Maestría en Fisioterapia y Rehabilitación Mención Cardiorrespiratoria

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/34169

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Start date: 2022

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    Plan de entrenamiento de fuerza de los músculos masticatorios en la disfagia sarcopénica en los adultos mayores
    (2025-03-27) Escobar López, Jessica del Roció; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Introduction: The present research study addressed sarcopenic dysphagia, a pathology that affects the musculature, strength and function of the masticatory muscles in older adults, causing malnutrition, dehydration, poor functional independence, due to lack of nutritional nutrients. A masticatory muscle training plan was proposed as a prevention and treatment strategy, facilitating the elderly and caregiver, by executing the exercise plan, an optimal swallowing in feeding was obtained, improving the quality of life, nutritional status and greater independence in activities of daily living. Objective: To know the effects of a masticatory muscle strength training plan in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia. Methods: The study was carried out in two gerontological centers in the city of Puyo, after applying the inclusion criteria, 40 older adults were selected, who were initially evaluated with the following instruments: thigh diameter, manual pressure strength - dynamometer, Barthel Index, Volume-Viscosity Clinical Exploration Method (MECV-V), Mini Nutritional Assessment Test (MNA), Based on the results obtained, the strength training plan was executed, applying physiotherapy sessions, in a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, a second evaluation was performed using the same instruments with the objective of analyzing the effects of the training and comparing the pre and post intervention results. Results: showed that the intervention with chewing exercises was effective; participants evidenced a significant change (p < 0.05) in the alterations or signs of safety and efficacy, improving sarcopenic dysphagia, chewing, swallowing, nutrition and quality of life of older adults. Conclusion the masticatory exercises applied in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia improved the quality of food intake and, consequently, the quality of life of the older adults.
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    Programa de entrenamiento HIT Funcional para aumentar el VO2 máximo en deportistas amateur de básquet
    (2025-03-20) Indira Gabriela Araujo Muñoz; Israel Mauricio Zurita Altamirano.; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Basketball, as one of the most popular sports in the world, requires the development of specific skills of the athlete in order to cover the physical, technical and tactile demands that this sport requires. Workouts that work in coordination between anaerobic systems and aerobic systems, such as functional HIIT, are effective for intermittent sports such as basketball. In this way, in the present investigation it has been proposed to determine the effects on VO2 max. of amateur basketball athletes from the Napo Sports Federation after the application of a functional HIIT training program; through a descriptive longitudinal cohort study, under a quantitative approach. Where the 8-week program was structured, which was reviewed and validated by the tutor, to be applied to 30 participants, selected under eligibility criteria. Two measurements of the tolerable aerobic exercise intensity (VO2 max) were carried out in the athletes using the Course Navette test, both before and after the application of the program. The results revealed a significant increase in VO2 max (p=0.000) after applying the program with an increase of 4.598 l/min. Concluding that high-intensity interval exercises are effective in improving the aerobic capacity of amateur basketball players, reflected by a better VO2 max.
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    “Programa de entrenamiento funcional de los músculos inspiratorios con dispositivos IMT en futbolistas profesionales para mejorar la capacidad pulmonar
    (2025-03-20) Robalino Sánchez, Darwin Raúl; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    The present study proposes a functional training program oriented to physical work applied to the inspiratory muscle group using Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) devices like a parallel method to the physical-technical training of the discipline. Respiratory capacity is a fundamental mechanism in physical activity performance, exactly in high demanding sports such as football, taking into account that optimal oxygenation and efficient ventilation are as determining factors to sustain the intensity and volume levels of exercise during the match cycles to help recovery between long efforts. The proposed program contains specific functional training sessions, which athletes will use IMT devices to work in a focused way on the strength and endurance capacities of the inspiratory muscles. The intervention will be carried out during a certain period, which pre- and post-intervention evaluations will be applied, measuring specific parameters such as lung capacity (forced respiratory volume, vital capacity) and respiratory strength. In addition, data will be collected on performance on the field and the intrinsic perception of each effort, that will allow physiological improvements to be correlated with sports performance. The expected results will show that the incorporation of functional training with IMT devices will lead to a significant increase in lung capacity and inspiratory muscle strength, generating greater respiratory efficiency during physical activity. These benefits are expected to have a positive impact on endurance, speed of recovery and ultimately the overall performance of footballers. The central hypothesis waits improving respiratory function, optimal levels of performance can be achieved that make a difference in professional sports levels. In conclusion, this research aims to provide scientific evidence supporting the integration of IMT devices into the training programs of professional soccer players. The findings are expected to not only advance physiological indicators, but also drive the development of comprehensive training strategies, providing the adoption of innovative methods in the field of sport to maximize performance and prolong the professional career of athletes.
