Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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RELACIÓN DEL FACTOR DE CRECIMIENTO SIMILAR A LA INSULINA TIPO 1 CON EL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO Y DISLIPIDEMIA EN ADOLESCENTES
(2026-07-01)
Plaza Guevara, Adara Madai
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Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between IGF-1 and insulin concentrations and variations in the lipid profile and the presence of insulin resistance, using quantitative analysis via spectrophotometry, CLIA, and ELISA to provide local scientific evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obesity among adolescents of African descent, which will serve as a basis for future preventive health programs. A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 adolescents who underwent biochemical testing, which was correlated with anthropometric data. The data were analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and association statistical tests according to the distribution of the variables. The results revealed a significant prevalence of overweight and metabolic-hormonal variations indicating early cardiometabolic risk. Although some relationships did not reach statistical significance, clinically relevant trends were identified between nutritional status, triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and IGF-1. This provides local evidence regarding adolescents of African descent, a population underrepresented in research in the country, and highlights the importance of timely screening and preventive strategies aimed at reducing the risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance from early stages.
Comparativa entre la manga gástrica y el bypass gástrico como tratamiento para la obesidad: Revisión de la literatura
(2025-10-16)
Toapanta Montesdeoca Carol Solange
;
Loaiza Merino Iván Patricio, Dr. Esp
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that is associated with a significant increase in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, underscoring the need for effective treatments. The objective of this research is to compare the effectiveness, safety and long-term results of these procedures through a review of the scientific literature. An electronic search was carried out for scientific articles published from January 2019 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. Scientific evidence suggests that the two procedures have different benefits; the choice of each of these has to focus on the criteria given by scientific associations and societies duly recognized worldwide. In conclusion, both gastric sleeve and gastric bypass are effective interventions to treat morbid obesity, with clear benefits in weight loss and improvement of comorbidities. Gastric bypass stands out for offering a faster and more sustained weight reduction, particularly in cases of extreme obesity or severe comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, although it implies a greater risk of long-term nutritional deficiencies due to its malabsorption component. In contrast, the gastric sleeve, less invasive and with fewer postoperative complications, minimizes the impact on nutrient absorption, although it can exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux. The choice of procedure depends on the specific clinical needs of the patient.
Los agonistas del receptor glp-1 como tratamiento en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II y obesidad
(2025-10-15)
Quinga Amán Mishelle Alexandra
;
Jurado Melo Verónica Cristina, Dra. Esp
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The present study aims to collect information on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in controlling glucose, reducing weight and improving cardiovascular health, making them a key option in the treatment of these conditions. A comprehensive review of studies was conducted between 2019 and 2024, selecting 20relevant articles after analysing 4450 results in medical databases using inclusion and exclusion criteria that allowed GLP-1 receptor agonists to be approached as a treatment in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, reduce glucagon release and delay gastric emptying, and are used in patients with Type 2 diabetes, especially those with obesity, as they promote weight loss. Drugs such as liraglutide and semaglutide have shown efficacy in glycaemic control, and adequate body weight management in patients with obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists are essential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, improving glycaemic control, promoting weight lossand providing additional benefits, being useful in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies
RELACIÓN ENTRE INDICADORE S ANTROPOMÉTRICOS DE OBESIDAD Y FRECUENCIA DE CONSUMO DE SNACKS, BEBIDAS AZUCARADAS Y ALCOHÓLICAS EN ESTUDIANTE S UNIVERSITARIOS
(2025-10-06)
Toapanta Viracocha, Katy Estefania
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Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Objective: To determine the relationship between anthropometric indicators of obesity, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHR), and frequency of consumption of snacks, sugary drinks, and alcoholic beverages in university students. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 646 students aged 18 to 20 years from the Technical University of Ambato. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured. A survey was also conducted to provide sociodemographic information and frequency of consumption of snacks, sugary drinks, and alcoholic beverages. Sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric indicators of obesity were correlated with consumption of snacks, sugary drinks, and alcohol. Results: According to BMI, 5.7% of university students were obese (4.8% grade I, 0.3% grade II, and 0.6% grade III). 9.1% of university students showed cardiometabolic risk with WC, 12.5% with WHR, and 24.3% with WHR. All of these indicators were much more pronounced in women than in men. Inadequate consumption of sugary drinks and alcohol was associated with male gender (p=0.000). Alcohol consumption was found to be higher in the Faculty of Administrative Sciences (p=0.000), urban areas (p=0.002) , and those with a lower-middle socioeconomic status (p=0.029). Additionally, inadequate alcohol consumption was associated with an increased WHR (p=0.042). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that alcohol consumption contributes to obesity because it promotes the accumulation of abdominal fat (WHR), which leads to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
MALNUTRICIÓN EN NIÑOS Y ALIMENTACIÓN SALUDABLE EN PADRES DE FAMILIA DE UN CASERÍO RURAL ECUATORIANO
(2025-10-02)
Tubón Malusin, Brigithe Joana
