Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Evaluación de las características fisicoquímicas y funcionales del almidón de Chonta (Bactris gasipaes)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Azogue Buenaño, Carlos David; Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
    Chonta (Bactris gasipaes) is a native plant whose fruits have been underutilized despite its high starch and carotenoid content, which makes it a promising alternative for food applications. The physicochemical and functional properties of starch obtained from chonta were determined in order to promote its use in the industry. The physicochemical analysis revealed that chonta starch has a high content of fiber 0.74 percent and protein 1.11 percent, in relation to its other components moisture 11.91 percent, fat 0.40 percent and ash 0.22 percent, maintaining an acceptable purity. Likewise, a low amylose content of 13.52 percent was identified. As for functional properties, it was found that water absorption capacity ranged from 2.89 to 6.20 00 percent, while swelling power and solubility index increased progressively with temperature (60 to 90 degrees Celsius), reaching values of 2.93 to 6.40 and 3.86 to 7.00 percent, respectively. Viscosity analysis by RVA revealed a high gelatinization temperature (89.6 degrees Celsius), consistent with the results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed gelatinization temperatures of 91.43 degrees Celsius and a transition enthalpy of 14.91 Joules per gram. These functional properties highlight chonta starch as a versatile ingredient, suitable for applications as a gelling agent, emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry, thanks to its viscosity stability at high temperatures.
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    Formulación y análisis de un producto tipo cupcake a base de harina de quinua tostada (Chenopodium quinoa will Carl Otto) y harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum Carlos Linneo)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Pérez Navarrete, Jessica Alexandra; Fuentes Pérez, Esteban Mauricio
    The purpose of this research project was to prepare three different formulations of a cupcake-type product based on toasted quinoa flour (Chenopodium quinoa will) and wheat flour (Triticum aestivum), keeping the content of other ingredients constant, and to carry out physicochemical and sensory analyses and determine the nutritional composition in order to determine the most acceptable formulation. Quinoa is a pseudocereal rich in protein and fiber, which includes several important nutrients such as folic acid, magnesium, zinc and iron, this food is gluten-free, ideal for people with celiac disease, it also contains the nine essential amino acids that humans alone cannot produce, it also includes vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, making it an ideal choice for use in pastry and bakery products. An important characteristic of quinoa is its content of anti-nutrients, including saponin, which gives it a bitter taste when used, so the grain was toasted at a controlled temperature and time to counteract the bitter taste and odor that predominate in it. With the results of the sensory evaluation, it was possible to use the INFOSTAT program, which indicated that the ideal formulation and the one most accepted by the evaluators was formulation 1, with 30 percent toasted quinoa flour and 70 percent wheat flour.
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    Evaluación de las características fisicoquímicas y funcionales del almidón de miso (Mirabilis expansa)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Peñafiel Quilumba, Vanessa Liseth; Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
    Miso (Mirabilis expansa) is a native plant, native to the South American Andes, but at present, in Ecuador it is in danger of disappearing due to its scarce cultivation and consumption by local inhabitants and the lack of knowledge of its benefits, such as its high potential for starch production. The purpose of the present work was the extraction of starch from miso tuberous roots for the subsequent evaluation of its physicochemical and functional characteristics. The physicochemical characteristics determined in the miso starch obtained were: dry matter, moisture, ash, pH, fat, crude fiber, total starch and amylose, which are within the range of specifications for commercial starches used in food industries; however, the protein content was slightly higher. Among the functional properties, the water absorption index (WIA), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power (SWP), viscosity and gelatinization temperature were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Miso starch presented high IAA (3.23-10.65 g water per g sample) and high PH (3.34- 11.50 percent). The viscosity obtained by RVA met the specifications for commercial starches. The gelatinization temperature reached its highest peak at 71 degrees Celsius, which indicates that it can be used in processed foods at high temperatures, acting as a thickening agent, gelling agent or texture modifier.
