Maestría en Nutrición vegetal

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/31989

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 28

Aislamiento, caracterización cultural, morfológica, patogénica e identificación de genes AVR en Cladosporium fulvum Cooke.
(2023-12) Sánchez Ortiz, Aldo Martin; Leiva Mora, Michel
Gray mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum was described by Cooke in 1883, which develops in nightshades, specifically in tomato crops, causing damage from the youngest leaves to the top of the plant. The objective of this research was to "Isolate and characterize culturally, morphologically and pathogenically monosporic isolates of Cladosporium fulvum" obtained from signs of gray mold on Solanum lycopersicum leaves to identify the presence or absence of Avr genes in the cantons of the province of Tungurahua (Ambato, Baños, Cevallos, Mocha, Patate, Pelileo, Píllaro, Tisaleo). For isolation, the leaf printing method was applied in potato dextrose (PDA) culture medium with gentamicin sulfate, to describe the cultural and morphological characteristics, the microculture method was used accompanied by the observation of fungal structures under an optical microscope. of transmitted light. In the pathogenic characterization, the isolates of C. fulvum were activated The conidia were counted in the Neubauer chamber of the differential cultivars previously sown on substrates and the inoculum was applied with a manual sprayer. For amplification, DNA extraction and lyophilization of each of the isolates was carried out prior to development. of conventional PCR with two denaturations at 94°C with different cycles and an annealing at 55°C and 34 cycles with a final extension of 72°C. Obtaining that in the 8 cantons of the province of Tungurahua they all showed olive green colors on the obverse, while on the back it was black, with a superficial elevation, plush texture and irregular shape, lobed edges and in some isolates there was pigmentation and perspiration liquid, the mycelial growth in the colonies was obtained with a length of 5.93 µm, width 2.8 µm, hyphae 5.37 µm and conidiophores 32.97 µm average values. In the pathogenic characterization it was evident that the degree of affectation 1 represented between 1 to 5% of the surface of leaves with signs of C. fulvum, while 2 varied from 6 to 20% in the differential cultivars (Cf0-Cf2- Cf4- Cf5-Cf6), finally in the detection of the presence or absence of genes, the presence of the genes Avr2, Avr4e, Ecp2, Ecp4 and Ecp5 and total absence of the genes Avr4, Avr9 and Ecp1 were observed. Based on the results and the tests carried out, it was possible to create bases for the selection of resistance genes for the production of S. lycopersicum hybrids in the province of Tungurahua.
Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de bacterias con capacidad fijadora de nitrógeno atmosférico asociadas con la rizosfera de Solanum tuberosum L. Var. Superchola
(2024-02) Muñoz Muñoz, Kevin Alexis; Leiva Mora, Michel
The present research was developed with the purpose of isolating, characterizing and identifying in vitro atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum var. Superchola; as well as to determine their effect on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses. Isolates were obtained from four localities in the province of Tungurahua, which were culturally and morphologically characterized. The in vitro atmospheric nitrogen fixation capacity was determined using modified Jensen culture medium, and molecular identification was performed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes. Finally, the effect of the bacterial isolates on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses was determined. The results showed that in the canton of Píllaro there was the highest quantity of CFU. g-1 of soil (9.08 x 109), in the cultural characterization 87% had smooth texture, 42% flat surface, 82% smooth consistency, 42% circular shape, 84% entire margin and 95% showed brightness. In the morphological characterization of the isolates, 84% were Gram (-) bacteria and 95% were bacilli. The bacterial isolate with the highest atmospheric nitrogen-fixing potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN1 and the one with the lowest potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN15. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes identified the strains Pseudomonas sp. (CC-FCAGP-BFN1, CC-FCAGP-BFN16), CC-FCAGP-BFN14) and Paraburkholderia dipogonis (CC-FCAGP-BFN24), which showed a high capacity for atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Likewise, the bacterial strain CC-FCAGP-BFN1 (Pseudomonas sp.) was the only one that increased leaf area, fresh and dry mass and leaf area index of S. tuberosum vitroplants. Based on the above results, four bacterial strains were identified from the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum, one of which was the most promising for favoring vegetative growth due to its high capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de rizobacterias de Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola con capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos.
