Maestría en Laboratorio Clínico

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Caracterización de los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-06-01) Moreno Avilés, Mónica Susana; Monge Moreno Dra. Mgs, . Adriana Monserrath
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 declared antimicrobial resistance a public health problem and announced a global strategy against antimicrobial resistance. Objective To characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles in the Riobamba General Hospital in 2020. Methodology The present project used a quantitative, retrospective study of analysis of information from the Vitek equipment database of bacterial cultures and susceptibility tests of the year 2020, it is quasi-experimental and of intervention since the WHONET software was used for the elaboration of the antimicrobial susceptibility primer. Results The microorganisms frequently isolated in 2020 were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus and epidermidis. Urine and stool samples were the most prevalent, in addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were evidenced in pharyngeal secretion samples. The presence of carbapenem resistance was revealed in K. pneumoniae; and the prevalence of BLEE in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. Conclusions: By characterizing the antimicrobial resistance profiles at the Riobamba General Hospital, the Institution's annual antimicrobial susceptibility primer was designed.
Intervención comunitaria en parasitosis intestinal en niños de 5 a 9 años de edad de la Parroquia Totoras del Cantón Ambato
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-06-01) De la Torre Fiallos, Ana Verónica; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaBqf. Mg.
Intestinal parasites continue to be a serious public health problem, especially for children. The objective of the present study was to develop a community intervention in intestinal parasitosis in children between 5 and 9 years of age from the Totoras Parish of the Canton Ambato. It is an analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study; where 153 children were randomly selected and a stool sample was requested, which underwent a direct stool examination and a Willis technique, dewormers were given to children with intestinal parasites. In addition, a questionnaire was designed to identify the conditioning factors for the presence of intestinal parasites, evaluating before and after the intervention. 77.1% of parasites were obtained, prevailing polyparasitism (77%) over monoparasitism (23%) and chromists / protozoa over helminths (91.7% / 8.3%). The main species found were: Blastocystis sp. (31%), Entamoeba coli (21%) and Endolimax nana (18%). After the intervention, 71.1% of high knowledge about parasitosis was found. It is concluded that the children of the Totoras parish have a high frequency of intestinal parasites.
Identificación de enfermedades micóticas superficiales y estrategia de prevención en pacientes geriátricos.
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-06-01) Moya Espín, Santiago Gustavo; Urbina Salazar BqF. Ph.D, Anabell del Rocío
PROPUESTA PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE MICROBIOLOGÍA EN EL LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DEL CENTRO CLÍNICO QUIRÚRGICO AMBULATORIO HOSPITAL DEL DÍA EL TENA, IESS
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-07-01) Lcda. Muñoz Guerrero, Fernanda Estefanía; BqF. Urbina Salazar Ph. D, Anabell Del Rocío
The present investigation was developed with the main objective of proposing the implementation of the microbiology service in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital del Día el Tena Ambulatory Surgical Center. For this purpose, a descriptive and transactional quantitative study was proposed, applying 35 medical professionals from the hospital corresponding to 100%, a questionnaire was prepared that was previously validated by four experts where the needs were identified, collecting the opinion of the doctors regarding to the need to include the microbiology service. In the results it was possible to clearly notice that the doctors express the need to include the microbiology service, as a fundamental part of their work. Specifically, 100% of the sample indicates the need to include the service, being opportune to speed up the diagnostic process, select an adequate treatment, and through this they consider that a significant percentage of patients would benefit from the service. Additionally, 91.4% of the sample reports that they have had difficulties in carrying out their functions associated with the absence of the microbiology service, 97.1% report having had to request external microbiological studies, and 80% consider that the inclusion of this service will allow medical care to be more efficient, relevant and reliable. In this way, it is concluded, together with the theoretical review, that the inclusion of the microbiology service within the clinical laboratory of the El Tena day hospital is necessary. Based on this background, the proposal for a microbiology service adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all the corresponding regulations and requirements, was developed through this research, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the relevant authorities and considered include this service among those offered by this institution.