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    Programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria de adultos con sobrepeso
    (2025-03-18) Osorio Logroño, Valeria Alexandra; Cantuña Vallejo, Paúl Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Introduction: Adults who have long work days and little physical activity are more likely to be overweight and, in general, have poor cardiorespiratory fitness (low VO2Max levels). The presence of these factors has been shown to make people more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. This is why high-intensity interval training has been shown to improve VO2Máx values. Objectives: The main objective of the research was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training program on cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as to evaluate the body mass index, pre and post-intervention aerobic capacity of overweight adults in the Latacunga Fire Department during the period from February to July 2024. Materials and Methods: It is an observational analytical study, with a prospective longitudinal design, in two parts, first a bibliographic search was carried out in order to develop a high-intensity interval training program with a duration of 15 weeks, then the participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated using the Queen’s College Step Test, then the previously developed training program was applied and the participants were re-evaluated after its application with the aforementioned test in order to evaluate aerobic capacity. The sample consisted of 30 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Tstudent test and Pearson correlation were performed with the SPSS-26 program. Results: Once the training program was applied to the training program was applied to the overweight adults who participated in the study and the evaluations were carried out, the VO2Max values were compared before and after training, where the p value (0.000) is less than alpha (0.05). Therefore, the results of the t-test suggest that there is a significant difference in the VO2Max pre and post training. On the other hand, the results of the Pearson correlation (0.970) reinforce the effectiveness of the training program, showing that the means are closely related and the apparent linear correlation indicates that the training had a positive effect on the measurement of cardiorespiratory capacity. Conclusion: The high intensity interval training program improves the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight adults since the differences were statistically significant.
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    Guía uso de equipo presión positiva en la espiración (PEP), para eliminación de secreciones en pacientes hospitalizados con patologías respiratorias
    (2025-03-18) Ortiz Guillén, Yady Cristina; Moscoso Cordova, Grace Veronica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Introduction: It has been demonstrated that positive pressure devices help eliminate secretions in patients with respiratory pathologies when there is an increase in mucus production, which can lead to complications in the airways. Inadequate management of secretions can result in obstructive atelectasis and lung injury. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of applying the guidelines for the use of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices for the removal of secretions in hospitalized patients with respiratory pathologies, as well as to evaluate pulmonary volumes through pre-test and post-test spirometry. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical, observational longitudinal study with a qualitative and quantitative approach, conducted at the Municipal Hospital of Women and Children in Cuenca, from October 2023 to February 2024, adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, during which the efficacy of the PEP device in the elimination of secretions was assessed. Results: PEP reduces dyspnea, facilitates the clearing of pulmonary secretions, and improves pulmonary ventilation. This, in turn, reduces hospitalization times and enhances the pulmonary capacity of individuals with respiratory pathologies, allowing for an improved quality of life. In the analysis of the pre-test and post-test of FEF2575 using the Student’s t-test, there was an observed increase in FEF2575 values in the post-test compared to the pre-test, indicating that the intervention had a significant, positive impact on pulmonary function in the treated patients. Conclusions: The results showed a significant reduction in the average amount of secretions, decreasing from 16.32 ml to 7.63 ml after the intervention, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment for the removal of secretions.
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    Programa de entrenamiento respiratorio para mejorar la capacidad pulmonar en estudiantes que se especializan en instrumentos de viento
    (2025-03-18) Mullo Ramírez, Mirian Fabiola; Zurita Altamirano, Israel Mauricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Wind instrument players need effective lung function, and adequate expiratory muscle strength to generate sound, otherwise it can contribute to problems with sound quality, projection, articulation, intonation, and resistance. The objective of the research was to determine the increase in lung capacity through the application of a respiratory training program. The observational analytical study, with a prospective longitudinal design. A respiratory training program was developed, lasting 12 weeks. Subsequently, a pre- and post-intervention spirometric evolution was performed. The sample was 30 musicians. The Student's T test was performed in the SPSS-26 program to determine a correlation between the respiratory training program and lung capacity. Once the pre- and post-training evaluation was carried out, the before and after results of lung capacity were compared where the results of p value (0.000) is greater than alpha (0.05) so the results of the t test suggest that there is a significant difference in lung capacity before and after training. The respiratory training program significantly improved lung capacity.
