Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

Examinar

Resultados de la búsqueda

Mostrando 1 - 10 de 21

Obtención de extractos a partir de harina de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) mediante propano-butano subcrítico y soxhlet. Articulado al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante la resolución N° UTA-CONIN-2025-0146-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Mena Guzmán, Francisco Javier
;
Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) is a fruit of great nutritional importance due to its content of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, which are associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, there is growing interest in the search for natural sources of functional compounds and in the development of sustainable extraction technologies that enable the utilization of plant resources with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to obtain extracts derived from peach palm flour using Soxhlet and subcritical propane–butane extraction methods, compare their chemical profiles, and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Extraction yield was determined gravimetrically, the extracts were characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through the inhibition of albumin denaturation. The results showed that the Soxhlet method achieved a higher extraction yield than the subcritical propane–butane method, as well as differences in the chemical profiles of the extracts obtained. On the other hand, subcritical propane–butane extraction exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, reaching DPPH radical inhibition values of up to 77.20%, whereas extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity, with protein denaturation inhibition values of up to 96.00%. It was concluded that peach palm flour represents a promising source of bioactive compounds and that both extraction methods constitute viable alternatives for obtaining value-added functional ingredients.
Evaluación de la producción de luteína en el cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris bajo condiciones de laboratorio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Lascano Chango, Darwin Alexander
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, interest in microalgae has increased due to their potential as a source of bioactive compounds that can be applied in functional foods and nutraceutical supplements. Research on pigments produced by these microorganisms is highly relevant. For example, lutein has antioxidant properties that are beneficial for eye health, and its importance in biotechnology has generated interest in its production under controlled conditions. In the present study, experimental cultures of Chlorella vulgaris grew in standard BBM medium and in medium with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations reduced by fifty percent, under low and high light intensities: two thousand six hundred thirty-eight lux and five thousand two hundred sixteen lux, respectively. Cell density was monitored for twenty-two days to determine the best treatment, with the aim of adding two promoters under that condition for lutein production: sodium acetate and acetic acid. This carotenoid was quantified using spectrophotometric methods with ninety-six-well microplates. The results showed that cultures grown in standard medium under high light intensity reached the highest cell densities and showed a prolonged exponential phase. Lutein production was higher in treatments with an organic carbon source, although cultures without promoters also presented detectable amounts of lutein. The combination of a balanced medium and controlled light conditions proved to be efficient for maximizing biomass and the content of bioactive pigments.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos de Yuwi (Gurania lobata) microencapsulados mediante secado por aspersión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Peñafiel Castillo, Darwin Joel
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The evaluation of bioactive compounds in underutilized species such as Gurania lobata (Yuwi) is essential to address critical problems such as non-communicable diseases, given its similarity to other cucurbits rich in carotenoids and fatty acids. This study focused on the evaluation of antioxidant capacity in extracts and microencapsulated samples with the purpose of improving the stability of bioactive compounds. Two factorial designs were used to evaluate extraction parameters, considering the material-to-solvent volume ratio and extraction time as independent factors. The optimal conditions for carotenoid extraction were the ratio of 1 gram per 15 microliters of ethanol for 90 minutes, while for fatty acids the optimal conditions were 1 gram per 20 microliters for 60 minutes. The carotenoid content was 18.01 mg per liter, while the total solids for fatty acids corresponded to 2.63 percent. Microencapsulation was carried out using maltodextrin and gum arabic in a proportion of 35 percent each, which showed a microencapsulation efficiency of 93.02 percent for carotenoids, confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the microencapsulated carotenoids and fatty acids, evaluated by the DPPH method, presented inhibition values of 89 more less 0.003 percent and 77 more less 0.09 percent, respectively. The results obtained from the Yuwi (Gurania spinulosa) extracts demonstrate the potential of this plant due to its biological activities and its possible application in different industries.
Determinación de las condiciones óptimas de cultivo de Haematococcus pluvialis para la producción de biomasa y astaxantina
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Esquivel Galvez, Kevin Wladimir
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