Propuesta para la implementación del área de microbiología en el laboratorio clínico del Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Ambulatorio Hospital del día El Tena, IESS
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-07-01) Muñoz Guerrero, Fernanda Estefanía Lcda.; Urbina Salazar Ph. BqF., Anabell Del Rocío
The present investigation was developed with the main objective of proposing the implementation of the microbiology service in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital del Día el Tena Ambulatory Surgical Center. For this purpose, a descriptive and transactional quantitative study was proposed, applying 35 medical professionals from the hospital corresponding to 100%, a questionnaire was prepared that was previously validated by four experts where the needs were identified, collecting the opinion of the doctors regarding to the need to include the microbiology service. In the results it was possible to clearly notice that the doctors express the need to include the microbiology service, as a fundamental part of their work. Specifically, 100% of the sample indicates the need to include the service, being opportune to speed up the diagnostic process, select an adequate treatment, and through this they consider that a significant percentage of patients would benefit from the service. Additionally, 91.4% of the sample reports that they have had difficulties in carrying out their functions associated with the absence of the microbiology service, 97.1% report having had to request external microbiological studies, and 80% consider that the inclusion of this service will allow medical care to be more efficient, relevant and reliable. In this way, it is concluded, together with the theoretical review, that the inclusion of the microbiology service within the clinical laboratory of the El Tena day hospital is necessary. Based on this background, the proposal for a microbiology service adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all the corresponding regulations and requirements, was developed through this research, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the relevant authorities and considered include this service among those offered by this institution
Proyecto de intervención al uso de antibióticos en pacientes adultos del servicio de hospitalización del Hospital Básico el Puyo.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Défaz Miranda, Silvana Marisol, Lcda.; Inca Torres, Alberto Renato, BqF. PhD
The inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, the poor control of nosocomial infections increases the development of resistance mechanisms, reducing therapeutic possibilities and increasing hospital stay. Infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment, triggering the appearance of outbreaks at the hospital level. Due to this, in the present study it was proposed to rationalize the adequate use of antibiotics in the Puyo Basic Hospital in adult patients. This was done using a scientific methodology with a quantitative and quasi- experimental approach, through which the database was reviewed in the SPSS program and the entire population of hospitalized patients aged between 20 and 40 years was studied in a period of January until June 2021. It was obtained that Staphylococcus presents resistance against the antibiotic oxacillin with 76.2%. 100% of Gram-negative microorganisms are resistant to ampicillin, 88.8% are resistant to ampicillin sulbactam, 77.8% are resistant to cephalothin and 61.1% are resistant to sulfatrimetropim. Escherichia coli 27.7% are ESBL-producing bacteria. Finally, the factors that predispose to the inappropriate use of antibiotics were evaluated, it was proposed to adopt timely corrective measures, especially in those antibiotics that exceed 30% in relation to resistance.
Caracterización de la resistencia a Linezolid y Vancomicina mediada por plásmidos en Enterococcus faecalis y Enterococcus faecium
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-09-01) Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine Bq. Cl.; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo PhD.
Enterococcus sp. is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with immunosuppression, causing diseases such as endocarditis, urinary tract infections or surgical wounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized vancomycin-resistant E. faecium as High priority (Priority 2). Vancomycin resistance is associated with the acquisition of genes such as vanA, vanB and vanC. Therefore, the therapeutic option is linezolid, however Enterococcus resistant to linezolid due to the acquisition of genes such as optrA, cfr and poxtA has already been reported. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe resistance to linezolid and vancomycin due to the acquisition of plasmids in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated at INSPI-Quito, during 2017-2020. Methodology: The population of E. faecium and E. faecalis resistant to vancomycin and linezolid was analyzed in order to characterize the strains phenotypically and genotypically; in addition, correlate epidemiological data, georeference and create dendrograms. Results: 203 isolates were analyzed, mostly identified in the provinces of the Sierra part of Ecuador; 134 E. faecium resistant to vancomycin were identified, due to the presence of the vanA gene (44%) and the vanB gene (22%); 41 strains resistant to lineozlid are described, mostly E. faecalis, due to the presence of the optrA gene (88%); cfr and poxtA genes are not identified. Conclusions: Resistance to vancomycin is described in E. faecium and a high percentage of resistance to linezolid in E. faecalis, mostly due to the presence of plasmid genes, in addition, E. faecalis produces lower levels of antibiotic resistance than E. faecium.
Implementación y evaluación del manual de bioseguridad en el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital General Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Soria Londo, Juan Pablo Lcdo.; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia BQF. MG.
