Maestría en Nutrición vegetal

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/31989

Browse

Filters

2021 - 202428

Settings

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Determinación del índice de requerimiento de fertilización de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variedad Extremo a partir del análisis del extracto de savia
    (2024-12) Peñaloza Lozada María Belén; Peña Murillo Robinson Fabricio
    Optimizing fertilization in horticultural crops can increase both yield and product quality while minimizing environmental impact. Traditionally, fertilization plans are based on soil analyses, which, however, do not always accurately reflect the specific nutritional needs of the plant. Sap analysis emerges as an alternative to assess the nutritional status of plants in real time. In the present research, the fertilization requirement index for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety Extremo was determined by analyzing the sap extract. The contents of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were quantified using the ion-selective electrode system, known as the LAQUAtwin meter, whose results were compared with those obtained by conventional tissue analysis methods. A high positive correlation was observed between both methods, with correlation values (r) ranging between 0.851 for phosphorus and 0.991 for nitrogen. Regarding primary nutrients (N, P and K), significant variations were identified depending on the crop development stage, with the highest absorption rates recorded at 30 (vegetative growth) and 60 (reproductive growth) days after transplant (dat). At 120 dat, a decrease in absorption was observed, especially of nitrogen and phosphorus, with this reduction being more pronounced in nitrogen. In contrast, calcium showed an increasing trend depending on the phenological state of the crop. Regarding magnesium, its absorption increased between 30 and 60 dat, then decreased towards the end of the cycle. Regarding micronutrients, an increase in the absorption of iron and manganese was observed between 30 and 60 dat, followed by a decrease until the end of the cycle, being more pronounced for manganese. Copper showed a decrease in absorption to 60 dat, with a subsequent increase towards the end of the cycle, while zinc showed a general tendency to decrease as the crop cycle progressed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Efecto de 3 soluciones nutritivas en el cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculententum Mill.), variedad Miramar injerto en briomino, bajo invernadero
    (2024-11) Riofrío Moreano Víctor Paúl; Marco Oswaldo Pérez Salinas
    The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three fertigation nutrient solutions on the yield of tomato crops (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), var. Miramar graft in briomino, under a greenhouse, in the San Pedro del Quinto sector, Chambo canton, province of Chimborazo. The nutrient solutions were formulated based on a previous soil analysis and a standard solution of H, P, K, Ca, Mg which was increased by 25% and decreased by 25%; in addition to a control to which no fertigation was applied but only foliar fertilization with applications in the same weeks as the rest of the treatments. For the statistical analysis of the variables: plant height, number of fruits per cluster, weight, diameter and color of the fruit and yield, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with three repetitions was used.Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that nutrient solution 2 generated a higher yield of the tomato crop, followed by nutrient solution 3, both located in range A, according to the Tukey test at 5%. In addition, it was determined that both nutrient solution 2 and nutrient solution 3 obtained the best results when evaluating the number of fruits, weight, diameter and color of the fruit. Finally, it was determined that nutrient solution 2 was the treatment that obtained the highest net benefit and the highest marginal return rate (MRR), being the most economical treatment and the highest yield.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Efecto de soluciones nutritivas en sistema semi hidropónico automatizado sobre la respuesta morfológica, fisiológica, rendimiento agrícola y calidad de Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión
    (2024-08) Garcés Yugcha, Edison Israel; Leiva Mora, Michel
    The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of nutrient solutions in an automated semi hydroponic system on the morphological, physiological, agricultural yield, and quality response of Fragaria ananassa Duch. var Albión in Tungurahua province, Tisaleo canton. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of different nutrient solutions was used: standard nutrient solution (T1), 25% reduced standard nutrient solution (T2), 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3), and 25% increased standard nutrient solution (T4). The standard solution was based on the crop's requirements for each phenological stage, with the growth and development stage being the most representative at 29.03 ppm N, 4.23 ppm P, 23.79 ppm K, 14.38 ppm Ca, 4.07 ppm Mg, and 1.96 ppm S; and the fruiting stage at 19.38 ppm N, 3.28 ppm P, 22.57 ppm K, 6.44 ppm Ca, 3.18 ppm Mg, and 1.25 ppm S. Variables such as plant height, stolon number, leaflet number per plant, root length, leaf and root dry mass, fruit weight by category, average yield (g/plant), and soluble solids content were evaluated from transplanting to 176 DAT. The outstanding results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the effect of the different nutrient solutions on root length, fruit weight by category, and soluble solids content. It was concluded that from the growth and development stage, the standard nutrient solution (T1) showed the best results, while for the physiological characteristics, the best results were obtained with the 12.5% increased standard nutrient solution (T3).
