Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la vida útil de un extracto con polifenoles procedentes de la flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) obtenido mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aldás Loma, Emily Vanessa; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe focus on the use of natural products has grown considerably in recent years due to their therapeutic benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Plant extracts represent an important source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which contribute directly to these properties. However, to ensure the efficacy and quality of these extracts, it is essential to determine their shelf life, since factors such as pH, humidity and storage temperature can influence the stability of these compounds. In this study, the Jamaican flower extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and the concentration of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, achieving a higher polyphenol content when using an ethanol concentration of 70 percent and with an extraction temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, reaching a value of 62,667 milligrams of gallic acid per gram of dry weight. Subsequently, its antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the DPPH assay, obtaining 90.886 percent inhibition, and with respect to Trolox equivalents, 221.234 micromoles per gram of dry weight were obtained. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by egg albumin denaturation assay, registering inhibition percentages between 38.642 and 62.585. Finally, the shelf life, stored in amber glass jars under refrigerated conditions, was determined to be about 32 days, fitting a first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.0032 per day.Item Elaboración de gomitas enriquecidas con polifenoles microencapsulados extraídos de Rubus ellipticus Sm.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Pabón Guamán, Alex David; Vargas López, José HomeroThe lack of access to functional foods and the constant consumption of low-nutritious foods have increased the prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), affecting young and middle-aged people. The use of wild species with a high content of active components could mitigate these diseases. Rubus ellipticus Sm. is one of these species with great nutritional potential that is not being exploited. This research aims to evaluate the extract of Rubus ellipticus Sm., its microencapsulation through spray drying and its implementation in gummies. The fruits collected in the province of Imbabura were analyzed to determine their physicochemical properties. Extraction of the active compound was performed with ethanol followed by microencapsulation. The polyphenols present in the sample were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and Infrared Spectroscopy, and the antioxidant capacity was eliminated with the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract was microencapsulated with maltodextrin in a 20:80 ratio, showing an efficiency of 85.76 percent, obtaining 124.754 mg EAG and 372.01 µmol Trolox per 100g, with 64.64 percent inhibition of the DPPH radical. . In the gummies, the antioxidant activity had a minor decline while maintaining the percentage of inhibition of the DPPH radical, and its sensory analysis showed high acceptability despite the detection of changes in the formulation. These results indicate that Rubus ellipticus fruits have great potential as a source of antioxidants, suggesting their implementation as an alternative to enrich products in the food industry.Item Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de los residuos de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Mendoza García, Damaris Katiusca; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoTamarindus indica is a fruit widely used in the production of various commercial products, generating a large amount of agroindustrial waste per year. Tamarind seeds represent a source for obtaining bioactive compounds of interest such as polyphenols. The present study seeks to take advantage of these wastes by determining the optimal conditions for extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenols to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. The influence of extraction time and solvent concentration on obtaining polyphenols was studied. The best extraction conditions were at a solvent concentration of 53 percent for a time of 80 minutes, providing a polyphenol content of 516.521 mg GAE per gram of plant material. Spray-drying microencapsulation using maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent evidenced a percentage efficiency of 87.066 percent. The efficiency of microencapsulation was also evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The DPPH method was applied to establish the antioxidant potential of the extract and microencapsulation, reaching values of 80.085 percent and 48.916 percent, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was determined through the percentage of inhibition of the denaturation of egg albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), obtaining inhibition percentages in each of the concentrations studied. The results obtained in this research show the potential of tamarind residuals with biological activities and their possible application in different industries.Item Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de los polifenoles microencapsulados procedentes de la cáscara del taxo (Passiflora tarminiana)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Lema Ochog, Mónica Alexandra; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoTaxo peel is a by-product from the drying and peeling activities of the fruit processing industries. These residues, when not properly treated, end up in landfills generating environmental pollution problems that are hazardous to health, completely avoiding their polyphenolic