This study evaluated the optimization of culture conditions for Haematococcus pluvialis to maximize biomass and astaxanthin production, a pigment of high biotechnological value. The main objective was to determine the optimal cultivation conditions by comparing three media (BBM, Fuerza Verde, and Bonanza) under two aeration rates (250 and 1000 mL per min). The methodology included a factorial design, monitoring of growth kinetics through cell counting, biomass quantification by dry weight, induction of carotenogenesis using light and salt stress, and pigment extraction assisted by ultrasound. The results showed that Bonanza achieved the highest cell densities and productivities, confirming its non-limiting nutrient profile. Fuerza Verde exhibited intermediate values, while BBM displayed moderate growth with a final decline associated with nutrient limitation. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of the culture medium and the medium per aeration interaction on cell density. Regarding astaxanthin, only BBM showed the characteristic absorption peak at 482 nm and measurable pigment concentrations, whereas Fuerza Verde and Bonanza maintained chlorophyll-dominated profiles linked to their higher NPK availability. Overall, enriched media favored biomass accumulation, whereas nutrient-limited conditions, such as those in BBM, promoted carotenoid induction. This work provides comparative evidence on the combined influence of nutrients and aeration on the physiology of Haematococcus pluvialis, contributing to the development of more efficient cultivation strategies for biotechnological applications.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante, carotenoides totales, rendimiento global y perfil de extractos obtenidos a partir de cáscaras de camarón mediante propano subcrítico y Soxhlet
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Naranjo Carrillo Victor Mateo
;
Cadena Carrera Santiago Esmiro
Ecuador is one of the world's leading producers of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), generating approximately 1.2 million tons annually, of which around 40 percent corresponds to by-products such as shells and heads. This study aimed to valorize these residues through the extraction of bioactive compounds, particularly astaxanthin, using two methods: Soxhlet extraction, considered a standard procedure for bioactive compound extraction, and subcritical propane extraction, an environmentally friendly alternative. Global yields were determined, antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, total carotenoids were estimated by spectrophotometry, and qualitative composition was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that Soxhlet extraction yielded 2,55 percent, significantly higher than the 0,15 percent obtained with subcritical propane. Regarding total carotenoid concentration, Soxhlet produced 8,55 micrograms per milliliter, compared to 3,80 micrograms per milliliter for subcritical propane. However, the extracts obtained with subcritical propane exhibited greater antioxidant capacity, reaching 68,48 percent, compared to 51,85 percent for Soxhlet. Additionally, better migration patterns were observed in TLC for the subcritical propane extracts, suggesting higher purity, likely due to the solvent’s selectivity.
Obtención de astaxantina a partir de exoesqueletos de cangrejo rojo (Ucides occidentalis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02)
Chiliquinga Angulo, Joel Alexander
;
Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with outstanding biological activity, and its antioxidant capacity surpasses those of other carotenoids. Since the use of synthetic astaxanthin is restricted, there has been growing interest in obtaining this compound from natural sources. Astaxanthin is responsible for the characteristic reddish hue of the red crab (Ucides occidentalis). In Ecuador, approximately 40 million red crabs are caught annually for consumption, which generates a sanitation problem due to the large amounts of resulting by-products, as 70 to 80 percent corresponds to the inedible fraction of crustaceans. Considering this, the present study evaluated the overall extraction yield and the amount of astaxanthin present in each extract using extraction techniques such as Soxhlet and maceration, considering the extraction time. The overall extraction yield and astaxanthin content were evaluated by gravimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. The highest overall yield was obtained using the Soxhlet technique at 210 min (0.120 percent), and the highest astaxanthin content was obtained using the Soxhlet technique at 180 min (332.132 microgram per gram). The antioxidant capacity of the extract with the highest astaxanthin content was evaluated by the DPPH method, where 48.779 percent inhibition equivalent to 250.620 micromoles of Trolox per liter was obtained. Therefore, the present investigation demonstrated the production of astaxanthin, evaluating its yield as a function of the extraction time with ethanol and its antioxidant capacity.
Optimización del proceso de extracción de compuestos bioactivos mediante superficie de respuesta a partir de residuos de camarón
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08)
Villafuerte Herrera, Ronaldo Julián
;
Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with significant biological activity, even greater antioxidant activity than other carotenoids. Synthetic astaxanthin has usage restrictions, which has led to interest in obtaining it from natural sources. Astaxanthin is responsible for the pinkish color of shrimp, and the cultivation of shrimp has increased globally, along with its negative effects, primarily the generation of waste that constitutes approximately 25 to 60 percent by weight. Considering this, the present study evaluated the extraction of astaxanthin using Soxhlet and modeled the extraction kinetics from shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei). The raw material was characterized by proximal analysis, particle size, and shape. The overall extraction yield and astaxanthin content were evaluated by gravimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. The highest overall yield was obtained with the ethanol plus water solvent (3.75 percent), and the highest astaxanthin concentration was for the ethanol and methanol solvents (292.2 and 296.0 micrograms per gram, respectively). The model that best fit to describe the extraction kinetics was the Peleg model, with a determination coefficient between 0.93 and 0.98. This research demonstrates the potential recovery of astaxanthin from shrimp waste using ethanol.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de carotenoides microencapsulados a partir de los residuos de la naranjilla (Solanum quitoense)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Sailema Criollo, Anthony Erick
