Ciencias de la Salud

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.OBESIDAD

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    OBESIDAD Y ALIMENTACIÓN EMOCIONAL: UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
    (2025-06-18) Zamora Zamora, Glenda Elizabeth; Robayo Zurita, Verónica Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of people and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This multifactorial phenomenon is influenced by several factors, with dietary patterns being a key component in its development. Among these patterns is emotional eating, which refers to the consumption of food in response to emotions, rather than the physiological need for food. This behavior is manifested when people use food as a coping mechanism to deal with negative emotions such as social pressure, stress, anxiety, sadness or loneliness. The literature review developed examines the available evidence on obesity and emotional eating in the general population. Through a comprehensive search of scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google Scholar between 2020 and 2024 on obesity derived from emotional eating. The findings indicate that emotional eating is associated with excessive food consumption and the adoption of unhealthy habits, such as fast food consumption.
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    POLIFENOLES Y ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS, PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA DIETA Y LOS SUPLEMENTOS
    (2025-06-18) Vivar Altamirano, Fabián Alexander; Tayupanda Cuvi, Noemí Judith; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases that are characterized by cognitive impairment, the most relevant being Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The main factors that affect the development of these diseases are obesity, oxidative stress and inflammation, The objective of the research was to identify the antioxidant effect of polyphenols and supplements in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. For this, a bibliographic review of the last 5 years was developed in scientific databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scholar and Scielo. The languages used were Spanish and English, as a result it was found that nutritional factors, such as obesity and chronic inflammation, contribute significantly to neurodegeneration. Polyphenols, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects. Although polyphenolic supplements offer greater bioavailability than those obtained through diet, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
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    LA FIBRA COMO AGENTE DE SACIEDAD PARA COMBATIR LA OBESIDAD EN NIÑOS
    (2025-06-18) Espinoza Supe, Christian Javier; Katherin Yaritza Girón Saltos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Fiber is a very important nutrient since numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated, including increased satiety and weight reduction. In modern society there are more than 390 million overweight children, the aforementioned pathology occurs when consuming an amount of energy that exceeds the daily requirement. The objective of this article was to compile the studies that encompass the relationship between fiber intake and increased satiety, as well as to describe the metabolic processes that are generated in the body. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out through Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases that include articles from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained show that an intake rich in fiber produces metabolic effects during the phases of digestion, which results in an increase in satiety and therefore a reduction in body weight. Finally, the limitation of achieving the level of satiety in people was emphasized since satiety is influenced by various particular factors.
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    FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA
    (2025-06-17) Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Obesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.
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    EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO
    (2025-06-16) Bonilla Zamora, Karina Marisol; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Introduction: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a growing public health problem both globally and nationally, characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of these disorders has increased by 28% between 2016 and 2023. In Ecuador, 25.2% of adolescents are overweight or obese, with higher rates observed in urban areas and among the female population. This phenomenon is linked to high levels of physical inactivity (65.1%) and the adoption of inadequate eating habits. Objective: To determine the anthropometric evaluation, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out on 87 adolescents aged 13-14 years from the Santa Lucía community. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO criteria, dietary habits by means of a validated self-completed questionnaire, and physical activity by means of the PAQ-A questionnaire. Results: 97.7% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. 93.1% showed inadequate dietary habits and 100% inadequate levels of physical activity. The PAQ-A questionnaire revealed that 82.8% had very low levels of physical activity and 17.2% had low levels. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess associated with inadequate dietary habits and insufficient levels of physical activity was evident in the study population, suggesting the urgent need for specific interventions that address both nutritional aspects and the promotion of physical activity in this population.
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    EFECTO DEL EJERCICIO AEROBICO COMBINADO CON FUERZA EN PACIENTES POST BARIATRICOS
    (2025-02-27) Pintado Zúñiga, Christian Sebastián; Cantuña, Vallejo Paul Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia
    Bariatric surgery is an intervention with the purpose of reducing stomach capacity and limiting food intake in obese people with (BMI ≥ 40 or BMI ≥ 35); taking into account that obesity has become one of the most relevant diseases in the world, which is why obesity is known as the pandemic of the 21st century. This research project was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the effect of exercise aerobic combined with strength in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The methodology of the study was a nonexperimental, cross-sectional and correlational design with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Two evaluations were used, the Cooper test to evaluate aerobic capacity, and the muscle strength test using the lower limb bench press. These evaluations were applied to 31 patient patients who have undergone surgery for a Gastric Sleeve or Gastric Bypass at Obesity Hospital in the city of Píllaro. Among the results obtained, it was observed that the results of the aerobic exercise program combined with strength exercises obtained positive benefits in the treated patients, thus achieving an improvement in aerobic capacity, an increase in muscle strength and a decrease in the index of body mass (BMI). It is concluded that this research project obtained positive results for people after bariatric surgery.