This research addresses the implementation and evaluation of the biosafety manual in the microbiology laboratory of the General Hospital of Ambato, because the institution did not have a manual establishing biosafety standards for the protection of laboratory personnel. In compliance with the main objective of implementing and evaluating the manual, a survey was conducted on the general concepts of biosafety standards, which allowed focusing on the relevant topics for the elaboration of the document. The results were evaluated by training 34 health professionals. Finally, a comparison of results was made, from the data obtained it was found that 46% had an average knowledge of biosafety standards which made the spread of pathogens in the environment of the microbiology area vulnerable, after the implementation there was a significant impact reaching 85% of the knowledge in the application of biosafety procedures, which was evidenced during the Covid 19 pandemic. According to the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the application of biosafety policies in the laboratory allows guaranteeing the protection of human health and the risks associated with the environment.
Resistencia bacteriana de Escherichia coli uropatogénica en pacientes ambulatorios
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Pazmiño Velastegui, Vladimir Medardo, Lcdo.; Paredes Páliz, Karina Inés, Lcda. PH.D.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is undoubtedly one of the greatest current public health problems since these compounds constitute one of the main tools to control and treat bacterial infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. Objective: To determine the bacterial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in outpatients attending the Microbiology laboratory of Hospital Básico Baeza in the period January-December 2020. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli were described, without using value judgments and in pursuit of high levels of objectivity and retrospective, because we studied at a given time different age groups, female and male outpatients, during the period January-December 2020. Results: We analyzed 169 positive urine culture results from outpatients of both sexes, of different ages with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were: Escherichia coli (80.1 %) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (3.8 %) and Proteus mirabilis (3.3 %). As for the antimicrobial resistance profiles expressed as percentage of resistance for E. coli were: (70.8 %) ampicillin, (53.7) nalidixic acid and (48.8%) amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, (44.0%) trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and (34.3%) ciprofloxacin. 12.4% of Escherichia coli were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to nitrofurantoin (92.1%), ampicillin-sulbactam (90.4%) and fosfomycin (87.1%). Conclusions: The recommended treatment for first- line empirical treatment is nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin and second-line cephalexin and cefuroxime for uncomplicated urinary tract infection. With this information, it is proposed to make a Clinical Guide for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in the study locality.
Implementación del uso de Placas RODAC para el diagnóstico de micosis superficiales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-09-01) López Estrella, María Teresa; Tinajero Vásconez, María Fernanda MsC.
In pathologies such as superficial mycosis, it is necessary to identify the pathogen, which conventionally present as scaly lesions on the skin, a scalpel scraping is performed to observe viable fungal elements. The use of RODAC plates, a solid medium with a convex surface, with a pressure level on the lesion to be investigated, gives us the possibility of adhering a large number of microorganisms with greater repeatability and recovery, avoiding contamination when taking samples. Objective To implement the use of RODAC Plates for the diagnosis of fungi cause dermatomycosis. Methodology The present study is of a quasi-experimental type of intervention since it will analyze the taking of samples, the direct examination with KOH for the initial observation and the evaluation of development of fungi on RODAC plates. Results Of the total of 89 people analyzed, the presence of Trichophyton spp. which represents 73% while 9% corresponds to Epidermophyton spp. 18% corresponds to the absence of fungal growth, the samples were taken from the skin. The prevalence obtained is 82% with a 95% CI between 55.1 – 74.9%. In the study, the results in the fresh examination obtained 78.7% of positive cases and 21.3% represents negative samples. In the RODAC plate, development was shown in the culture medium with 80.9%, while 19.1% did not show development in the medium. Regarding sex, the majority of the participants were men represented with 62.9%, only 37.1% is assigned to women. Conclusions When implementing the use of RODAC Plates for the identification of fungi that produce dermatomycosis, infections that observe the epidermis and skin annexes, where the main characteristic skin is the affection of the keratinized superficial layers of the population that attends the center of Type C health in the city of Latacunga, it was possible to establish a procedure for taking samples directly from the lesion, obtaining fungal cultures for later identification.
Implementación de un sistema de control de calidad microbiológica del agua de consumo humano
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Urrutia Sánchez, Lizbeth Carolina; Ortiz Jiménez, José Marcelo Bqf. Mg.
