Carrera de Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MICROENCAPSULACIÓN

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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales microencapsulados de Salvia rosmarinus (romero) y Mentha piperita (menta negra) frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Chérrez Carriel, Allison Anabel; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. As an essential oil, it provides various functions, the most notable being its antifungal activity due to its chemical composition of cineole and borneol. On the other hand, Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is an aromatic plant known for its intense flavor and minty aroma. Its essential oil contains potent antifungal properties, largely attributed to menthol, which can disrupt fungal cell membranes or completely inhibit fungal growth. This study focused on evaluating the antifungal activity of microencapsulated essential oils of rosemary and black peppermint against Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. The oils were encapsulated using the spray-drying microencapsulation method, employing a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating polymers. In vitro tests were conducted with different concentrations of the treatments under study and compared with a control group. Results showed that black peppermint essential oil was the most effective in controlling the phytopathogenic fungus, achieving a 66.8 percent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. These findings suggest that the microencapsulation technique for essential oils holds great potential as a natural fungicide to control the phytopathogen C. fulvum Cooke in crops, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.
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    Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad antioxidante de los componentes bioactivos microencapsulados provenientes del hongo Hericium erinaceus
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Cajiao Valdivieso, Jannis Naomi; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The mushroom Hericium erinaceus is a macromycete renowned for its bioactive properties, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective capacities, positioning it as a promising resource for improving human health. This study evaluated the optimal extraction conditions of its bioactive components and analyzed the antioxidant properties and microencapsulation efficiency of the extracted compounds. Using dried and ground samples of H. erinaceus, four extraction treatments were conducted, with treatment T2 (boiling water for 2 hours at a 1:20 ratio) yielding the best results. Spectrophotometric methods determined the concentrations of polyphenols (7.04 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry basis) and polysaccharides (20.76 milligrams of glucose per gram of dry basis), while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, achieving a 70.77 percent inhibition and an antioxidant capacity of 3.23 micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry basis. Additionally, the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds was validated using FTIR spectroscopy, confirming the interaction between the active compounds and the polymeric matrix. The results demonstrate that H. erinaceus extracts rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides exhibit significant antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as functional foods. This study expands the understanding of the mushroom's bioactive properties, confirming its viability as an alternative to enhance human health in Ecuador, particularly in addressing challenges related to malnutrition and oxidative stress.
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    Eficiencia del almidón de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) como agente encapsulante sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de la doxiciclina
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aponte Urrutia, Kerly Anais; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Doxycycline is an antibiotic of great interest in the health area, since it serves as a treatment for a variety of bacterial infections, but it has a drawback since it tends to degrade very easily at the time of its production, that is why new alternatives have been sought to preserve its bioactive components and protect it from contamination and even increase its bioavailability with the help of microencapsulation which is a technique that uses encapsulating materials such as natural polymers in order to generate greater effectiveness in encapsulation. For this, three suspensions were made with different proportions, using analysis techniques and verification of microencapsulation efficiency which were, performance analysis, statistical analysis, thermograms by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antimicrobial evaluation, which was carried out by means of antibiograms of diffusion disks in Müller Hinton agar, to determine the inhibition of the microencapsulate against the E. coli bacteria. Through the different analyses carried out, it was obtained that the best performance and inhibition halos were given in the proportion 20:80, in addition to this, through the thermograms it was possible to observe the melting peaks where it was also represented that the best curve was that of the proportion 20:80. This is thanks to the fact that with a higher polymeric load, the percentage of microencapsulation efficiency increases. This could also be observed with the help of an-ANOVA analysis, which allowed the most significant performance to be seen through statistical graphs.