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Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Malnutri ti on can be defined as a nutri tional defi cie ncy or imbalance due to poor or exce ssive nutriti on, or due to organic p ro blem s. Malnutriti on is one of the leading cau se s of m orbidity wo rld wide, both in chil dren and adults. Me thod: A quantitati ve , descri pti ve , cross- sectional, and co rrel ational study was co nducted in chil dre n aged 1 to 9 yea rs and their parents or gua rdia ns li vin g in the rural hamlet of Am babaquí in the Ecu adoria n highlands. Anthropom etri c mea sureme nts and nutri tional asse ssme nt by BMI we re performed (bo ys), and the "Healthy Ea ting Kn owledge Test" questionnaire was administered (p are nts). Results: 27.2% of weight vari ability can be e xpl ained by BMI, while only 1% by height. Child re n aged 1 to 9 ye ars have a BMI distrib ution that rem ains relatively constant a cross ages; the m edian weight is sligh tl y higher than that of girl s. No rmal nutriti onal status pre dominates in all age g ro ups and in both se xe s. Nutri tional extremes appear in older chil dre n, with obesi ty in 8 - and 9-ye ar-olds and overweight in 7-yea r-olds. At the other extrem e, the ri sk of malnutri tion is highest in 5 - and 6 -year-olds, and undernutri tion in the 5, 6, and 9-ye ar-old groups. Furthe rmo re , the re is a negative co rrel ation, with a slig ht tendency to indicate that the higher the level of pa re ntal kn owledge, the mo re fa vo ra ble the BMI asse ssmen t m ay be in chil dre n (clo se r to norm al). Con clu sio ns: Norm al nutriti onal status p re dominates a cross the different age groups and both sexes, although ca se s of malnutri tion we re identified in younger children, and overweight and obesity in older children.
OBESIDAD Y ALIMENTACIÓN EMOCIONAL: UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
(2025-06-18)
Zamora Zamora, Glenda Elizabeth
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Robayo Zurita, Verónica Alexandra
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of people and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This multifactorial phenomenon is influenced by several factors, with dietary patterns being a key component in its development. Among these patterns is emotional eating, which refers to the consumption of food in response to emotions, rather than the physiological need for food. This behavior is manifested when people use food as a coping mechanism to deal with negative emotions such as social pressure, stress, anxiety, sadness or loneliness. The literature review developed examines the available evidence on obesity and emotional eating in the general population. Through a comprehensive search of scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google Scholar between 2020 and 2024 on obesity derived from emotional eating. The findings indicate that emotional eating is associated with excessive food consumption and the adoption of unhealthy habits, such as fast food consumption.
POLIFENOLES Y ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS, PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA DIETA Y LOS SUPLEMENTOS
(2025-06-18)
Vivar Altamirano, Fabián Alexander
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Tayupanda Cuvi, Noemí Judith
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases that are characterized by cognitive impairment, the most relevant being Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The main factors that affect the development of these diseases are obesity, oxidative stress and inflammation, The objective of the research was to identify the antioxidant effect of polyphenols and supplements in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. For this, a bibliographic review of the last 5 years was developed in scientific databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scholar and Scielo. The languages used were Spanish and English, as a result it was found that nutritional factors, such as obesity and chronic inflammation, contribute significantly to neurodegeneration. Polyphenols, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects. Although polyphenolic supplements offer greater bioavailability than those obtained through diet, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
LA FIBRA COMO AGENTE DE SACIEDAD PARA COMBATIR LA OBESIDAD EN NIÑOS
(2025-06-18)
Espinoza Supe, Christian Javier
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Katherin Yaritza Girón Saltos
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Fiber is a very important nutrient since numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated, including increased satiety and weight reduction. In modern society there are more than 390 million overweight children, the aforementioned pathology occurs when consuming an amount of energy that exceeds the daily requirement. The objective of this article was to compile the studies that encompass the relationship between fiber intake and increased satiety, as well as to describe the metabolic processes that are generated in the body. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out through Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases that include articles from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained show that an intake rich in fiber produces metabolic effects during the phases of digestion, which results in an increase in satiety and therefore a reduction in body weight. Finally, the limitation of achieving the level of satiety in people was emphasized since satiety is influenced by various particular factors.
FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA
(2025-06-17)
Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela
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Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Obesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.
EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO
(2025-06-16)
Bonilla Zamora, Karina Marisol
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Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a growing public health problem both globally and nationally, characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of these disorders has increased by 28% between 2016 and 2023. In Ecuador, 25.2% of adolescents are overweight or obese, with higher rates observed in urban areas and among the female population. This phenomenon is linked to high levels of physical inactivity (65.1%) and the adoption of inadequate eating habits. Objective: To determine the anthropometric evaluation, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out on 87 adolescents aged 13-14 years from the Santa Lucía community. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO criteria, dietary habits by means of a validated self-completed questionnaire, and physical activity by means of the PAQ-A questionnaire. Results: 97.7% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. 93.1% showed inadequate dietary habits and 100% inadequate levels of physical activity. The PAQ-A questionnaire revealed that 82.8% had very low levels of physical activity and 17.2% had low levels. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess associated with inadequate dietary habits and insufficient levels of physical activity was evident in the study population, suggesting the urgent need for specific interventions that address both nutritional aspects and the promotion of physical activity in this population.

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