The importance of quality in water resources for human supply makes it necessary to review systems for surveillance and control of water quality from the catchment sources and their associated problems to distribution to the consumer. Objective: a microbiological quality control system for water for human consumption was implemented in the Canton Cevallos. Methodology the type of research is quasi- experimental because it tries to investigate if there is a relationship between the variables, in this case the relationship between the quality of water for human consumption and the implementation of a quality control system was investigated. Results From a total of 30 samples collected at the catchment, distribution and consumption sites for the microbiological analysis of the study, it was determined that there is no microbiological contamination by total coliforms by the membrane filtration method Standard methods - 9222 D, unlike the results of the 3M Petrifilm method that did have a minimum growth of 1 to 2 CFU in a 6.7% of the total samples. Conclusions: A better option for microbiological analysis of the vital liquid that supplies the population of Canton Cevallos was proposed, being the Standard methods - 9222 D method with the membrane filtration technique, in which it gave us satisfactory results, since the other method used and with the one that currently has in the Laboratory the Petrifilm plate method does not indicate favorable results, presenting a level of minimum significance, being an alternative method it has a superior performance only when the level of samples is low in this study it shows us a low reliability of the results, which has led to the implementation of a better microbiological quality control system for the water consumed by the population of Canton Cevallos.
Relación entre los hábitos de higiene y la parasitosis intestinal en los niños y niñas del hogar Santa Marianita de la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-09-01) Guananga Lescano, Karla Estefanía Lcda.; Urbina Salazar, Anabell Del Rocío BqF. Ph.D
The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between hygiene habits and intestinal parasitosis in the group of boys and girls from Hogar Santa Marianita. It has a quantitative approach, an explanatory scope, and a pre-experimental design. The sample was made up of 44 people, 32 children and 12 adult women who work in the institution. The evaluation instrument (questionnaire) was self-made, previously validated by experts for its application, where data on hygiene habits maintained by the children in the home were collected. To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, a coproparasitic was performed. In the results obtained, shortcomings were evidenced in the adequate fulfillment of hygiene habits in children 59,4% and employees 58,3% do not wash their hands before eating, the same occurs in hand washing after going to the bathroom, 60,3 % children and adults in 55,5% do not do it, in terms of consuming drinking water 34% of children refuse to do so, adults 43% do not do it either, 50% of the sample affirms to wash food properly and in relation to cleanliness correct of the areas 58.3% only times. It was obtained that, if there is a relationship between the hygiene habits evaluated and intestinal parasitosis, for which an intervention workshop was designed and applied, in order to strengthen hygiene habits and thus prevent the development of intestinal parasitosis. After the workshop, a significant improvement was observed in compliance with the hygiene habits worked on. Likewise, the participants were given the corresponding medication for the identified parasites. After the workshop, a significant improvement was observed in compliance with the hygiene habits worked on, as well as the absence of parasites in the subsequent evaluation. It is concluded that training is an important strategy to promote the development of hygiene habits and thus prevent intestinal parasitosis.
Identificación de agentes patógenos causantes de infecciones en vías urinarias en mujeres embarazadas con patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Espinoza Vargas, Yadira Lizbeth; Paredes Páliz, Karina Inés, Lcda. PhD.
Urinary tract infection is usually caused by bacteria that can damage the urethra and bladder, or spread to the ureters and kidneys. The anatomical and functional changes that occur during pregnancy increase the predisposition to urinary tract infections. Bacteria, due to their tremendous capacity to adapt, can develop mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics that were initially vulnerable, this can cause an increase in complications in pregnancy that significantly affects the mother and the fetus. The present research work with the theme "Identification of pathogenic agents that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women with antimicrobial resistance patterns"; whose main objective is to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in urine cultures of pregnant women who attend the clinical laboratory of the Sangolquí Basic Hospital, during the period October 2020 to February 2021. It is a retrospective quasi-experimental study of 60 pregnant women with positive urine cultures, where the causative agent was identified as Escherichia coli bacteria (72%) followed by 11 Staphylococcus auerus (8%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (5%). Regarding the antimicrobial resistance profiles expressed in percentage of resistance for E.coli, they were Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Ampicillin/Sulbactan present 100% resistance; together with Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis represented by 50%. Regarding the sensitivity profiles of E. coli, it is Cefazolin (89.7%), Nitrofurantoin (67.5%), Cephalexin (63.2%) and finally Fosfomycin (42.1%), with antimicrobial sensitivity belonging to the group of Enterobacteriaceae. Among the Grand positives, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated, where Penicillin, Oxacillin and Erythromycin represent 100% antimicrobial resistance. The recommended treatment for first-line empirical treatment is Cefazolin, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalexin and Cefuroxime as second-line applied to pregnant women. With this information, it is proposed to make a microbiological chart for the treatment of urinary tract infection in the study area. The results support the importance of local monitoring of the microorganisms involved in urinary tract infections, being essential for the success of the treatment to select properly antibiotic therapy according to antimicrobial sensitivity profiles, which can vary regionally, even between different hospital services, allowing to guide actions in health and epidemiological surveillance.