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Uso de fertilización foliar con sulfato de zinc en variedades de Solanum tuberosum L. para incrementar el contenido de zinc en sus tubérculos
    (2024-05) Romero Larrea, Carlos Aníbal; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
    In Ecuador, there is a significant deficiency of zinc in the population's diet. One of the strategies to improve the bioavailability of this trace element is the potatoes biofortification. The experimental part of the study was carried out at the Querochaca Campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos canton. The research used a factorial design (A*B*C), made up of 3 factors: (A) Potato varieties (INIAP-Fripapa and Chaucha roja), (B) Number of applications in foliar fertilization (0, 1, 2 and 3) and Form of foliar application (Manual spray pump and motor spray pump), with a total of 16 treatments and three replicates. In the experiment, the plots of each treatment were 21.6 m2 , in which 30 potato seeds were sown. During data processing, the Statgraphics Centurión XVI statistician was used to find the Analysis of Variance and the Mean Comparison Tests, using Tukey (5%). The results of the research determined T16 (Chaucha roja potato - 3 applications of Zinc sulfate - Motor) as the best treatment, obtaining an increase of 19.4 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (112.14%) with regard to the control treatment. On the other hand, the maximum increase achieved in INIAP-Fripapa was in treatment T8 (INIAP-Fripapa- 3 applications of Zinc sulfate- Motor), with an increase of 5.7 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (30%) respecting to the control. To conclude, the fertilizations that were carried out with Zinc Sulfate during the cultivation of the two potato varieties resulted in an increase in zinc in the tubers, without negatively affecting the weight of harvested tubers/plant, or the yield of tubers/ha.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Influencia del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfofisiología de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola
    (2024-02) Mayorga Romero, Santiago Alberto; Munóz Espinosa, Manolo Sebastián
    The study addresses the influence of biocarbon in vitroplants of Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola under greenhouse conditions. In a global context of agricultural challenges, biocarbon is presented as a sustainable strategy to improve productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biocarbon, derived from organic residues such as teak, improves soil fertility, increases moisture retention and increases cation exchange capacity. The study focuses on the Superchola variety, important in the Ecuadorian diet and economy, with the objective of evaluating how vitroplants respond to teak biocarbon substrates. The research was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato. Based on the results obtained, they revealed that the combination of biocarbon and peat affects the morphophysiological response of vitroplants. Mixtures with a lower proportion of biocarbon showed better results, with Tb1-Bc0 (100% blond peat + 0% biocarbon) standing out. In addition, it was observed that high amounts of biocarbon negatively affect plant growth. Nutrient extraction varied according to substrate combinations, being advisable to optimize the choice of mixtures to promote a favorable morphophysiological response. The importance of monitoring biocarbon use is emphasized and further investigation of its interaction with plant morphology and nutrient extraction is suggested. As we have seen, the study offers guidelines to improve the sustainable production of potatoes, a vital species for food and economy in Ecuador, emphasizing the need for a careful and strategic management of biocarbon. Key words: Biochar, Vitroplants, Morphophysiology, Nutrients and Sustainable production.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Efecto del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfo-fisiológica de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. var. Cecilia en invernadero
    (2024-02) Del Castillo Bastidas Danny Fabián; Munóz Espinosa, Manolo Sebastián
    The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different proportions of biocarbon (Tectopore) and peat as a substrate, on the morpho-physiological response of Solanum tuberosum L. Var vitroplants. Cecilia under greenhouse conditions. For the investigation, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used with 10 repetitions per treatment, integrating one vitroplant for each experimental unit. The treatments that were applied were the following: T1 (100% Tectopore), T2 (80% Tectopore + 20% Peat), T3 (50% Tectopore + 50% Peat), T4 (20% Tectopore + 80% Peat) and T5 (100% Peat). The variables that were analyzed were the survival rate of the plants, the number of shoots present, the number and length of the roots, presence, length and thickness of nodes, as well as the distance between nodes, the leaf area of the leaves, plant height, fresh matter, dry matter, number of mini tubers, weight and diameter of these. Finally, an analysis of the macro- and micronutrient content of the plants was carried out. The research findings determined that the incorporation of biocarbon significantly improved the survival percentage of the vitroplants, as well as the morphological response and nutrient content in them. In particular, T5 demonstrated superior results in the variables studied. In addition to this, variations in micro- and macronutrient concentrations highlighted the positive influence of biochar on the nutritional status of plants, where specific treatments reflected a tendency to meet the needs of certain nutrients. Keywords: biochar, explants, Solanum tuberosum, vitroplants
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de bacterias con capacidad fijadora de nitrógeno atmosférico asociadas con la rizosfera de Solanum tuberosum L. Var. Superchola
