Nutrición y Dietética
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Item AVANCES EN GENÓMICA NUTRICIONAL Y SU USO EN LA NUTRICIÓN PERSONALIZADA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-10-28) Salinas Morales, Milena Stephania; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina ArteagaIntroduction: This literature review explores advances in nutritional genomics and its application in personalized nutrition to address obesity. Considering the complexity of the human genome and genetic susceptibilities to diseases like obesity, personalized nutrition emerges as a promising solution for this multifactorial disease that impacts global public health. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the most effective nutraceuticals in personalized nutrition to mitigate or treat obesity through specific dietary adjustments based on individual genetics. Methodology: A non-systematic review of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023 was conducted, selecting studies based on criteria of relevance, accessibility, and timeliness. Of the 82 articles evaluated, 40 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The selected studies highlight the importance of compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins in modulating the genetic and metabolic response to obesity. These nutraceuticals have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing adiposity and related inflammation. Discussion: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are essential for personalizing nutrition, as individual genetic variability significantly affects the response to different diets and treatments, justifying a personalized approach that considers the specific genotype of the individual. Conclusion: Integrating nutraceuticals into the diet based on the genetic profile may be key to the effective management and treatment of obesity. Research points towards a shift to personalized nutrition, emphasizing the need for more studies and their implementation in clinical and dietary practices.Item IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA NUTRICIONAL "MUÉVETE" EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DEL PERSONAL DE LA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS BIOALIMENTAR - TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-26) Orbea Cadena, Paula Victoria; Viteri Robayo, Carmen PatriciaIn the workplace, the health and well-being of personnel is fundamental to a company's performance and productivity. The implementation of nutritional programs represents a proactive strategy that seeks to improve the health status of employees and reduce absenteeism caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases derived from overweight and obesity. The objective of the research was to study the impact of the nutritional program "Muévete" on the nutritional status of the personnel of the food company Bioalimentar in order to analyze the role of nutritional programs in companies. The research is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 71 workers. To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity, specific data such as weight and height were taken to determine body mass index, on the other hand, to analyze the percentage of fat mass the four main folds were used (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraileac) and cardiovascular risk with the measurement of waist circumference, as for the measurement of the impact of the program a comparative analysis was made between the data pre application of the program and post application of the same. As a result, 47.9% were overweight and obesity grade I, corresponding to 25.4% in the male gender. As for the percentage of fat mass, 53.5% of the male gender had an average level of fat and 39.4% had an increased level of cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit not only Bioalimentar, but also other companies and the community in general, promoting a culture of wellness and integral health and directly influencing the formulation of policies and strategies at the corporate and governmental level, thus increasing the sustainability of the companies.Item EFECTO DE LOS PROBIÓTICOS EN EL PACIENTE OBESO. UN ESTUDIO DE REVISIÓN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Montachana Crespata, Milena Alexandra; Viteri Robayo, Carmen PatriciaIntroduction: The gut microbiota is a potential determining factor in the development of obesity, resulting in dysbiosis, which is related to a lower number of members of the Bacteroidetes division and an increase in Firmicutes leading to a decrease in energy expenditure, it is also associated with the inflammatory process, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out a literature review related to the effects of probiotics on the improvement of the intestinal microbiota in an obese patient and its associated disorders. Methods: A search of articles in PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier from the last five years was carried out using the terms "obesity and probiotics", "effect of probiotics", "gut microbiota and probiotics". A total of 23 articles were included in the selection criteria. Results: Supplementation with probiotics specifically certain strains such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium could lead to significant weight reductions, in combination with energy restriction and physical activity. However, it is important to develop clinical trials that are properly designed, including all aspects of lifestyle, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genetic background. Conclusions: Despite the beneficial effects, they are not yet considered an alternative strategy in the treatment of obesity