content. Therefore, the extraction of these bioactive compounds is of interest for future applications in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry. For the extraction of polyphenols, two factors were studied, the time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and the concentration of the solvent (EtOH) of 25, 50 and 75 percent, being 66,37 minutes with an amount of solvent at 58,99 percent the optimum conditions to maximize the polyphenolic content, with which, a total of 130,69 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry base was obtained. Subsequently, for the microencapsulation technique by spray drying, an inlet and outlet temperature of 150 and 90 degrees Celsius was used, respectively, with maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent, reflecting an efficiency of 83,50 percent. Finally, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test, with an inhibition percentage of 80,04 for the concentrated extract and 20,10 for the microencapsulated one. It is concluded that the microencapsulation technique keeps the bioactive compounds stable and helps to release them in a controlled manner. The result is useful in the formulation of nutraceutical products important for health and disease prevention.Item Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un microencapsulado rico en polifenoles del residuo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) frente a Botrytis cinerea(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Abril Díaz, Viviana Gabriela; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoCurrently, biotechnology is looking for alternatives to replace commercial fungicides in the control of pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, responsible for approximately 10 percent of annual crop losses. Research on the use of plant residues, whose metabolites fulfill this purpose without causing harm to the environment or humans, have emerged as central areas of study. Such is the case of sugarcane bagasse, rich in polyphenols with antifungal activity, being capable of being used in the future within the fields as a pest control agent. To obtain the extract rich in polyphenols, the organic solvent extraction method was used using ethanol at 30, 50 and 70 percent evaluated at 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a 1:20 plant material:solvent ratio. After this, the Folin test was performed to measure the concentration of total polyphenols, the best treatment being 50 percent at 30 minutes for 63 g per GAE. Next, microencapsulation of the concentrate was carried out at a 20:80 ratio using maltodextrin, using the spray drying technique, and its efficiency was evaluated using FTIR. Finally, the in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated at 10, 30 and 50percent microencapsulation as an antibiogram, obtaining a higher percentage of inhibition at 50 percent microencapsulation than the total average of the 8 days of the trial.Item Obtención y microencapsulación de un extracto rico en compuestos fenólicos con capacidad antioxidante de guayusa (Ilex guayusa)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Peñaloza Suárez, Adriana Gabriela; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoPhenolic compounds are bioactive molecules whose properties, such as their antioxidant capacity, have made them substances of great interest in different industries. In recent years, guayusa (Ilex guayusa) has been studied as an important source of these compounds. Therefore, in this study, the best conditions for extraction, microencapsulation, and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from guayusa leaves were determined. A three-square experimental design was applied in which the solvent concentration (ethanol) and the extraction time were evaluated to optimize the obtaining of phenols. The best extraction conditions indicated by the surface analysis were with 42 percent ethanol for a time of 62 minutes. In the microencapsulation process, the following variables were studied: extract concentration and inlet temperature. The optimized microencapsulation conditions obtained were a concentration of 30 percent solids of the extract at an inlet temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Finally, for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, the DPPH method was applied, obtaining as a result a higher percentage of inhibition for the liquid extract than for the microencapsulated one with higher efficiency.Item Evaluación del potencial antioxidante del extracto de Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze microencapsulado mediante secado por aspersión y su uso en la formulación de una bebida instantánea(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Pacheco Narváez, Leslie Johanna; Vargas López, José HomeroFood is less and less varied and depends mostly on industrialized products displacing wild species, which are only consumed locally and compared to widely cultivated species do not record scientific or technological information. Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze (Nigua), a species of the Rosaceae family, has nutritional potential due to its edible fruits, which are not being used and its trade is incipient. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the extract of M. pinnatus microencapsulated by spray drying and its use in the formulation of an instant beverage. The fruits were collected in Quero, Tungurahua, their chemical physical properties were presented, and with 70 percent ethanol, the extraction and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds was carried out after a test with ethanol at different concentrations. Polyphenols were evaluated by Folin-Cioacalteau, and antioxidant activity by in vitro method (DPPH). The extract of M. pinnatus microencapsulated with maltodextrin (20:80), achieved an efficiency of 88.97 percent, obtaining 235.28 mg EAG, and 390.87 micromol Trolox per 100g, this last value corresponds to a 78.11 percent inhibition of the DPPH radical. In the reconstituted powdered instant drink, the IR spectrum shows a characteristic peak of polyphenols. In addition, it meets the physicochemical and microbiological requirements, and its acceptability is 68.33 percent through applied sensory analysis. From this research it is inferred that the fruits of M. pinnatus have potential as an important source of antioxidants, which places it as a new alternative for the food industry.Item Extracción y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios (polifenoles y flavonoides) obtenidos a partir de Pujín (Hesperomeles ferruginea) planta nativa del cerro Teligote(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-08) Rodríguez Barriga, Karina Alexandra; Morales Acosta, Dayana CristinaIn the Pelileo canton belonging to the province of Tungurahua is the Teligote hill, whose biodiversity has been preserved for decades by the Salasaca culture. One of the representative species is the Pujín (Hesperomeles ferriginea), native plant of the hill and base of the study. In the present, the extraction process of secondary metabolites (polyphenols and total flavonoids) was optimized, evaluating factors such as the type of solvent, temperature, time and number of successive extractions. For the quantification of polyphenols, the Folin-Ciocalteu method and calibration curve with gallic acid were applied, the conditions established for the extraction were methanol at 50 percent, 50 degrees centigrade for 5 min with 4 extractions, obtaining as a result 79.541mg EAG about g of more. While for the quantification of flavonoids, the aluminum chloride method and catechin calibration curve were applied, resulting in the optimal conditions for the extraction, 25 percent methanol at 50 degrees centigrade, 5 min with 3 extractions, obtaining 49.751 mg ECQ on g of more., in both cases reaching a yield greater than 95 percent; It was found that the plant matrix has a high number of polyphenols and flavonoids in relation to other matrices. Complementary to this, the characterization of secondary metabolites was carried out using chromatographic methods (HPLC and TLC), obtaining chromatograms that allowed verifying the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids, in addition to observing that the plant matrix contains a wide spectrum of compounds of interest at different wavelengths.Item Caracterización de extractos obtenidos a partir de Tarqui Myrsine andina (Mez) Pipoly, planta nativa del cerro Teligote(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-01) Castillo Villamarín, Jeniffer Gabriela; Morales Acosta, Dayana CristinaThe objective of this research work was to characterize the extracts obtained from TARQUI Myrsine andina (Mez) Pipoly, a native plant of Cerro Teligote, for the optimization of the extraction process, three factors were considered: solvent (ethanol, methanol, at a concentration of: 25, 50 and 75 percent and pure) and water; temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees centigrade) and time (5.10 and 20 min), the extraction method was standardized for polyphenons, 50 percent ethanol, 50 degrees centigrade and 5 min, while for flavonoids it was 75 percent ethanol, 50 degrees centigrade and 20min. When comparing the different solvents for the extraction of polyphenols, the highest percentage of plant wear was obtained which was 98.91 percent for flavonoids and 97.74 percent for polyphenols and thus obtain the most concentrated extract with the minimum degradation of its compounds during the production process. The concentration of polyphenols in the tarqui extracts was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method, and the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method was used for the concentration of total flavonoids. The separation and identification of the polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with two standards was used.Item Caracterización y estudio de actividades biológicas de los extractos obtenidos a partir del sambuel (Hedyosmum luteynii Todzia)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2019-10) Mendoza Murillo, Ximena Sabina; Morales Acosta, Dayana CristinaHedyosmum luteynii (sambuel) is a plant from the Teligote hill,which is a native forest of great importance for the Salasaca culture of the Pelileo canton, due to the medicinal properties of the plants that grow there. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction process of antioxidants (polyphenols and flavonoids) from sambuel leaves, characterization (using TLC and HPLC) and also the study of the biological activities (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) of optimized extracts. In addition, the content of ten minerals (Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn) in the leaves was determined. The optimization was carried out by modifying 3 factors (solvent, temperature and time) and showed that the best condition for the extraction of polyphenols was: 50 percent ethanol, 50 Celsius degrees and 10 min, while for flavonoids the best condition was 50 percent methanol, 60 Celsius degrees and 10 min. In both cases, it was determined that 3 extractions were needed to obtain a yield greater than 90 percent (37,328 mg AG per gram for polyphenols and 30,321 mg CQ per gram for flavonoids). The optimized extracts showed both anti-inflammatory [98.13 percent and 97.89 percent at 500 micrograms per ml by the HRBC stabilization method for the ethanolic and methanolic extracts respectively; and, 80.82 percent (ethanolic extract) and 48.63 percent (methanolic extract) using the protein denaturation method] and antioxidant activities[61.72 percent (ethanolic extract) and 47.32 percetn (methanolic extract) using the TBARS method], comparable with the standars used. Whereas, magnesium (558.4 mg per 100g of dry base), calcium (111.1 mg per 100g of dry base) and manganese (43.1 mg per 100g of dry base) were the minerals with the highest concentration in the sambuel leaves.