    (2024-02) Muñoz Muñoz, Kevin Alexis; Leiva Mora, Michel
    The present research was developed with the purpose of isolating, characterizing and identifying in vitro atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum var. Superchola; as well as to determine their effect on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses. Isolates were obtained from four localities in the province of Tungurahua, which were culturally and morphologically characterized. The in vitro atmospheric nitrogen fixation capacity was determined using modified Jensen culture medium, and molecular identification was performed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes. Finally, the effect of the bacterial isolates on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses was determined. The results showed that in the canton of Píllaro there was the highest quantity of CFU. g-1 of soil (9.08 x 109), in the cultural characterization 87% had smooth texture, 42% flat surface, 82% smooth consistency, 42% circular shape, 84% entire margin and 95% showed brightness. In the morphological characterization of the isolates, 84% were Gram (-) bacteria and 95% were bacilli. The bacterial isolate with the highest atmospheric nitrogen-fixing potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN1 and the one with the lowest potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN15. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes identified the strains Pseudomonas sp. (CC-FCAGP-BFN1, CC-FCAGP-BFN16), CC-FCAGP-BFN14) and Paraburkholderia dipogonis (CC-FCAGP-BFN24), which showed a high capacity for atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Likewise, the bacterial strain CC-FCAGP-BFN1 (Pseudomonas sp.) was the only one that increased leaf area, fresh and dry mass and leaf area index of S. tuberosum vitroplants. Based on the above results, four bacterial strains were identified from the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum, one of which was the most promising for favoring vegetative growth due to its high capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación de dos fungicidas para el manejo de oídio (Oidium sp.) en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus)
    (2024-02) Lluglla Manotoa, Doris Elizabeth; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
    The blackberry (Rubus glaucus) is traditionally cultivated by small and medium-sized producers in the Sierra, it contributes in a very important way to the generation of economic resources and improving their quality of life. It has also been affected by the attack of pests and diseases due to edaphoclimatic conditions, the diseases that most attack the blackberry crop are Oidium sp, Anthracnose and Peronospora sparsa. The present investigation was carried out in the Tisaleo canton, Chilco la Esperanza hamlet, Nueva Esperanza neighborhood entitled "Evaluation of two fungicides for the management of Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp.) in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus glaucus)", where the components study were different chemicals; Score with a dose of (0.375; 0.5; 0.625) and Predostar with a dose of (1.125; 1.5; 1.875). The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with two products, three doses and a control (2*3+1). The variables evaluated were: incidence, severity, fruit weight and yield. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for the respective variables. At the conclusion of the analysis of the titration work, it was observed that the best treatment for the management of Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp.) was the PID3 treatment with the Score product with a dose of 0.625 ml/L, in comparison to the other treatments, being the most efficient to reduce the percentage of incidence and severity, where it helped to obtain a heavier fruit, therefore, increasing crop yield. Keywords: Blackberry, Powdery mildew, Sheet music, Predostar, Dose
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación del efecto de fertilización con dos fuentes de calcio en el rendimiento de la papa (Solanum tuberosum)
    (2023-12) Valenzuela Coba, Katherine Gabriela; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide and in Ecuador it is considered one of the main foods for families in the Ecuadorian Sierra area. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with two sources of calcium on the yield of the Super Chola variety potato. In the experiment, two sources of calcium (Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Sulfate) and their effect on plant height, fresh and dry weight of tubers, yield and calcium content in the peel of potato tubers were evaluated. Plant height was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, while the rest of the variables were evaluated at the time of harvest. At 30 and 90 days after, the highest height was reached by potato plants fertilized with calcium nitrate, followed by plants treated with calcium sulfate. Regarding the weight of the tubers, no significant differences were observed due to the effect of the calcium source applied, but the plants treated with calcium nitrate produced tubers with a higher fresh weight (86.7 g), followed by those obtained from plants treated with sulfate. of calcium (77.8 g). Although the yield of the Super Chola variety potato plants was not significantly affected by the calcium source used, both sources caused greater yield when compared to the control treatment plants. The calcium content in the peel of potato tubers varied with the treatment, being higher in tubers obtained from plants treated with calcium nitrate and sulfate, reaching values of 0.201 and 0.197%, respectively. The yield and calcium content were improved by the use of calcium as sources of additional fertilization to NPK-based fertilizers, which is why its inclusion in fertilization programs is recommended.