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The percentage of food waste has due to the fact that companies do not correctly use the entire product. Consequently, research has been carried out in order to take advantage of these waste, highlighting naranjilla for its high nutritional content, particularly carotenoids, a bioactive compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties capable of preventing various diseases. In the present study, carotenoid extraction was performed out at different plant material/solvent ratios and extraction times. A statistical analysis was then applied to optimize the two factors, obtaining a concentration of 2,287 mg per liter. Next, it was microencapsulated with a polymeric combination of gum arabic and maltodextrin. Subsequently, the microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated qualitatively by FT-IR and quantitatively with 91,74 percent efficiency. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method, achieving an inhibition percentage of 63,00 and 49,52 for the extract and the microencapsulate, respectively. Finally, the anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated with an inhibition percentage of 56,42 for the extract and 41,42 in the microencapsulated. The results obtained indicate that the higher the concentration of carotenoids in the sample, the better results will be achieved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to take advantage of the residues of naranjilla with a high content of carotenoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in new products of industrial interest.
Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos primarios y secundarios por Scenedesmus sp. nativa del Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Paredes Paredes, Jennifer Katheryn
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
Currently, global problems have arisen, such as the limited availability of food and population growth, causing the depletion of natural resources, emissions of greenhouse gases and nitrous oxide from fertilizers and pesticides, methane production by ruminants, and deforestation. At the same time, the need to feed the growing population has driven the development of techniques to obtain microalgae supplements, since they produce active compounds and metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, vitamins and amino acids. For this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the production of primary and secondary metabolites by the microalga Scenedesmus sp. native to Ecuador, quantifying its capacity to produce proteins, carbohydrates and pigments under different culture conditions. Supplements to the BBM medium with different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 grams per liter) and carbon sources (carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol, sodium acetate) were used. These conditions were combined to obtain 12 treatments. The culture scenario was 21 degrees Celsius, a light-dark cycle of 16 and 8 hours, and constant aeration of 200 milliliters per minute with 0.04 percent volume-volume carbon dioxide. The results showed that the best treatment was the mixotrophic culture with ethylene glycol and high concentration of sodium nitrate, producing the highest amount of proteins, carbohydrates and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). It was also determined that the growth kinetics of Scenedesmus sp. varies according to the concentration of sodium nitrate in the medium.
Evaluación de la estabilidad de las cápsulas de gelatina formuladas a partir de microencapsulados de carotenoides extraídos de la cáscara de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Bautista Gavilanes, Shirley Nicole
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, the increase in food waste has reached alarming figures, amounting to 3.4 billion tons, due to the growth of the world population. Faced with this global challenge, new alternatives have been explored, among which the reuse of tomato tree peels stands out for its significant content of carotenoids, compounds known for their ability to prevent different diseases. In this study, carotenoids were extracted by the solvent method, mainly using 96 percent ethanol, due to its superior yields, while in the quantification of carotenoids were 0.40 to 0.50 mg/L. Subsequently, the concentrated extract was microencapsulated with maltodextrin and gum arabic, highly soluble and biocompatible polymers, achieving efficiencies above 90 percent. Carr's index of 20 percent and Hausner's index of 1.25 indicate uniformity and firmness in the capsule formulation. The evaluation of antioxidant activity showed percentages of 88.29 for the extract, 28.54 in the microencapsulates and 32.98 for the initial formulation, gradually decreasing with time. Finally, physical parameters were evaluated, including visual inspection that confirmed the external stability of the capsules. Over time, a gradual increase in weight was noted, while the disintegration time exhibited a decreasing trend, attributable to environmental factors such as humidity and agglomeration. Likewise, the shelf life of the hard gelatin capsules was determined, with a value of 5 months and 43 days.

Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

Examinar

Filtros

Ajustes

Ordenar por

resultados por página

Resultados de la búsqueda