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales microencapsulados de eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus) y eneldo (Anethum graveolens) frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aldás Castro, Kevin Steve; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The tomato riñon (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a key vegetable in Ecuador, with a production of 55,550 metric tons, with the highlands being the main producing region. However, the excessive use of pesticides has led to resistance in pests and diseases, such as tomato leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), a destructive disease affecting the crop. Essential oils of eucalyptus and dill are used because they contain antimicrobial and antifungal properties, serving as an ecological alternative, though their effectiveness depends on various factors. Additionally, the microencapsulation of oils, using spray-drying techniques with a polymer blend of maltodextrin and gum arabic, helps improve their stability and controlled release. This can be automated in agriculture, reducing environmental contamination and improving the preservation of their bioactive properties. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and dill (Anethum graveolens) oils contain active compounds such as cineole and anethole, known for their potency in controlling pests and diseases, making them a sustainable option for agriculture. The qualitative efficiency of the microencapsulation process was evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, the dilution method in agar and microdilutions confirmed the in vitro effectiveness of the oils at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 percent. The results showed that microencapsulated essential oils of eucalyptus and dill at concentrations of 30 percent or higher provide effective inhibition against the fungus Cladosporium fulvum Cooke.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de carotenoides microencapsulados a partir de los residuos de la naranjilla (Solanum quitoense)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Sailema Criollo, Anthony Erick; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The percentage of food waste has due to the fact that companies do not correctly use the entire product. Consequently, research has been carried out in order to take advantage of these waste, highlighting naranjilla for its high nutritional content, particularly carotenoids, a bioactive compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties capable of preventing various diseases. In the present study, carotenoid extraction was performed out at different plant material/solvent ratios and extraction times. A statistical analysis was then applied to optimize the two factors, obtaining a concentration of 2,287 mg per liter. Next, it was microencapsulated with a polymeric combination of gum arabic and maltodextrin. Subsequently, the microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated qualitatively by FT-IR and quantitatively with 91,74 percent efficiency. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, achieving an inhibition percentage of 63,00 and 49,52 for the extract and the microencapsulate, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated with an inhibition percentage of 56,42 for the extract and 41,42 in the microencapsulated. The results obtained indicate that the higher the concentration of carotenoids in the sample, the better results will be achieved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to take advantage of the residues of naranjilla with a high content of carotenoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in new products of industrial interest.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de los residuos de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Mendoza García, Damaris Katiusca; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Tamarindus indica is a fruit widely used in the production of various commercial products, generating a large amount of agroindustrial waste per year. Tamarind seeds represent a source for obtaining bioactive compounds of interest such as polyphenols. The present study seeks to take advantage of these wastes by determining the optimal conditions for extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenols to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. The influence of extraction time and solvent concentration on obtaining polyphenols was studied. The best extraction conditions were at a solvent concentration of 53 percent for a time of 80 minutes, providing a polyphenol content of 516.521 mg GAE per gram of plant material. Spray-drying microencapsulation using maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent evidenced a percentage efficiency of 87.066 percent. The efficiency of microencapsulation was also evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The DPPH method was applied to establish the antioxidant potential of the extract and microencapsulation, reaching values of 80.085 percent and 48.916 percent, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was determined through the percentage of inhibition of the denaturation of egg albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), obtaining inhibition percentages in each of the concentrations studied. The results obtained in this research show the potential of tamarind residuals with biological activities and their possible application in different industries.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de los polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de la cáscara del taxo (Passiflora tarminiana)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Lema Ochog, Mónica Alexandra; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Taxo peel is a by-product from the drying and peeling activities of the fruit processing industries. These residues, when not properly treated, end up in landfills generating environmental pollution problems that are hazardous to health, completely avoiding their polyphenolic content. Therefore, the extraction of these bioactive compounds is of interest for future applications in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry. For the extraction of polyphenols, two factors were studied, the time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and the concentration of the solvent (EtOH) of 25, 50 and 75 percent, being 66,37 minutes with an amount of solvent at 58,99 percent the optimum conditions to maximize the polyphenolic content, with which, a total of 130,69 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry base was obtained. Subsequently, for the microencapsulation technique by spray drying, an inlet and outlet temperature of 150 and 90 degrees Celsius was used, respectively, with maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent, reflecting an efficiency of 83,50 percent. Finally, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test, with an inhibition percentage of 80,04 for the concentrated extract and 20,10 for the microencapsulated one. It is concluded that the microencapsulation technique keeps the bioactive compounds stable and helps to release them in a controlled manner. The result is useful in the formulation of nutraceutical products important for health and disease prevention.