Diseño de un programa para el control de infecciones bacterianas en hogares de acogida.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-09-01) López Acuña, Mario Daniel Lic.; Ortiz Jiménez, José Marcelo Mgs.
Older adults are a vulnerable population group that due to their physiological and bodily alterations typical of aging, the long periods of hospitalization to which they are subjected, the use of inadequate antibiotic treatments and the existing comorbidities, make them predisposed to suffer infectious diseases that lead to severe clinical pictures, sepsis and in many cases death (Esme et al., 2019). Therein lies the importance of knowing how infectious diseases affect this population group, and the risk of contagion that residents of foster homes possess. Objective To design a program for the control of bacterial infections in elderly residents of foster homes Methodology. The type of study was descriptive, cross-sectional with a mixed approach, the risk of infection of the subjects under study was determined, the microbiological analysis of urine, stool and sputum samples of the elderly was performed by urine culture, stool culture and sputum culture, to determine whether they presented bacterial development; In addition, the antibiogram test was performed to check if the isolated microorganisms presented resistance phenotypes. A survey was made to the personnel working in this institution to be aware of their knowledge about the care of the residents, and a program was developed for the control of bacterial infections in the Instituto Estupiñán foster home. Results. Of the 45 urines analyzed, 66.7% (30) showed no bacterial growth and 33.3% (15) showed bacterial growth. Among the group of microorganisms that grew, 15.5% were Escherichia coli, 4.4% Citrobacter freundii, 2.2% Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2.2% Edwarsiella tarda. Among the group of Escherichia coli isolated, 9.0% presented the BLEE (extended spectrum beta-lactamase) resistance phenotype. The study of the 45 sputum samples established that 49.0% showed no bacterial growth, 28.9% developed normal flora, 8.9% showed coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 4.4% Escherichia coli, 2.2% Citrobacter freundii, 2.2% Klebsiella oxytoca and 4.4% Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE (extended spectrum beta-lactamases). The 45 stool samples studied showed the development of normal intestinal flora. Based on the "Scale for measuring the risk of infection associated with adult care", 48.9% of the elderly in this study were at medium risk of suffering a bacterial disease, 35.6% at high risk and 15.6% at low risk. Conclusions. The xiv microbiological study of urine, sputum and stool samples of the residents of the Instituto Estupiñán foster home by means of culture and antibiogram, proved the presence of bacteria causing infections; and antibiotic resistance phenotypes. It was evidenced that, due to intrinsic factors, these individuals have a medium risk level of acquiring a bacterial infection. On the other hand, the knowledge of the personnel in charge of the care of older adults was assessed, and based on the information obtained, an infection control program for nursing homes was developed.
Control microbiológico en la empresa de productos lácteos SOPRAB alimentos KAZU del cantón Ambato en la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Tobar Martínez, Grimanesa Thalía; Tinajero Vasconez, María Fernanda Bqf. Mg.
Dairy products are an essential component of the daily diet and the economy, but they can become potentially dangerous products if they are not processed and distributed properly, so it is important to introduce a system that ensures safety throughout the food chain. The main objective of this project was to carry out a microbiological control in the milk pasteurization line in the dairy products company SOPRAB Alimentos Kazu in the Ambato canton in the province of Tungurahua. Using the Petrifilm plate count technique for the identification of Mesophilic Aerobes, total coliforms, molds and yeasts, samples were taken at five different points in the pasteurization line, obtaining the highest count of indicator microorganisms at point one corresponding to the raw material; at subsequent points, the counts decreased until <=1 cfu/mL was obtained in the final product. The results indicate that in the first two points sampled, 100 % of the samples had a high count for both aerobic Mesophiles (average count of 4971868.2 cfu/ml) and total coliforms (average count of 49428. 46 cfu/ml), but as the pasteurization process began, the counts for the indicator microorganisms decreased, obtaining an average count for Mesophilic aerobes of 306 cfu/ml while for total coliforms, molds and yeasts the count was 0 cfu/mL. These data obtained were within the values recommended in the Ecuadorian Technical Standard NTE INEN 9:2012, showing total conformity in the microbiological quality of pasteurized milk.