(2024-02) Ati Tamayo, Juan David; Leiva Mora, Michel
Análisis de extracto de savia para determinar el estado nutricional del cultivo de rosa
(2023-02) Miranda Guevara, Carla Jasmin; Lindao Córdova, Víctor Alberto
The present research work seeks to determine the nutritional levels of the rose bush by means of rapid measurement equipment in situ, in order to recommend and evaluate the efficiency of fertigation. For the measurements of the nutrient content in the sap, vegetative stems were used in the rice state, monitoring the collection temperature of the samples at 15 °C, 10 stems were cut for each repetition, defoliating and measuring 10 cm of the stem, they were crushed. the pieces of stems and the sap was extracted by means of a syringe, these samples were placed in the Horiba sensors for analysis. The nutrient solutions of the soil were extracted from the suction lysimeter or sucker, by means of an emptying of the sucker and they were placed in the horiba sensors for their respective analysis. It was found that the higher the temperature and radiation, the higher the absorption of the elements at the sap level, likewise, the lower these parameters are, the lower the absorption at the sap level. In the case of the sucker analysis, the higher the temperature, the nutrient content in the solution will be higher, because evapotranspiration allows a greater flow of masses and movement of the elements contained in the soil, otherwise it occurs when the temperature and radiation are less. Therefore, it is determined that the use of the Horiba meters allows a quick and efficient assessment of the absorption of nutrients in the cultivation of the rose.
Determinación del índice de requerimiento de fertilización de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variedad Extremo a partir del análisis del extracto de savia
(2024-12) Peñaloza Lozada María Belén; Peña Murillo Robinson Fabricio
Optimizing fertilization in horticultural crops can increase both yield and product quality while minimizing environmental impact. Traditionally, fertilization plans are based on soil analyses, which, however, do not always accurately reflect the specific nutritional needs of the plant. Sap analysis emerges as an alternative to assess the nutritional status of plants in real time. In the present research, the fertilization requirement index for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety Extremo was determined by analyzing the sap extract. The contents of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were quantified using the ion-selective electrode system, known as the LAQUAtwin meter, whose results were compared with those obtained by conventional tissue analysis methods. A high positive correlation was observed between both methods, with correlation values (r) ranging between 0.851 for phosphorus and 0.991 for nitrogen. Regarding primary nutrients (N, P and K), significant variations were identified depending on the crop development stage, with the highest absorption rates recorded at 30 (vegetative growth) and 60 (reproductive growth) days after transplant (dat). At 120 dat, a decrease in absorption was observed, especially of nitrogen and phosphorus, with this reduction being more pronounced in nitrogen. In contrast, calcium showed an increasing trend depending on the phenological state of the crop. Regarding magnesium, its absorption increased between 30 and 60 dat, then decreased towards the end of the cycle. Regarding micronutrients, an increase in the absorption of iron and manganese was observed between 30 and 60 dat, followed by a decrease until the end of the cycle, being more pronounced for manganese. Copper showed a decrease in absorption to 60 dat, with a subsequent increase towards the end of the cycle, while zinc showed a general tendency to decrease as the crop cycle progressed.