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    Programa de entrenamiento físico de la musculatura inspiratoria y su efecto en la resistencia física en ciclistas amateurs
    (2025-03-18) Heredia Tibanlombo, Evelyn Lissette; Zurita Altamiran, Israel Mauricio o; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    The performance of athletes can be affected by respiratory limitations. Studies show that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could enhance respiratory function and improve exercise performance, impacting energy metabolism. Cyclists, during their activity, may experience fatigue, leading to a sympathetic vasoconstrictor response in the peripheral locomotor muscles, increasing the sensation of dyspnea and the perception of effort, which can result in lower performance. Objective: To determine the effects of an inspiratory muscle training program on physical endurance in amateur cyclists, as well as to evaluate the strength of the inspiratory muscles to develop and apply this program. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical, observational, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the Fipsicocenter Biomedical Center in Ambato. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, IMT was applied using a Powerbreathe device, with an initial load of 50%. The maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) was assessed at the beginning and end of the training to determine the strength of the inspiratory muscles and any changes after the program. To assess physical endurance, an Astrand protocol was used to evaluate oxygen consumption (VO2max). Results: An inspiratory muscle training program offers significant advantages in endurance and performance in cyclists. By enhancing inspiratory capacity, Pimax and VO2max increase, which in turn reduces respiratory muscle fatigue and improves ventilatory efficiency and recovery. Additionally, notable improvements were observed with the use of inspiratory muscle training devices such as Powerbreathe. Conclusions: Inspiratory muscle training has a positive effect on inspiratory muscle strength, increasing Pimax, which leads to improved physical performance and endurance in cyclists. However, there is still a lack of knowledge and application of this type of training in athletes from various disciplines.
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    Programa de entrenamiento respiratorio mediante Threshold IMT en adultos mayores con EPOC
    (2025-03-17) Guzmán López, Ángela del Rocío; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
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    Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca Domiciliaria para mejorar la funcionalidad en adultos mayores con hipertensión
    (2025-03-17) Guanoluisa Chávez, Cynthia Patricia; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Home-based cardiac rehabilitation has become a fundamental strategy to improve the health and functionality of older adults, especially those with high blood pressure. The main objective of the research was to determine the effects of a homebased cardiac rehabilitation program on the functionality of hypertensive older adults. To do so, a quasi-experimental study was carried out in which the Senior Fitness Test was applied to evaluate the functional physical condition of the participants before and after the intervention. The program consisted of an aerobic exercise regimen (continuous and interval sprint) that consisted of stretching, joint mobility and breathing exercises, carried out for 14 weeks, with supervised sessions three times a week. The most significant results showed a notable improvement in the functional capacity of older adults, evidenced by the increase in the Senior Fitness Test scores. In addition, a decrease in blood pressure levels was observed, indicating that the program not only improved physical functionality but also contributed to the control of hypertension. These findings highlight the importance of regular physical activity in the cardiovascular health of older adults. In conclusion, the home-based cardiac rehabilitation program proved to be effective in improving functionality and reducing hypertension in older adults. The continuation of this type of program and the training of health professionals for its implementation in other communities is recommended. The proposal includes the development of similar initiatives that promote physical activity and healthy habits in the older adult population.
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    Programa de fortalecimiento muscular con carga para mejorar la función cardiovascular en adultos mayores institucionalizados
    (2025-03-17) Delgado Valencia, Lénin Abraham; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
    Introduction: Aging and sedentary lifestyle cause deterioration in muscular and cardiovascular function, however, properly prescribed physical activity decreases these negative effects on health, playing an important role as a preventive strategy in chronic pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases and reduction of mortality achieving optimization of functional capacity in aging. Objective: To determine the influence of a muscle strengthening program with load on the improvement of cardiovascular function in institutionalized older adults. Materials and Methods: Analytical, observational, longitudinal design study. First, a literature review was carried out to develop a 16-week muscle strengthening program with load; participants were evaluated with the 1RM indirect test to dose the load to be used, in addition to blood pressure, Sit to stand test, recovery heart rate and orthostatic response to evaluate cardiovascular function before and after the intervention. The population consisted of 25 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Wilcoxon test was performed with SPSS - 26 to compare the initial and final state. Results: A muscle strengthening program with load provokes benefits in cardiovascular function, evidenced changes in blood pressure (orthostatic pressure), recovery heart rate, muscle strength and better performance in activities of daily living. Conclusions: The results showed improvements in cardiovascular function. Orthostatic hypotension: systolic blood pressure was reduced from 52% to 28%. Diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 44% to 32%. FCR: 84% presented a risk of mortality in the FCR at 10 seconds and in the post-test it decreased to 16%. As for the recovery of the heart rate at one minute, 96% presented a risk of mortality and in the post-test this figure decreased to 0%.