Co-infecciones bacterianas asociadas a la virulencia por SARS- CoV- 2. Parroquia Misahuallí, Cantón Tena, Provincia de Napo. Ecuador. 2021
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Llangarí Cujilema, Jorge Luis, Lcdo.; Velásquez de Preciado, Glenda Coromoto, PhD.
Co-infection by pathogens, especially bacteria, is an important risk factor that generates adverse results in COVID-19, becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The following were established as specific objectives: to distribute the population according to age groups and gender, to characterize the social determinants of health in the selected population, to diagnose the SARS-CoV-2 virus by RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swabs, to isolate the bacteria present in the sputum samples and pharyngeal exudates, as well as to evaluate the susceptibility to microbial agents, to finally measure the impact of intervention actions. It was an investigation with a quantitative, intervention, descriptive, non-experimental, field, documentary, cross- sectional approach. The age group mostly interviewed corresponded to those over 60 years of age. The male gender predominated (67.92 %). The subjects are settled in the rural area (84.90%). They belong to the Kichwa ethnic group (69.0%). The level of education corresponded to complete secondary (39.62%) and the population has informal employment (60.37%). 53 people tested positive for the RT-PCR technique for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The microorganisms isolated in the most prevalent sputum and pharyngeal exudate samples were Gram negative: (Klebsiella pneumoniae; 47.16%); Gram positive: (Staphylococcus aureus; 7.56%). A high rate of resistance to the beta-lactam family was found. During the intervention there was a change of attitude specifically, on the use of personal protective equipment to reduce cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the area.
Elaboración y Ejecución del manual para la toma de Cultivo de tejido de úlceras de pie diabético en el servicio de Cirugía Vascular del Hospital General Latacunga
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Herrera Durán, Magaly Johana Lcda.; Brito Zambrano, Johana Susana Med. Esp.
Introduction Infections are one of the usual complications of diabetic foot, a risk factor for amputation and the most frequent cause of extended stay of these patients, the diagnosis is very important as well as the identification of the microorganism and the patient's clinic (Segovia -Coronel et al., 2017). The importance of implementing the manual for taking diabetic foot ulcer tissue crop samples helped to improve order in practical activities and standardize the documentation associated with all processes, in addition to reducing errors that could confuse an eventual medical diagnosis. Objective. To implement a manual for taking tissue crop samples from ulcers in patients diagnosed with diabetic foot in the Vascular Surgery Service of the Latacunga General Hospital. Methodology This study is a non-experimental, cross-sectional, observational design, due to the fact that data will be collected in a certain time without intervening in the environment where the collection and processing of crop samples of swabs/ulcer tissue in patients will be carried out. Diagnosis of diabetic foot of the Angiology service of the General Hospital of Latacunga. The results obtained an increase of 31.11% in successfully processed samples thanks to the application of the manual, reaching 88.89% of adequate samples for the proper microbiological study (40 samples), thereby improving clinical diagnosis and contributing to correct antibiotic treatment. Conclusion The constant training of all the health personnel involved in the process of taking samples of diabetic foot ulcer tissue crop samples, is of great importance, in addition to the sequential updating of the elaborated manual.
Diseño de la implementación del área de micología humana en el hospital general docente Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Fonseca Zuñiga, Jackeline Elizabeth; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia Bq.F. Mg.
