Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación del efecto del ácido tereftálico en la producción de celulosa bacteriana por Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM2004
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2026-07)
Herrera Bermudes, Erick Ricardo
;
Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
The industrial-scale production of bacterial cellulose (BC) faces limitations associated with low yields and the high costs of conventional substrates, which justify the exploration of alternative additives such as terephthalic acid (TPA), derived from PET recycling. This study evaluated the effect of TPA supplementation on BC production using the strain Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM2004. The study analyzed the interaction of three critical factors: pH, TPA concentration, and cultivation type. The results indicated that the optimal condition was pH 6.5 with 1 percent TPA under static cultivation, achieving a yield of 4.62 g per L. Supplementation with 1 percent TPA enhanced yield compared to the conventional medium; however, increasing the concentration to 2 percent resulted in an inhibitory effect, particularly under agitated conditions, where glucose consumption ceased prematurely. FTIR characterization showed that TPA did not produce detectable alterations in the functional group’s characteristic of bacterial cellulose. Mechanical analysis revealed that the presence of the monomer influenced the flexibility and stiffness of the material, suggesting a possible plasticizing effect. Overall, the results suggest that the valorization of TPA derived from PET recycling may constitute a technically viable strategy for the production of advanced biomaterials, integrating circular economy principles into biotechnology.
Desarrollo de un material biodegradable a partir de borra de café para su aplicación en la cadena de suministro alimentario
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2026-01)
López Llundo, Estefanía Catalina
;
Moreno Miranda, Carlos Santiago
The disproportionate production of single-use plastic packaging in the food industry constitutes one of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity. Given this problem, the present investigation focused on developing a biodegradable material through the valorization of agro-industrial waste, specifically spent coffee grounds, which are rich in lignocellulosic compounds, to create sustainable alternatives. In this context, a biomaterial was developed from spent coffee grounds for application in the food supply chain. To achieve this, a transformation process was standardized, obtaining post-dried coffee grounds with a low moisture content. The biomaterials were produced from a mixture of potato starch (polymeric matrix), glycerin (plasticizer), and spent coffee grounds (reinforcement) using the casting technique and a room-temperature drying process. Three formulations with different proportions of spent coffee grounds were prepared to evaluate the effect of their addition on the resulting material's physico-mechanical properties. The results indicate a correlation between the amount of coffee grounds added and the material's functionality. Treatment 2 achieved the highest tensile strength, while Treatment 3 exhibited the best water stability. In terms of sustainability, Treatments 1 and 2 demonstrated high biodegradable potential, achieving a mass loss exceeding 40 percent over seven weeks of controlled composting. These data confirm the successful acquisition of biomaterials with real applications that can contribute to mitigating the environmental impact in the packaging sector.
Elaboración de una biopelícula comestible a base de residuo de almidón de papa, glicerol y torta de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante resolución No. UTA-CONIN-2025-0064-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2026)
Alvarez Panta, Kimberly Adriana
;
Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
This research developed and characterized an edible film made from local agro-industrial waste: potato starch, glycerol, and lupine cake (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet), with the aim of providing a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging. The formulation combined potato starch, selected for its gelling capacity, with glycerol as a plasticizer, improving elasticity, workability, and cohesion of the matrix. Lupine cake, a protein-rich byproduct, contributed proteins, fiber, and bioactive compounds, reinforcing the structure and adding functional and antioxidant properties to the film. The methodology included the preparation of two formulations with different component ratios, followed by physical- functional, mechanical, and microbiological tests. The analyses showed a uniform thickness of 0.12 mm, moderate solubility of 38.70 percent, and high water absorption of 383.81 percent, reflecting the hydrophilic nature of the system. Mechanical tests indicated a tensile strength of 0.77 MPa and an elongation of 14.94 percent, typical characteristics of plasticized films. Furthermore, the bioplastic demonstrated microbiological stability and favorable sensory acceptance, particularly in terms of appearance and texture. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using local agro-industrial byproducts to create sustainable, functional, and biodegradable films, offering an innovative solution that contributes to the circular economy and the reduction of single-use plastics. Additionally, it highlights the potential for revalorizing agro-industrial waste in the development of materials with a lower environmental impact.
