed with 50 micromolar a continuous maximum phenol production until day 28 with 137,639 equivalents of gallic acid, while 150 micromolar achieved a phenol production of 126,087 equivalents of gallic acid at 28 days. In flavonoid production, 150 micromolar showed the fastest increase, 121,562 quercetin equivalents in 14 days. In antioxidant capacity, 150 micromolar MeJa elicited the highest initial response, 89.518 percent inhibition of DPPH within 14 days. This study concludes that, for industrial applications aimed at both growth and the production of bioactive compounds, the treatment of pitahaya cells with 50 micromolar methyl jasmonate is optimal, since they provide a balance between progressive growth and greater production of metabolites. Alternatively, higher concentrations such as 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate can be used for rapid compound production despite reduced cell growth. The findings provide valuable information for laboratory processes at industrial levels, depending on specific production objectives and as a contribution to the limited research of these compounds in plant cell suspensions.
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    Evaluación del potencial antioxidante, antiinflamatorio y de conservación de una crema formulada con compuestos bioactivos extraídos del Aloe vera
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Sánchez Núñez, Carol Tatiana; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    A. vera is a plant that has been used for centuries for health, beauty, skin care, medicine, and is currently part of a large number of commercial products. This species of Aloe belongs to the group of plants that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is for this reason that it is proposed to elaborate a cream based on the bioactive compounds extracted from A. vera and verify whether or not its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are maintained. The phenolic compounds of the bark and gel of A. vera were extracted by ethanolic extraction using different concentrations of ethanol/water solvent (50:50 and 80:20). These were quantified with the Folin - Ciocalteu method. The extract with the highest content of phenols was concentrated and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was extinguished by the DPPH method and denaturation of egg albumin, respectively. A cream was made using the concentrated extract together with some excipients. To this cream, the useful life is reduced by measuring the pH and viscosity. In addition, analysis of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was performed. Through a statistical analysis, the bark combined with a 50:50 ethanol-water solvent concentration was defined as the best treatment. Since 6.986 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of plant material were obtained. The ethanolic compounds from A. vera showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, demonstrating that these microorganisms have the potential to be applied in the production of natural bioactive molecules.
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    Determinación de componentes fenólicos y antioxidantes en la harina de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) y melloco blanco (Ullucus tuberosus)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Suárez Calle, Jakeline Solimar; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
    Desnutrition has increased in recent years within the country. Mainly affecting children and older adults. The disinformation about the qualities and properties of daily Andean crops such as chocho and melloco blanco is one of the main reasons why they arewasted and, therefore, contributes to the increase of malnutrition in the country. The present research focuses on the determination of phenolic components present in chocho and melloco blanco by means of optical techniques such as HPLC coupled to a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, through which the presence of components such as gallic acid has been determined in both samples. In addition, in the case of melloco blanco, it was possible to determine the presence of flavonoids such as rutin, which has anti-inflammatory properties. And for the chocho, it was possible to determine the presence of p-coumaric acid. Subsequently, the antioxidant capacity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. With this technique it was determined that chocho ́s and mellocoblanco's flour have a inhibition percentage of DPPH radicals of 12.56 and 86.96 percent respectively. Finally, the data obtained were related to the importance of the inclusion of these crops in the formulation of functional foods so that they can be included in the consumer's diet.
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    Determinación de componentes fenólicos y antioxidantes en harina de camote morado (Ipomeas batatas) y mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Chamba Maza, Jonnatan Franklin; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
    The lack of awareness about the consumption of functional and nutritious foods has generated multiple problems in health, being considered a negative factor that has been increasing over the years. For this reason and with the purpose of providing a contribution to society around health and human nutrition, this research project aimed to provide relevant information on the Andean crops of Ecuador, such as sweet potato and mashua, toexpose its composition in terms of its phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This information can be exploited in a way that supports the development of nutritional foods that allow achieving a better quality of life by reducing nutritional health problems. First, the HPLCUV Visibletechnique was performed on flour samples for the identification of phenolic compounds using gallic acid as standard, determining compounds such as p-coumaric acid, cyanidin, caffeic acid and derivatives, tyrosol glycoside and catechin. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the DPPH technique, obtaining a percentage of 60.976 percent for sweet potato and 69.974 percent for mashua, which are considered significant, finding the mashua flour with a higher antioxidant capacity.
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    Obtención y microencapsulación de un extracto rico en compuestos fenólicos con capacidad antioxidante de guayusa (Ilex guayusa)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Peñaloza Suárez, Adriana Gabriela; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules whose properties, such as their antioxidant capacity, have made them substances of great interest in different industries. In recent years, guayusa (Ilex guayusa) has been studied as an important source of these compounds. Therefore, in this study, the best conditions for extraction, microencapsulation, and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from guayusa leaves were determined. A three-square experimental design was applied in which the solvent concentration (ethanol) and the extraction time were evaluated to optimize the obtaining of phenols. The best extraction conditions indicated by the surface analysis were with 42 percent ethanol for a time of 62 minutes. In the microencapsulation process, the following variables were studied: extract concentration and inlet temperature. The optimized microencapsulation conditions obtained were a concentration of 30 percent solids of the extract at an inlet temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Finally, for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, the DPPH method was applied, obtaining as a result a higher percentage of inhibition for the liquid extract than for the microencapsulated one with higher efficiency.