due to the lack of research in this field, since the currently available data come from studies carried out in animals that may not present potential in humans. It is important to conduct more large-scale longitudinal studies with longer follow-up.Item SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD EN MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL QUE USAN ANTICONCEPTIVOS EN EL CANTÓN SALCEDO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Vasco Atiaja, Dayana Belén; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndrésThe use of hormonal contraceptives is involved in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, after prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age who use hormonal contraceptives in the Salcedo Canton of the Cemoplaf center, by means of anthropometric and dietary assessment and level of physical activity. By means of an observational, descriptive case-control study of 90 women, of whom 45 used contraceptives for more than 1 year, and 45 participants did not use contraceptive methods. To identify the characteristics of the population we used age, occupation, whether contraceptive methods were used, type and time of use, on the other hand, for the anthropometric assessment we used the Body Mass Index, cardiovascular risk, muscular area and fat area of the arm, for the dietary assessment and level of physical activity we used two questionnaires, the frequency of consumption according to the IASE healthy eating index and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that 27.8% of the women who use contraceptives are overweight, 6.6% are obese, while 30.0% of the participants who do not use contraceptives are at an adequate weight. Cardiovascular risk is higher in women who use contraceptives with 24.4%, the diet index does not show a significance with the use of methods while the level of physical activity shows a significance of p=0.002. Therefore, the use of hormonal contraceptives over a period of time greater than 1 year is related to overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, in the same way eating habits and the level of physical activity are involved in the development of these pathologies.Item OBESIDAD Y ALIMENTOS PROCESADOS. UN ANÁLISIS DOCUMENTAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Acosta Gallo, Bryan Israel; Viteri Robayo, Carmen PatriciaThe risk of developing obesity associated with the consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods leads to a multifactorial problem influenced by environmental, biological, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and political factors. The main objective of the review is to analyze the evidence that exists regarding the relationship between obesity and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. To achieve this, a bibliographic review was conducted to link the study variables; primary searches were conducted in databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, Eric, PubMed, Scielo, Mendeley, Dialnet, and Latindex, from the periods 2020-2024 by 90%. Among the results found in this review, the need to address the consumption of ultra-processed foods as a determining factor in the increase of obesity prevalence worldwide stands out. The evidence highlights the need to implement effective policies and strategies that promote healthy and balanced eating, as well as public awareness of the risks associated with excessive consumption of these highly processed products. Additionally, it is important to consider the socioeconomic and political factors that influence dietary consumption patterns, in order to develop appropriate and balanced interventions that address disparities in access to nutritious food. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the need to address the structural and political determinants that perpetuate the availability and promotion of ultra-processed foods, including regulating the advertising of unhealthy foods, promoting sustainable agriculture, and creating healthier food environments.Item LACTANCIA MATERNA EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE LA PRIMERA INFANCIA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Teneda Villalba, María José; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndrésIntroduction: Breastfeeding is a biological feeding norm for all mammals, including human beings; it is essential to achieve the global goals of nutrition, health and survival. Objective: To identify how breastfeeding influences the growth and development of early childhood. Method: In 2023 and 2024, the search for available literature was carried out in the Pubmed, Google Schoolar, Scielo, Digitalia Hispánica, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic, Dialnet databases, the selection and subsequent analysis of information was carried out. Results: In total, 40 articles were chosen, evidencing the lack of knowledge and time as a barrier. Conclusion: It is important to identify the current nutritional reality experienced by hundreds of children and thus be able to intervene and implement nutritional education throughout the life cycle.Item MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN LA OBESIDAD: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Gutierrez Lozada, Andres Eduardo; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánObesity and overweight is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of body fat. In recent decades they have become a global public health problem. The intestinal microbiota, which is the microbial ecosystem that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of the present review is to compile the latest advances on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota in obesity and establish dysbiosis as an important factor in obesity, as well as the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota and the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics. . . A methodology was used based on the bibliographic review of research related to the microbiota and obesity, carried out by exploring digital platforms specialized in health, such as Pubmed, Google Academic, ScIELO and Dialnet, in the period between 2019 and 2023. The results revealed that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of obesity and related diseases. It is clear that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity.Item USO DE PREBIÓTICOS Y PROBIÓTICOS EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD: UN ESTUDIO DE REVISIÓN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Gavilanes Guerrero, María de los Ángeles; Quiroga Torres, Tannia ElizabethObesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the world, with figures of about 641 million people. The usual treatment for this condition is the reduction of calories from the diet, use of medications or surgical interventions. Obesity is associated with an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota. Prebiotics are non-digestible compounds of dietary fibers. Probiotics are living organisms that confer benefits to the individual. The objective was to determine the efficacy of the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics for the treatment of obesity. A systematic review of 9 scientific articles selected from Web of Science, Pubmed, Taylor and Francis, Dialnet and Scielo was performed. The review revealed that the use of pre and probiotics contributes to the reduction of weight, BMI and waist circumference in people with obesity, as well as the reduction of some biochemical markers associated with obesity. It is suggested that supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics may be an alternative as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity. However, more studies are needed to support their use.Item NUTRICIÓN Y OBESIDAD EN LAS ENFERMEDADES HEPÁTICAS. UNANÁLISIS DOCUMENTAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Correa Vasconez, Erik Abraham; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethIntroducción: El consumo frecuente de alimentos altos en el contenido de grasa saturada se ha asociado con el aumento de la obesidad a nivel mundial especialmente en países desarrollados. El objetivo es efectuar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la nutrición y su relación con la obesidad y la aparición de enfermedades hepáticas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bibliotecas digitales como Pubmed, Scielo, Latindex, que cumplieron criteriosde inclusión: años entre 2019 y 2023, guías de alimentación actualizadas, documentos oficiales, artículos científicos y libros en inglés y español. Resultados: La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) es una condición en aumento, siendo una de las enfermedades hepáticas crónicas más relevantes en el mundo, especialmente en adultos, escolares y adolescentes. Se ha relacionado con la obesidad, la diabetes y el síndrome metabólico, afectando al 25-30% de la población adulta, con mayor prevalencia en países como Brasil, Chile y Colombia de América Latina. La EHGNA puede conducir a complicaciones graves como la cirrosis hepática y el cáncer de hígado. La prevención incluye cambios en el estilo de vida, como una dieta equilibrada y laactividad física regular, y la identificación temprana mediante herramientas de tamizaje nutricional en consultas médicas y nutricionales. Conclusión: existe relación en el tipo de nutrientes, hábitos alimentarios y estilos vida con la aparición de la obesidad y sus complicaciones en las funciones hepáticas, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, cirrosis y alterando funciones de otros órganos.Item Determinación del porcentaje de grasa en los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años asociada a factores socio demográficos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Galarza Barragán, Rebeca Karolina; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth Mg.Currently, overweight and obesity constitute a global problem that affects the majority of adolescents, particularly in Latin America. In our country, it is estimated that 26% of the population has malnutrition due to excess linked to poor diet and factors that influence their development. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the relationship between fat percentage and associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. For this reason, a descriptive observational correlational methodology with a transversal, qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a study sample of 253 students to whom the questionnaire on sociodemographic factors was applied and anthropometric measurements were taken. As a result, it was obtained that the adolescents had an average BMI of 22.24 kg/m²; The majority of adolescents (64.4%) according to the BMI/Age indicator have a normal nutritional status, 3.2% are malnourished and 28.5% are underweight. When we talk about overweight and obesity, the percentages are 3.2% and 0.8% respectively. In Height/Age, a predominance was obtained in normal height (60.9) and large normal height (25.3%). Regarding the percentage of fat, it was found that 64.4% had a normal percentage, 8.7% high and 25.3% very high, being higher in women than in men. In addition, a relationship was obtained between the percentage of fat and sex (p = 0.024), with the female gender predominating; No significant linear relationship was obtained with other sociodemographic data.