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Bacillus subtilis AC01 microencapsulado frente a Cladosporium fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10 y Botrytis cinerea CC-FCAGP-Bc-MG001 hongos fitopatógenos del tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Caiza Coque, Alex Jhoel; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    Kidney tomato is a vegetable of great nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but its cultivation is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as B. cinerea and C. fulvum, which cause diseases, reducing the production and quality of the product, negatively affecting the economy of farmers. One way of control is the application of synthetic chemicals, raising costs and environmental pollution. For this, the use of biocontrol microorganisms emerges as an ecological and sustainable alternative. In this study, viable cells of B. subtilis AC01 were cultured and microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulating agents, obtaining an efficiency of 82.5 percent and 90.53 percent. The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique confirmed the correct packaging of the cells. Through in vitro tests, a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 10 mg per mL and a Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of 50 mg per mL were determined for the fungus C. fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10. These results show that microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 can significantly reduce the incidence of diseases, offering effective biological control. In conclusion, microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 has great potential as a sustainable alternative for the control of phytopathogens in kidney tomato crops, allowing to reduce the dependence on synthetic chemicals, decreasing production costs and the environmental impact in Ecuador.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un microencapsulado rico en polifenoles del residuo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) frente a Botrytis cinerea
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Abril Díaz, Viviana Gabriela; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Currently, biotechnology is looking for alternatives to replace commercial fungicides in the control of pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, responsible for approximately 10 percent of annual crop losses. Research on the use of plant residues, whose metabolites fulfill this purpose without causing harm to the environment or humans, have emerged as central areas of study. Such is the case of sugarcane bagasse, rich in polyphenols with antifungal activity, being capable of being used in the future within the fields as a pest control agent. To obtain the extract rich in polyphenols, the organic solvent extraction method was used using ethanol at 30, 50 and 70 percent evaluated at 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a 1:20 plant material:solvent ratio. After this, the Folin test was performed to measure the concentration of total polyphenols, the best treatment being 50 percent at 30 minutes for 63 g per GAE. Next, microencapsulation of the concentrate was carried out at a 20:80 ratio using maltodextrin, using the spray drying technique, and its efficiency was evaluated using FTIR. Finally, the in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated at 10, 30 and 50percent microencapsulation as an antibiogram, obtaining a higher percentage of inhibition at 50 percent microencapsulation than the total average of the 8 days of the trial.
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    Análisis de la actividad antioxidante de un microencapsulado de Mangiferina extraída de la cáscara del mango (Mangifera Indica L.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Navarro Otavalo, Juan Eduardo; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Mango peel, a by-product of mango processing, has been identified as a valuable source of polyphenols. As such, research on the extraction of mangiferin-rich phenolic compounds from this waste peel is of great interest. The mangiferin has attracted scientific attention due to its various applications in health, nutrition and cosmetics, especially for its and cosmetics, especially for its antioxidant capacity. The extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out through response surface methodology, using dehydration, crushing, and infusion with a water-ethanol mixture at various concentrations for different time intervals. The determination of the total polyphenol content (TPC) was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, achieving a TPC of 93.5928 mg GAE per gram of dry base, with a concentration of 70 percent ethanol. The identification of mangiferin was carried out with UV-Vis and infrared spectrophotometry. The microencapsulation, using a water-extract-maltodextrin mixture, showed an efficiency of 95,146 with a total solids content of 30 percent. The radical inhibition capacity was evaluated by means of the DPPH method, obtaining promising antioxidant promising percentages of antioxidant capacity: 88.373 per cent for the crude extract and 43.165 per cent for the microencapsulated extract. In summary, this study concludes that the microencapsulation process not only overcomes the limitations associated with polyphenols, but also contributes significantly to the increase of the free radical scavenging capacity, highlighting the potential of mango peel in various industrial applications.