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    Efecto del uso de harina de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia Xanthorrhiza) y mashua (Tropaeolum Tuberosum) en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales para la producción de yogur
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Acaro López, Jennifer Brigitte; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    Yogurt is one of the most consumed foods worldwide for its high nutritional value and its great variety of flavors and texture. Food culture has emphasized the innovation of plant-based products. Consumers are looking for healthy products that contribute to their health; therefore, the food industry has focused on the development of foods with non-conventional raw materials, with high nutritional value. The present research aims to evaluate the effect of the use of white carrot (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) flours on the physicochemical and sensory properties of a yogurt. The yogurt was made with raw milk with 3.19 percent fat, three formulations were made with different percentages of flour 0.3 percent; 0.6 percent, and 0.9 percent. The proximate composition, physicochemical and rheological properties and sensory analysis of each sample were determined in the product; these analyses were measured during the course of 20 days of storage at 4 degrees Celsius. The results obtained revealed that yogurt presented better characteristics in all analyses with 0.9 percent flour. A comparison with the control yogurt showed that the addition of flour helped to preserve the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of whole yogurt, and also improved its nutritional value, proving that mashua flour and white carrot flour are a favorable raw material for the production of whole yogurt.
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    Efecto de la aplicación de ozono gaseoso en la conservación postcosecha de la pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Muyulema Infante, Yessenia Nathaly; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
    The yellow pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) is widely accepted in the Ecuadorian and international markets due to its nutritional, nutraceutical and functional properties. However, its short shelf life during post-harvest storage generates important losses for the industry. In this sense, the present bibliographic research aims to synthesize the effect of the application of gaseous ozone on pitahaya as an alternative for postharvest conservation and to determine the effect of ozone on its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties. In view of the results, ozone treatment is an effective alternative against spoilage microorganisms such as mesophilic aerobic bacteria, molds and yeasts; this treatment proved to be effective because it reduced the microbial load present in the pitahaya. The research showed that gaseous ozone acts positively on the physicochemical and sensory quality since the treatment does not present significant changes in these properties.
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    Caracterización fisicoquímica y reológica de la harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum) obtenida de los pasajes del proceso de molienda en Molinos e Industrias Quito Cía. Ltda.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Bustillos Banda, Katty Alejandra; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
    The wheat grain is the main raw material in the flour production of the Ecuadorian industry, however, due to the demand for carbohydrate consumption worldwide, mainly bread, pasta and cookies; The milling sector has seen the need to increase the quality and performance of the flour through the implementation of new equipment and passages. The present research work was based on the physicochemical and rheological characterization of the flour fractions from the milling process passages, with which specific mixtures can be developed to achieve a flour with higher yield and bakery quality. During the experimental development of the research, through the physicochemical characterization of the flour fractions, it was obtained that the flour from the last crushing and compression mills (B5-PA, C4, C5, C5-H black) presented a high ash content, damaged starch, enzymatic activity, titratable acidity and lower moisture content, granulometry under #10 mesh and wet gluten. Finally, with the help of the rheological study of the flours in the Mixolab equipment, hand in hand with the physicochemical characterization, it was possible to develop an industrial aptitude organizer allowing to classify the flour fractions according to their strength and technological functionality as sliced bread, baguette, pizza, pasta and cookies.
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    Efecto de la temperatura y del poder de calentamiento en las propiedades térmicas de oca (Oxalis tuberosa), jícama (Smallanthus sonchifolius), mashua (tropaeolum tuberosum) y camote (Ipomea batatas)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-01) Rodríguez Maroto, Verónica Anabell; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    The knowledge of the food thermal properties is very useful, because they are essential dates for the planning of various thermal treatments, which are involved in the creation of industrial processes, equipment designs, process time estimation and production of food suitable for consumption and with a long commercial life. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and heating power on the food thermal properties (specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity) of four types of Andean tubers (sweet potato, jicama, mashua and oca), whole and in extract. The effect of temperature was determined at 8 and 16 Celsius degrees for specific heat by the method of mixtures and for thermal diffusivity at 35 and 60 Celsius degrees by the cylinder method; while thermal conductivity the effect of the heating power at 7.5 and 9 volts was evaluated by the probe method. The thermal properties of the four tubers studied were affected in all cases by the chemical composition, the structural changes of the food, as well as the temperature and the heating power. Jicama presented the highest value of specific heat and thermal conductivity, due to the high-water content. While total solids have an inversely proportional relationship with thermal diffusivity, due to the internal resistance they exert to heat transfer. On the other hand, the three thermal properties studied have higher values when working with extracts, because heat transfer in liquids is predominantly carried out by convection.