Efecto de 3 soluciones nutritivas en el cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculententum Mill.), variedad Miramar injerto en briomino, bajo invernadero
(2024-11) Riofrío Moreano Víctor Paúl; Marco Oswaldo Pérez Salinas
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three fertigation nutrient solutions on the yield of tomato crops (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), var. Miramar graft in briomino, under a greenhouse, in the San Pedro del Quinto sector, Chambo canton, province of Chimborazo. The nutrient solutions were formulated based on a previous soil analysis and a standard solution of H, P, K, Ca, Mg which was increased by 25% and decreased by 25%; in addition to a control to which no fertigation was applied but only foliar fertilization with applications in the same weeks as the rest of the treatments. For the statistical analysis of the variables: plant height, number of fruits per cluster, weight, diameter and color of the fruit and yield, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with three repetitions was used.Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that nutrient solution 2 generated a higher yield of the tomato crop, followed by nutrient solution 3, both located in range A, according to the Tukey test at 5%. In addition, it was determined that both nutrient solution 2 and nutrient solution 3 obtained the best results when evaluating the number of fruits, weight, diameter and color of the fruit. Finally, it was determined that nutrient solution 2 was the treatment that obtained the highest net benefit and the highest marginal return rate (MRR), being the most economical treatment and the highest yield.
Efecto de la aplicación de dos fertilizantes edáficos y tres fertilizantes foliares sobre la producción y rentabilidad del cultivo de banano (Musa AAA.) en el cantón Baba
(2023-06) Mendoza Campelo, Carlos Alberto; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
Banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivation is important in many countries, and its nutrition is essential for optimal production and profitability. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil and foliar fertilizers on the production and profitability of banana cultivation in the Baba canton. Several variables were evaluated, such as the height of the plant, the diameter of the pseudostem, the number of leaves and the weight of the bunch. The results showed that the different fertilizers and bionutrients applied had a positive impact on the banana crop of cv 'Galil 12' Gran dwarf superior (Musa spp. AAA, Cavendish subgroup). In particular, the combination of Fertcampo+Pronter Plus and Fertcampo+Bionutriente increased bunch weight and the number of hands per bunch, while the combination of Fertcampo+Bionutriente, Multifert+Natura Energy and Fertcampo+Natura Energy increased rachis weight. In addition, the interaction between edaphic and foliar fertilizers significantly affected the bunch weight and the rachis weight of the 'Galil 12' Gran enano superior cultivar, which suggests the importance of adequate fertilization to achieve a better yield. All the treatments tested, including the commercial control of the company Inversiones Dalton Valarezo, were profitable because the benefitcost ratio was greater than unity. However, the highest level of profitability was achieved with the use of Multifert + Fronter Plus and Multifert + Natura Energy Plus. In conclusion, this study shows that the proper use of soil and foliar fertilizers can significantly improve the production and profitability of banana cultivation, which may have important implications for the banana industry and for the reduction of environmental problems
Efecto de soluciones nutritivas en sistema semi hidropónico automatizado sobre la respuesta morfológica, fisiológica, rendimiento agrícola y calidad de Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión
(2024-08) Garcés Yugcha, Edison Israel; Leiva Mora, Michel
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of nutrient solutions in an automated semi hydroponic system on the morphological, physiological, agricultural yield, and quality response of Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión in Tungurahua province, Tisaleo canton. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of different nutrient solutions was used: standard nutrient solution (T1), 25% reduced standard nutrient solution (T2), 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3), and 25% increased standard nutrient solution (T4). The standard solution was based on the crop's requirements for each phenological stage, with the growth and development stage being the most representative at 29.03 ppm N, 4.23 ppm P, 23.79 ppm K, 14.38 ppm Ca, 4.07 ppm Mg, and 1.96 ppm S; and the fruiting stage at 19.38 ppm N, 3.28 ppm P, 22.57 ppm K, 6.44 ppm Ca, 3.18 ppm Mg, and 1.25 ppm S. Variables such as plant height, stolon number, leaflet number per plant, root length, leaf and root dry mass, fruit weight by category, average yield (g/plant), and soluble solids content were evaluated from transplanting to 176 DAT. The outstanding results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the effect of the different nutrient solutions on root length, fruit weight by category, and soluble solids content. It was concluded that from the growth and development stage, the standard nutrient solution (T1) showed the best results, while for the physiological characteristics, the best results were obtained with the 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3).