Desarrollo de un material biodegradable a partir de la valorización de cáscara de naranja residual
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-07)
Tuabanda Chariguaman Geomaira Lizbeth
;
Moreno Miranda Carlos Santiago
This thesis addresses the development of a biodegradable material from the recovery of waste orange peel, a sustainable alternative to the use of conventional plastics. The importance of this topic lies in the need to reduce the environmental impact generated by plastic waste and, at the same time, add value to agro-industrial waste such as orange peel, which is widely available and rich in compounds useful for the production of biopolymers. The methodology used consisted of the collection and processing of orange peels using drying, grinding, and mixing techniques with film-forming agents. Formulation tests were conducted to obtain a homogeneous matrix, and the mechanical properties of the resulting material, such as its strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, were evaluated. Comparative analyses with similar materials were also performed to validate its viability as a biodegradable alternative. As a result of the research, it was concluded that orange peel can be effectively used as a raw material for the production of a biodegradable material with acceptable characteristics for non-structural applications. This type of development contributes to the utilization of organic waste, the circular economy, and the search for sustainable solutions within the food and packaging industries.
Caracterización de una biopelícula degradable a partir de cáscara de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis) reforzada con almidón de yuca (Manihot esculenta) para su uso en alimentos. Articulado al Proyecto de Investigación, aprobado mediante Resolución No. UTACONIN-2025-0065-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-07)
Peñafiel Cedeño Milena Lisbeth
;
Paredes Escobar Mayra Liliana
The use of petroleum-derived plastics in food packaging generates increasing environmental concerns due to their low biodegradability and persistence in ecosystems. As a sustainable alternative, bioplastics have gained growing interest in the food and environmental sectors. Chocho husk, an abundant agro-industrial byproduct in the Andean regions, stands out for its significant content of polysaccharides and structural compounds. On the other hand, cassava starch provides important film-forming properties, such as flexibility, transparency, and ease of processing for biodegradable films. The applied methodology consisted of preparing seven treatments with variable formulations combining chocho husk flour, cassava starch, and glycerol as a plasticizer. The raw materials were previously analysed to determine their physicochemical properties and enable proper formulation design. The resulting bioplastics were characterized through physicochemical and mechanical analyses, as well as biodegradability tests, including tensile strength, water vapor permeability, simulated migration, and soil degradation. The films were obtained using the casting technique, followed by controlled thermal drying at sixty degrees Celsius for fourteen hours. The results indicated that, although treatment seven showed good overall performance, treatment three stood out especially for its lighter color and a favourable balance between flexibility, mechanical resistance, and biodegradability over 28 days. These characteristics position treatment three as a preferred option for applications in food packaging where appearance is crucial.
Uso de las propiedades antimicrobianas del quitosano contra patógenos alimentarios
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02)
Flores Barona, Joselyne Anabell
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
This study focuses on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan to combat foodborne pathogens present in fresh cheeses, a significant public health problem due to foodborne illnesses. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for numerous foodborne infections, highlighting the need for effective alternatives to synthetic preservatives. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan as an antimicrobial agent against these pathogens. The methodology included the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by microdilution and disc diffusion techniques. Chitosan solutions were prepared, and their effects on E. coli and S. aureus strains isolated from fresh cheeses were evaluated. The results showed that chitosan had an MIC of 165 micrograms per millilitre for E. coli and 10 micrograms per millilitre for S. aureus, indicating an increased susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, inhibition percentages of 62.5 percent for E. coli and 60 percent for S. aureus were observed. The most relevant findings suggest that chitosan is a promising natural preservative capable of inhibiting the growth of food pathogens, which could improve food safety and extend the shelf life of dairy products such as fresh cheeses without compromising their quality. Further studies are recommended to optimize its application in the food industry.
Eficiencia del almidón de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) como agente encapsulante sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de la doxiciclina
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Aponte Urrutia, Kerly Anais
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Doxycycline is an antibiotic of great interest in the health area, since it serves as a treatment for a variety of bacterial infections, but it has a drawback since it tends to degrade very easily at the time of its production, that is why new alternatives have been sought to preserve its bioactive components and protect it from contamination and even increase its bioavailability with the help of microencapsulation which is a technique that uses encapsulating materials such as natural polymers in order to generate greater effectiveness in encapsulation. For this, three suspensions were made with different proportions, using analysis techniques and verification of microencapsulation efficiency which were, performance analysis, statistical analysis, thermograms by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antimicrobial evaluation, which was carried out by means of antibiograms of diffusion disks in Müller Hinton agar, to determine the inhibition of the microencapsulate against the E. coli bacteria. Through the different analyses carried out, it was obtained that the best performance and inhibition halos were given in the proportion 20:80, in addition to this, through the thermograms it was possible to observe the melting peaks where it was also represented that the best curve was that of the proportion 20:80. This is thanks to the fact that with a higher polymeric load, the percentage of microencapsulation efficiency increases. This could also be observed with the help of an-ANOVA analysis, which allowed the most significant performance to be seen through statistical graphs.