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    AVANCES EN GENÓMICA NUTRICIONAL Y SU USO EN LA NUTRICIÓN PERSONALIZADA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-10-28) Salinas Morales, Milena Stephania; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Arteaga
    Introduction: This literature review explores advances in nutritional genomics and its application in personalized nutrition to address obesity. Considering the complexity of the human genome and genetic susceptibilities to diseases like obesity, personalized nutrition emerges as a promising solution for this multifactorial disease that impacts global public health. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the most effective nutraceuticals in personalized nutrition to mitigate or treat obesity through specific dietary adjustments based on individual genetics. Methodology: A non-systematic review of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023 was conducted, selecting studies based on criteria of relevance, accessibility, and timeliness. Of the 82 articles evaluated, 40 met the inclusion criteria. Results: The selected studies highlight the importance of compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins in modulating the genetic and metabolic response to obesity. These nutraceuticals have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing adiposity and related inflammation. Discussion: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are essential for personalizing nutrition, as individual genetic variability significantly affects the response to different diets and treatments, justifying a personalized approach that considers the specific genotype of the individual. Conclusion: Integrating nutraceuticals into the diet based on the genetic profile may be key to the effective management and treatment of obesity. Research points towards a shift to personalized nutrition, emphasizing the need for more studies and their implementation in clinical and dietary practices.
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    INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Yagchirema Yancha, Katherine Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin Fernanda
    Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: To know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: A systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English. , such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: Nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity.
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    IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA NUTRICIONAL "MUÉVETE" EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DEL PERSONAL DE LA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS BIOALIMENTAR - TUNGURAHUA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-26) Orbea Cadena, Paula Victoria; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia
    In the workplace, the health and well-being of personnel is fundamental to a company's performance and productivity. The implementation of nutritional programs represents a proactive strategy that seeks to improve the health status of employees and reduce absenteeism caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases derived from overweight and obesity. The objective of the research was to study the impact of the nutritional program "Muévete" on the nutritional status of the personnel of the food company Bioalimentar in order to analyze the role of nutritional programs in companies. The research is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 71 workers. To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity, specific data such as weight and height were taken to determine body mass index, on the other hand, to analyze the percentage of fat mass the four main folds were used (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraileac) and cardiovascular risk with the measurement of waist circumference, as for the measurement of the impact of the program a comparative analysis was made between the data pre application of the program and post application of the same. As a result, 47.9% were overweight and obesity grade I, corresponding to 25.4% in the male gender. As for the percentage of fat mass, 53.5% of the male gender had an average level of fat and 39.4% had an increased level of cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit not only Bioalimentar, but also other companies and the community in general, promoting a culture of wellness and integral health and directly influencing the formulation of policies and strategies at the corporate and governmental level, thus increasing the sustainability of the companies.
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    EFECTO DE LOS PROBIÓTICOS EN EL PACIENTE OBESO. UN ESTUDIO DE REVISIÓN
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Montachana Crespata, Milena Alexandra; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia
    Introduction: The gut microbiota is a potential determining factor in the development of obesity, resulting in dysbiosis, which is related to a lower number of members of the Bacteroidetes division and an increase in Firmicutes leading to a decrease in energy expenditure, it is also associated with the inflammatory process, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out a literature review related to the effects of probiotics on the improvement of the intestinal microbiota in an obese patient and its associated disorders. Methods: A search of articles in PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier from the last five years was carried out using the terms "obesity and probiotics", "effect of probiotics", "gut microbiota and probiotics". A total of 23 articles were included in the selection criteria. Results: Supplementation with probiotics specifically certain strains such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium could lead to significant weight reductions, in combination with energy restriction and physical activity. However, it is important to develop clinical trials that are properly designed, including all aspects of lifestyle, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genetic background. Conclusions: Despite the beneficial effects, they are not yet considered an alternative strategy in the treatment of obesity due to the lack of research in this field, since the currently available data come from studies carried out in animals that may not present potential in humans. It is important to conduct more large-scale longitudinal studies with longer follow-up.