Efecto de tres fuentes y tres dosis de potasio en el rendimiento de papa china, cultivar “blanca” [Colocasia esculenta (L.) schott] en la parroquia El Triunfo, provincia de Pastaza
(2021-04) Pineda Morales, Noé Efraín; Leiva Mora, Michel
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sources and doses of K+ on the agricultural yield of Chinese potato, cultivar "white", because there is no history of similar studies in our country. During the experimental field phase at harvest time (210 days after planting, dpp) the following variables were evaluated: weight of cormels per plant, quality categories of cormels (first-class cormels 100 - 200 g, second 50 - 100 g and third less than 50 g), number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per category and yield of cormels per hectare, benefit-cost ratio-1 (BC-1). All the sources of potassium increased agricultural yield, although the KNO3 fertilization source was the one that showed the greatest increase. When 99.6 g. plant-1 of KNO3 were applied, the highest quantity of cormels of C. esculenta cultivar “blanca” was obtained with first-rate quality. The fertilization treatment based on the application of 49.9 g. KCl's plant-1 was the one that generated the highest profit per dollar invested. However, in all treatments that used potassium sources, the profit was increased when compared to the control without fertilization. Profits ranged from US $ 0.3 to US $ 1.1 per every dollar invested.
Efecto del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfo-fisiológica de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. var. Cecilia en invernadero
(2024-02) Del Castillo Bastidas Danny Fabián; Munóz Espinosa, Manolo Sebastián
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different proportions of biocarbon (Tectopore) and peat as a substrate, on the morpho-physiological response of Solanum tuberosum L. Var vitroplants. Cecilia under greenhouse conditions. For the investigation, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used with 10 repetitions per treatment, integrating one vitroplant for each experimental unit. The treatments that were applied were the following: T1 (100% Tectopore), T2 (80% Tectopore + 20% Peat), T3 (50% Tectopore + 50% Peat), T4 (20% Tectopore + 80% Peat) and T5 (100% Peat). The variables that were analyzed were the survival rate of the plants, the number of shoots present, the number and length of the roots, presence, length and thickness of nodes, as well as the distance between nodes, the leaf area of the leaves, plant height, fresh matter, dry matter, number of mini tubers, weight and diameter of these. Finally, an analysis of the macro- and micronutrient content of the plants was carried out. The research findings determined that the incorporation of biocarbon significantly improved the survival percentage of the vitroplants, as well as the morphological response and nutrient content in them. In particular, T5 demonstrated superior results in the variables studied. In addition to this, variations in micro- and macronutrient concentrations highlighted the positive influence of biochar on the nutritional status of plants, where specific treatments reflected a tendency to meet the needs of certain nutrients. Keywords: biochar, explants, Solanum tuberosum, vitroplants
Efecto del tipo y forma de fertilización sobre la inducción de resistencia al ataque de Tetranychus urticae Koch en plantas de fresa
(2023-06) Villacreses Pallo, Valeria Paola; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
The two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is included among the phytophagous mites most frequently found in most strawberry-producing areas worldwide and it is capable of damaging the crop. Due to the damage caused in this crop, the need to look for alternatives to reduce the use of chemical products is highlighted, among which the use of natural enemies in biological control programs and the use of the natural resistance of plants stand out. In this research, the effect of the type and form of fertilization on the induction of resistance to the attack of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Albion variety strawberry plants were evaluated. The effect of four types of fertilization was evaluated (F1: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied on leaf; F2: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied in soil; F3: 50% fertilization inorganic NPK + biofertilizer applied in soil and F4: 50% of inorganic NPK fertilization + biofertilizer applied on leaf) on oviposition, longevity and antixenosis in T. urticae in strawberry plants variety Albion. These parameters were compared with the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Oviposition was not affected by fertilization and varied from 5.3 eggs/female in plants that were treated with the F3 treatment to 6.4 eggs/female in plants treated with F4. On the contrary, the longevity of T. urticae females was influenced by fertilization, being significantly lower when the females were reared on leaves of plants that were treated with F3. Additionally, an effect of the type of fertilization and the sampling date was observed on the number of mites present in strawberry plants of Albion, observing that the lower preference shown by T. urticae was observed in plants treated with F3, in which found 0.67 mites/leaf, followed by plants fertilized with F1, where the number of mites was 1.18 individuals/leaf and in plants treated with F4 with 1.64 mites/leaf. Fertilization also affected the content of both phenols and total flavonoids. According to the results, the biofertilizer improved the absorption of nutrients, making them more efficient in activating the resistance mechanisms of the plant, for which it could be used to take advantage of the benefits not only in crop fertilization but also in its potential use for pest management of economic importance.