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    Efecto de la temperatura y del poder de calentamiento en las propiedades térmicas de melloco amarillo (Ullucus tuberosus), zanahoria blanca (Arrcacia xanthorrhiza), achira (Canna indica) y papa china (Colocasia esculenta)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-01) Caiza Farinango, Karina Marisol; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    The specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of four Andean tubers were determined, in order to obtain data that can be used in equipment design and process optimization. The experimentation was carried out in the whole tubers and their extracts, varying the temperatures (in the case of specific heat and thermal diffusivity) and varying the heating power (in the case of thermal conductivity). It was observed that the nutritional composition plays an important role in the analysis of specific heat and thermal diffusivity. However, in the thermal conductivity the fibrous structure and the porosity of the samples influence more. On the other hand, there are lower values of thermal conductivity at 5 volts; This dependence is due to the fact that the value of the power dissipated by the resistance is increased, and therefore the heat flux is increased. Finally, higher values are observed in the three thermal properties when working with the extracts, because the amount of water present in these samples produces a convective heat transfer that causes movement inside the fluid.
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    Aprovechamiento de la fruta de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) para la elaboración de dulce y su caracterización
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2019-11) Galarza Hidalgo, Elizabeth Adriana; Álvarez Calvache, Fernando Cayetano
    The purpose of this work is to prepare a tamarind candy with sucrose and stevia, in the candy its physicochemical, rheological, texture and microbiological properties were analyzed for six months to determine its shelf life. The sample with sucrose showed high results in terms of physicochemical properties such as pH (2.88), soluble solids (70.1 percent), allowing gelation of the candy with the addition of pectin, for the proximal analysis, the moisture and ash value was higher for stevia candy (28.75 percent and 0.824 respectively); owing to stevia doesn’t contribute with soluble solids. In the assessment of the texture the storage time look out that it is affected by the loss of water, being plainer in the samples made with stevia. Regarding the rheology, the candy was categorized as a viscoelastic fluid since the values obtained from the tangent of the angle ẟ were greater than the unit in both, the sucrose acting as a binding agent showed higher values for the modulus of storage (G ′) and loss module (G ′ ′). Likewise, the sensory analysis allowed us to establish that the sample with the highest acceptance was the one that included sucrose, but in terms of flavor. Finally, the determination of the useful life by means of the microbiological analysis was not affected by the incorporation of sucrose and stevia none of the samples showed microbial growth, nor the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.
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    Determinación de propiedades térmicas de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), melloco amarillo (Ullucus tuberosus), papa china (Colacasia esculenta) y achira (Canna edulis)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2019-12) Cando Tituaña, Silvia Maribel; Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
    Today, the large number of available foods creates a great demand for knowledge of thermal properties. These properties are important in any process of the food industry because they are related with costs, optimization and product quality. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to determine the thermal properties (specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of four Andean tubers (yellow melloco, white carrot, chinese potato and achira), both in whole tuber and in extract. The thermal properties were studied as a function of temperature. The specific heat was evaluated at 4 and 12 Celsius degrees, while the thermal diffusivity was monitored at 50 and 70 Celsius degrees. The specific heat was determined by the method of the mixtures and by differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal conductivity by the method of the probe and the thermal diffusivity by the method of the cylindrical object. As for the results, higher values of specific heat were observed in yellow melloco and achira keeping relation with the nutritional composition. While in thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity higher values were found in yellow melloco and lower values in achira. On the other hand, the thermal properties exhibited higher values when the extracts were evaluated, due to the reduction of air spaces, density and small resistance to heat transfer in this type of food matrices. On the other hand, chinese potato has the highest gelatinization temperature, being the most resistant to high temperatures.