The main objective of this research was to design a functional area of human mycology in the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, whose methodology corresponded to a mix (cualitativecuantitative) and transactional study; for data collection, a survey was designed and applied to 101 professionals who work in the hospital, which was previously validated by ten (10) experts; and from its application, the perspective of the respondents regarding the project was determined, as well as the demand for the planned analysis. Obtaining as a result that there is indeed a need to carry out mycological analyzes since there are no mycology laboratories in the area and the approximate demand was recorded in more than 300 analyzes per month and the approval of the project was also validated by more than 90% of the staff professional who works in the institution, who mostly corresponded to workers who have between 11 to 15 years of service, work mainly in outpatient clinics and are medical specialists of the HGDA. For the development of the proposal, the area for the operation of the laboratory was determined and it was categorized as a LAC-2, together the equipment, reagents and materials that must be acquired for the proper functioning of the laboratory and its reference costs were established obtaining a total of 89,746.06 dollars for the project, which includes technical and human resources, thus completing the pertinent technical, administrative, operational and financial proposal to be presented to the institution's authorities
Caracterización Microbiológica y diseño de un plan de mejoramiento, saneamiento e higiene del agua de consumo de la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Proaño Santamaría, Jorge Luis Lcdo.; Inca Torres, Alberto Renato Bqf. Ph.D,
The presence of both traditional and emerging contaminants is one of the greatest concerns regarding the quality of water for human consumption. It is in this sense that different protocols have been developed for quality control in the aquatic environment, but a growing concern in this field is the relatively small concentrations and the fact that they cannot be eliminated by conventional water/wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, it poses new challenges in terms of the appropriate selection of technologies from a technical, economic and environmental point of view. In general, the literature discusses the removal of contaminants at significant concentrations (such as those found in wastewater), while few studies consider their low concentrations to occur in untreated water. This study presents an analysis of water for human consumption in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, where we have evaluated 22 water samples to determine the microbiological profile. The results of this research have been compared to samples from the same neuralgic points in the chain. of distribution at two time points, in November 2021 and March 2022. In this sense, once the 22 samples have been analyzed, the presence of total or fecal coliforms has not been evidenced at the two time points in which the samples for analysis were taken. The study is completed with a discussion on the implementation of environmental assessment instruments (life cycle assessment, carbon, water footprint, other types of assessments) that can be used to select advanced and sustainable drinking water treatment processes capable of remove emerging contaminants. This document critically reviews the main research topics related to the main microbiological contaminants and the importance of managing and implementing adequate methods to control the quality of water for human consumption.
Evaluación e implementación de métodos de diagnósticos para vaginosis bacteriana en las pacientes del Laboratorio de Especialidades Médicas Ochoa en base a criterios de Amsel y Nugent
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Yuquilema Poma, María Elena Lcda.; Vaca Altamirano, Gabriela Liseth Bqf. Ph.d.
Las infecciones del sistema reproductivo femenino, como la vaginitis y la vaginosis bacteriana, son comunes en mujeres de todas las edades, pero los cambios frecuentes asociados con la biología vaginal son menos conocidos. Esto afecta la calidad de vida de la mujer y provoca frustrantes dolencias como irritación de la vulva, ansiedad, disfunción sexual y molestias vaginales. Inclusive aquejando los costos médicos directos e indirectos relacionados con problemas de salud reproductiva (infertilidad), aborto espontáneo e histerectomía. Por otro lado, no siempre presentan signos o síntomas, pueden ser asintomáticos. Los microorganismos causantes de esta patología en un 40% – 50% son: Cocobacilos Gram Negativos, Bacilos Gram variables curvos y los Bacilos Gram positivos (lactobacilos). El diagnóstico se puede realizar mediante criterios clínicos, evaluando el morfotipo bacteriano con la tinción de Gram realizada en las secreciones vaginales o mediante métodos microbiológicos desarrollados como alternativa al diagnóstico. Este proyecto de desarrollo tiene como objetivo estandarizar los criterios diagnósticos de vaginosis bacteriana en mujeres con enfermedades vaginales mediante la aplicación de los criterios de Nugent (estándar de oro) en los estudios citobacteriológicos realizados en los Laboratorios de Especialidades Médicas Ochoa. Se realiza mediante la observación macroscópica y microscópica de flujo vaginal para analizar y describir la muestra en base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión de la población seleccionada para el muestreo. Se espera que proporcione una visión general de bases fundamentales para el desarrollo, revisión y actualización de métodos de laboratorio existente efectivo para el diagnóstico de la Vaginosis Bacteriana, base elemental para el desarrollo de medidas preparatorias preventivas, que puedan mejorar el nivel de salud y la calidad de vida de la población.