Efecto del uso de biofertilizantes sobre los parámetros productivos y rendimiento de col (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
(2023-06) Corrales Gutiérrez, Paul Andrés; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto Cristóbal
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is one of the most important commercial vegetables worldwide; however, in many cases a decrease in productivity has been observed, together with an increase in production costs and dependence on external inputs, which consequently represents a deterioration in the quality of life of farmers and damage to the environment. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the use of biofertilizers on the productive parameters and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). The effect of a commercial Azotobacter biofertilizer was evaluated, which was applied at the 25-day-old seedling level individually or combined with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) in presentations of 80-40-40 NPK kg.ha-1, 120-60- 60 NPK kg.ha-1 and 160-80-80 NPK kg.ha-1. A significant effect of the use of Azotobacter + F2-120-60-60 NPK kg.ha-1 on plant height was observed, which was evident from the evaluations at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting with means of 17.75; 32.30 and 52.68 cm, respectively. This treatment also showed the best results in diameter, pellet weight and yield, with 20.5 cm diameter pellets being obtained, with an average weight of 4.2 kg and an average yield of 116.8 t.ha1, while that with the rest of the treatments the yield varied from 66.9 to 77.5 t.ha-1, which represented a decrease of 42.9 and 33.7%. Based on the results, it was shown that the use of conventional inorganic fertilizers in combination with Azotobacter-based biofertilizers promotes the productive parameters of this crop, so it is concluded that this could be a viable option in the production of cabbage
Eficiencia de la aplicación de aceite ozonificado en la nutrición del Delphinium sp. en la parroquia Montalvo
(2022-11) Yánez Villacís, Juan José; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
In Ecuador the cultivation of Delphinium has gained in acceptance, as well as the use of ozonated oils to reduce damage caused by pests. Developing experiences that allow determining the effect of ozonized products on the health of Delphinium varieties could create new opportunities for organic management in the flower market with greater care for the health of producers and caring for the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate combinations of doses of Agrozoil and varieties of Delphinium spp. on the production index, physiological response and profitability in the Montalvo parish. To comply with the experimental stage, a randomized complete block design was used with the following specifications: 3 doses of ozonized oil combined with 5 varieties of Delphinium, 5 controls without Agrozoil and 3 repetitions for each treatment. The following variables were evaluated: harvest percentage, production index, time to harvest, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and inflorescence height, as well as a greater number of flowers. The fresh mass and the dry mass in the root, stem, leaves and flowers were also determined. According to the results obtained, the highest percentage of harvest and production index was reached when 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil was applied in the Guinevere and Blue bird varieties. In the Galahat variety, the time to harvest was reduced by 20 days when using 5 and 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil. When 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil was applied in Astolat and Summer skies, a greater height and diameter of the stem was reached. Combining 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in Summer skies increased stem height, stem diameter, leaf area, and inflorescence height as well as a greater number of flowers. When applying 5 mL.L-1 and 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in the Galahat variety as well as 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in the Guinevere variety, a greater number of leaves per plant was reached. The greatest fresh mass of the root was observed in Astolat without Agrozoil, while when using 3 ml of Agrozoil this variety reached the greatest fresh mass of the stem. The combination of 7 ml of Agrozoil in the Astolat, Galahat and Guinevere varieties as well as in Guinevere without Agrozoil had greater fresh mass in the leaves. With 7 ml of Agrozoil in Blue bird, greater dry matter was obtained in the root, while the application of 7 ml of Agrozoil in Astolat increased the dry matter in the stem and in the leaves. Finally, the spraying of 7 ml of Agrozoil in the Astolat and Blue bird varieties achieved a greater dry mass of the flowers. In accordance with the stated results, it was found that the Agrozoil product in some Delphinium varieties and with some doses of Agrozoil had a positive effect on the growth, development and reproductive phase, which lays the foundations for introducing Agrozoil within integrated management strategies in this flower crop.