Caracterización de la celulosa bacteriana producida a través de combinaciones de Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM2004 y los consorcios PDC21 y PDC25
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Tiban Mullo, Bibiana Liseth
;
Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
Bacterial cellulose is a biopolymer of great commercial interest due to its high purity, high degree of crystallinity and superior mechanical properties compared to cellulose derived from vegetable sources. However, its high production cost has limited its use on an industrial scale. To reduce these costs, it is essential to explore techniques that optimize cellulose biosynthesis, such as the use of co-culture methods that increase the robustness of the production system and enhance the yield through synergistic interactions. In the present study, bacterial cellulose produced by combinations of a standard strain and the microbial consortia PDC21 and PDC25 was characterized, evaluating the production in co-cultures versus monocultures. Cellulose morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical composition by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and crystallinity was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the resulting fermentation broths were characterized to understand the differences between co-culture and monoculture productions. The co-culture treatments demonstrated higher cellulose yields compared to their monocultures. Although all treatments exhibited similar chemical characteristics, variability was observed in the morphology and crystallinity of the cellulose produced. Significant differences were also identified in the physical and chemical characteristics of the fermentation broths. This study evidenced the potential of bacterial co-cultures to improve cellulose production efficiency.
Evaluación de la biodegradación y propiedades mecánicas de diferentes formulaciones de bioplástico obtenidas a partir del aprovechamiento de colágeno residual y almidón de papa (Solanum tuberosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Miquinga Lasluisa, Cinthya Alejandra
;
Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
Plastic pollution is one of the most critical problems we face, as the population continues to prefer this material for its versatility in daily life. However, the accumulation of plastics causes serious problems in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, affecting all beings that inhabit them. In addition, poor waste management has similar repercussions. This study focused on evaluating the biodegradation and mechanical properties of a bioplastic made from biopolymers recovered from organic waste, such as starch and collagen. For the production of bioplastics, collagen and starch were extracted by thermal hydrolysis and the wet method. Different formulations were used, varying the concentrations of starch and collagen, and two plasticizers were used: polyvinyl alcohol and glycerin. The aim was to develop a rapidly degrading material with optimal mechanical strength characteristics. It was determined that the most efficient collagen extraction was achieved at 120 minutes, with the highest yield. The presence of glycerin increased the flexibility of the sheets, while polyvinyl alcohol gave them more rigidity. The sample with a 1:1 ratio of flesh collagen showed higher tensile strength compared to the others. In biodegradation tests, faster decay was observed in water than on land; On land, the sheets with flesh collagen degraded more quickly. Therefore, it can be deduced that sheets made with flesh collagen and wet blue have optimal characteristics for the manufacture of bioplastics.
Obtención de nano-celulosa bacteriana utilizando hidrolizados de bagazo de caña y cáscara de cacao
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Sailema Sailema, Erick Fabricio
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, and various applications in medicine and industry are being investigated. Most of it is found in plants (vegetable cellulose). However, the production of vegetable cellulose faces deforestation and costly purification processes problems. On the other hand, there are bacterial cellulose which has several advantages due to its characteristics; however, its production cost at industrial scale still exhibits problems. Therefore, use agro-industrial waste from cocoa and sugarcane as a carbon source to obtain bacterial cellulose presents a possible solution to the problem. Consequently, it was proposed to evaluate hydrolysis treatments on agro-industrial wastes to obtain fermentable sugars, which will be the carbon source in minimal mediums. Subsequently, cellulose yield produced by two acetic strains (PDC21 and PDC 25) and Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2004 (DSM 2004) was evaluated in the same medium. Once the appropriate treatment to produce cellulose was determined, which consisted of the use of cocoa shell hydrolyzate and the DSM 2004 bacteria, two cellulose hydrolysis methods were compared to obtain one of its derivatives, nano-cellulose, which was characterized morphologically by FT-IR and SEM. The research demonstrated the suitability of use hydrolysates of cocoa shell waste and sugarcane bagasse as low-cost carbon sources to produce bacterial cellulose. In addition, it was determined that the hydrolysis treatments used to obtain nano-cellulose do not influence its morphology.

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