Equilibrio catiónico en la productividad del cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) variedad amarillo gigante
(2023-12) Morocho Quishpi, María Manuela; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
The cultivation of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) in Ecuador energizes the local economy of small and medium producers in the provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua and Chimborazo, however, poor nutritional management results in a considerable reduction of productivity and quality of the fruit. In the El Altar parish, Penipe, the productive response of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav) giant yellow variety to the application of three cationic balances T1 (55% Ca, 20% K, 25 Mg), T2 (60%) was determined. Ca, 30%K, 10%Mg), T3 (80% Ca, 15%K, 5%Mg). Different variables were evaluated, such as fruit weight and diameter, number of fruit plant-1, plant yield-1, yield ha-1. and % dry matter. The results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between the cationic balance doses on the yield of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav). In particular, the T2 treatment of cationic balance (60% Ca, 30% K, 10% Mg) is the one that presented the best response for the agronomic variables under study with a productivity of 44 Tn. ha-1. All treatments evaluated, including the absolute control, were profitable because the benefit-cost ratio was greater than unity. However, the highest level of profitability was achieved with the use of the cationic balance (60% Ca, 30% K, 10% Mg) with a value of 2,9 In short, the study shows that the optimal balance of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) in the soil can significantly improve the productivity and profitability of tree tomato cultivation.
Evaluación de cama caliente en la propagación asexual de arándanos (vaccinium myrtillus)
(2023-12) Vaca Mayorga, Christian Ruperto; Curay Quisphe, Segundo Euclides
The present investigation was carried out on the property of Eng. Ruperto Vaca, in the Tambo Centro hamlet of the Cevallos Canton of the province of Tungurahua, the origin of the cuttings is from 3-year-old plants from the Corp Harvest company located in the Huachi Grande parish from the Ambato canton. An experimental investigation was carried out with a completely randomized design with the following specifications: 3 types of substrates, 2 classes of hormones, 2 temperatures and their respective control, Tukey significance tests were applied at 5% to differentiate between treatments. The analysis of variance was carried out and the Tukey test at 5 was performed on the source of variation corresponding to treatments. The data that was analyzed were: Growth of the cutting, length of the root, days to rooting, percentage of rooting, number of roots. The economic analysis was carried out using the benefit-cost relationship. It is concluded that the temperature applied to the blueberry cuttings with the implementation of hot beds directly affects the rooting of the cuttings since in all the variables studied in this experiment the best results were achieved. By studying the effect of rooting hormones, it was determined that the application of ANA influences the variables of cutting growth and root length, while the days to rooting, the percentage of rooting and the number of roots had better results with the IBA application. The substrate that provided the most suitable conditions for the rooting of blueberry cuttings in the experiment was coconut fiber, which had the best results in the variables studied, which is why it was established as the best to be used for blueberry rooting. in warm beds.
Evaluación de dos fungicidas para el manejo de oídio (Oidium sp.) en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus)
(2024-02) Lluglla Manotoa, Doris Elizabeth; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
The blackberry (Rubus glaucus) is traditionally cultivated by small and medium-sized producers in the Sierra, it contributes in a very important way to the generation of economic resources and improving their quality of life. It has also been affected by the attack of pests and diseases due to edaphoclimatic conditions, the diseases that most attack the blackberry crop are Oidium sp, Anthracnose and Peronospora sparsa. The present investigation was carried out in the Tisaleo canton, Chilco la Esperanza hamlet, Nueva Esperanza neighborhood entitled "Evaluation of two fungicides for the management of Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp.) in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus glaucus)", where the components study were different chemicals; Score with a dose of (0.375; 0.5; 0.625) and Predostar with a dose of (1.125; 1.5; 1.875). The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with two products, three doses and a control (2*3+1). The variables evaluated were: incidence, severity, fruit weight and yield. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for the respective variables. At the conclusion of the analysis of the titration work, it was observed that the best treatment for the management of Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp.) was the PID3 treatment with the Score product with a dose of 0.625 ml/L, in comparison to the other treatments, being the most efficient to reduce the percentage of incidence and severity, where it helped to obtain a heavier fruit, therefore, increasing crop yield. Keywords: Blackberry, Powdery mildew, Sheet music, Predostar, Dose
Evaluación de giberelina y citoquinina en la inducción floral y rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Variedad Albión
(2022-08) Valle Naranjo, Gustavo Daniel; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
The present work was done at Cevallos Canton, Tungurahua province and the aim was to determine the effect of gibberellin (AG3) and Cytokinin (Kinetin) on flower induction and yield of Fragaria ananassa Duch. cultivar “Albión” because not any studies have been executed in this scenario. During the experimental development in trial for the first flowering cycle the following variables were evaluated; days to flowering and number of flower per plant at the first producing cycle (3 months), also number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits, equadorial and polar diameter, Total Solid Solubles (TSS), dry matter, yield per hectare and Benefic. Cost rate were. When we applied 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 25 mg.L-1 kinetin, the days to flowering were reduced in 12.5%, 13.8% of fresh weight increased respect to control without hormones. When 15 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin were applied flower numbers increased in 20% and number of fruits in 17,4%. The spray of 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin increased equadorial diameter in 1.3% and the polar diameter in 2.0 %. After application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L1 Kinetin dry matter was higher in 1.16 % respect to control. Combined mixtures of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.125 mg.L-1 Kinetin, 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin and 15,0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, reduced acidity in 0.48% in comparison with the control. For Total Solids Soluble no effect was observed after AG3 and Kinetin in any combination. The most profitable treatment was the application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, which reach $ 0.37 per invested dollar. The mixture of AG3 and Kinetin using different doses and combinations in F. ananassa, variety Albión, let us an efficient managements of flower induction, increased yield for selecting the best combination of plant hormones to reach higher profitability, aspect of great concern to farmers of strawberry at Cevallos Canton from Tungurahua province. Keywords: GA3, Albión, biostimulant, phytohormone, phytoregulator, bloom, Fragaria, strawberry, gibberellin, kinetin.
Evaluación de grados brix como herramienta para determinar el punto óptimo de cosecha con dos aplicaciones de k en tomate (Solanum lycorpersicum M.), en San Antonio de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador
(2021-04) Silva Barrera, José Miguel; Pantoja, José Luis
One problem in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum M.) production is the postharvest losses (PPC) due to the extremely high maturity stage (EC) at which the tomato reaches local markets. Determining an optimal harvest stage (POC) based on Brix measurements (°B, an indirect measure of the total dissolved solids (SST) content) helps to decrease tomato losses, but it have not been evaluated in Ecuador yet. Furthermore, it is possible to increase tomato productivity through K foliar sprays (KF). The purpose was to determine a tomato POC with the use of °B measurements as an estimative of the SST in four EC and identify whether the KF have any effects over the ripening process and total weight. Four EC were selected and two levels of KF (0 and 12 kg K ha-1) were applied to them six times. A divided parcel (four plant per plot) with four replicates in a randomized complete block (RCB) arrangement design was used. It was evaluated the average tomato weight, equatorial and polar diameters, Brix degrees, acidity, and total yield. The °B and the productivity of tomato did not have a relation because the highest °B was obtained at red maturity stage (p = 0.03). Nevertheless, this is not useful to tomato growers because the EC is very high, and it increases the PPC. However, the application of KF increased in 6% the average tomato weight, and it also increased in 11% the total yield (p < 0.10). It could be presumed that K enhanced the activation of several enzymes which promoted photosynthesis, increased sugar flow, and regulated water efficiency on the plant. Additionally, it was determined that the tomato POC was at light red EC because at that stage were obtained the highest results of tomato weight and diameter. In economic terms, the application of KF in addition to harvest the tomatoes at light red EC provided a profitability to tomato growers of US$ 1.35 for each US$ 1.00 invested. Thus, the application of KF and harvest the tomatoes at light red EC could be an alternative to maximize the total yield of the crop and minimize the PPC of tomato.
Evaluación de la extracción de n, p y k en el cultivo de Brócoli Var. Avenger
(2021-04) Escobar, Edgar Hernán; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
The increase in the consumption of broccoli Brassica oleracea worldwide, for Ecuador in recent years represents a crop of great economic importance. The lack of studies in the country on the requirements demanded by the crop for correct fertilization significantly affects the productivity and quality of broccoli. The objective of this study was to identify the level of N, P and K extraction in the broccoli Brassica oleraca var. Avenger. It was developed in the parish of Mulaló, in the province of Cotopaxi. The research was developed in an open field crop, under a quantitative approach in a non-experimental type of research at a descriptive level. The methodology for the extraction levels and obtaining N, P and K extraction curves, a cultivation area of 2 ha was established, with a sowing density of 55,000 plants ha-1, for the analysis 12 elite plants were selected At 35, 56, 75 and 95 dat, they were sent to the laboratory for analysis, the extraction results of the main macronutrients demanded by the plant were N 348.6 kg ha-1, P 61.7 kg ha-1, and K 295.2 kg ha-1, and the mathematical models of each nutrient were determined with a confidence level for N of 0.95, P of 0.96 and K of 1.0. It is recommended to consider that at 75 dat the accumulated extraction level of 251.8 kg ha-1 of K and 213.2 kg ha-1 of N influences the formation and development of the pellet.
Evaluación del comportamiento del cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) bajo diferentes niveles de nitrógeno en el cantón Colta, provincia de Chimborazo
(2023-06) Cuvi Ramírez, Edisson Geovanny; López Villacís, Isabel Cristina
Coriander is a crop of economic importance for its culinary and pharmaceutical uses; however, its productivity can be affected by both weather variations and deficiencies in fertilization plans. In the present investigation, the effect of the nitrogen fertilization dose on the yield and quality of the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) crop was evaluated in Canton Colta, province of Chimborazo, using three sources of nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate and Ferthigue) were used at three doses levels (high, medium and low) on the parameters plant height, number of petioles, root length, fresh weight of the plant, time to harvest and yield in purple coriander plants. The experiment was conducted under a split plot design. As results, an interaction effect was found between the source and the dose of the fertilizer applied on the growth of coriander plant measured at 57, 70 and 90 days after sowing. In a similar way, an interaction effect between the source and fertilization dose on the fresh weight in coriander plants was detected, while only the individual effect of the fertilization source in root length and petiole number was observed. Finally, no effect of either the source or the dose was found on the number of plumules per plant or on the time to harvest. Based on the economic analysis, the highest cost-benefit ratio was achieved with urea and ammonium nitrate in the highest doses, however, given that the organic fertilizer also showed promising results, its inclusion is suggested in order to reduce the negative effect of inorganic fertilizers.