Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Caracterización del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto a partir de matriz de poliuretano monocomponente, reforzado con gránulo de caucho reciclado y fibra de abacá como material alternativo, para aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-02) Urquizo Vaca, Gabriel Alejandro; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe objective of this research is the characterization of a new material from recycled rubber, abaca fiber and resin, as an alternative material for industrial applications, different volumetric configurations of the composite material were taken to determine the best combination of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness and wear tests were performed, the specimens were obtained in tensile standards NTE INEN 1165, compression NTE INEN 889, hardness NTE INEN 887 and wear ISO 4649:2010. Using the design of experiments (DOE) method has been made 13 volumetric configurations of resin with rubber granules and abaca fiber in different sizes of short and long fiber were made, with the data we proceeded to extract the specimens that were sent for the different tensile, compression, hardness and wear tests, thus obtaining the best mechanical behavior of the configurations made of the mixture of polyurethane resin with rubber and abaca fiber. With the results of the tests carried out, the best volumetric configuration of short fiber with 10 percent resin, abaca: 25 percent and 65 percent rubber was obtained. In this compound, the tensile strength was 2.08 Mpa, the compressive strength was 58.798 Mpa, its hardness was 86 Shore A and the wear reached a value of 42.22, which certifies that this combination is accepted as an alternative material for industrial applications.Item Análisis estadístico con metodología de superficies de respuesta para la optimización de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido de matriz epóxica, reforzada con fibra de vidrio y abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Cunalata Caiza, César Marcelo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the present experimental work, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material was carried out, which is reinforced by natural abaca fibers arranged in a flat weave and fiberglass in a thermostable epoxy resin polymer matrix This material was vacuum molded and subsequently subjected to a CO2 laser cut. In the work, a Response Surface Methodology MSR with a Box-Behnken design is proposed which establishes that the minimum of input factors to consider is three and for each factor three levels, which are: Orientation of the tissue of natural fiber: 0, 45, 90 sexagesimal degrees, Fiberglass thickness: 0, 1, 2 mm, and the Curing temperature: 20, 50, 80 degrees Celsius, With this configuration, the design suggests a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels, from which data will be obtained after the execution of the destructive tests, data that will be validated with the fulfillment of parametric assumptions, thus guaranteeing high reliability throughout the statistical analysis process, consequently the variability ANOVA of the data provided by the MSR design was examined, specifying the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties, later the analysis is complemented with the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed through the desirability function. The results of this investigation determined that the optimal configuration of the factors to take advantage of the mechanical properties is: Orientation of the natural fiber 0 degrees, Thickness of fiberglass 0.76 mm and a Curing temperature of 42.42 degrees Celsius, the regression model of the MSR design explains up to 96,69 per cent the variability of the properties, with an Overall Desirability value of 0,7931.Item Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en la resistencia a la tracción, flexión e impacto de dos materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzados con fibra de abacá y plátano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Francisco Javier, Oquendo Lazo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental work has the determination of analysis the influence of outdoor exposure under ASTM D1435-99 (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, average rainfall and UV radiation), time (zero to six months) angle of exposure (45 degrees) and type of fiber (abaca and banana), in the behavior of the mechanical properties of composite materials. By means of the elaboration of two composite materials made with a polyester matrix and abaca fiber and another of a polyester matrix and banana fiber, the probes with the following dimensions (length, width and thickness) are made for the tensile test 250x25 x4 mm under ASTM D3039-2017, bending specimens 160x13x4 mm under ASTM D7264 and 80x10x4 mm charpy impact specimens under NTE INEN-ISO 179-2 . The first test was carried out at the beginning of the study and the second after six months, the data of the climatological variations and the variations of the weights of the specimens were also recorded. With the help of the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there are variations in the mechanical properties of both materials in the tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results of the study are presented through a statistical and graphic analysis carried out in the experimental work.Item Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliester reforzado con fibra de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Flores Jácome, Walter Giovanni; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe following research has as an objective to study the behavior that the material composed by the polymeric matrix with epoxy resin and polyester reinforced with abaca fiber has, at the moment to be subject of a grooving process, changing mechanization process parameters such as the cut speed and the advance speed, as well as the kind of tool to use. It is based on the surface response method to design the experiment, obtaining 52 combinations, each with its respective replica, giving a total of 104 grooves with cut-off speed values between 25.13 and 75.4 m/min, and an advance between 0.08 and 0.12 mm/rev, it is also applied the use of two different milling tools; the first tool 103-S (Super Acabado “Plexiglas”) and the second 107-M (Diamond serrate with front cut), the obtained results were entrance delamination factors, exiting factors and rugosity, allowing to know the superficial quality of the mixture. At the moment to develop a simultaneous optimization of the parameters used in the machining with a combination of a 85.81 m/min cut speed, advance of 0.12828 mm/rev, kind of tool 103-S, and a polyester resin matrix, entrance and exiting delamination factors are obtained similar to 1.0281 and 1.0707 respectively, and a rugosity of 2.3460μm; such values could be the best surface quality for this mixture. To complement the research, UV degradation essays were elaborated with 50, 100 and 150 exposure hours, concluding as the maximum effort traction capacity for the epoxi resin which is in the 100 hours and the polyester one to the 50 hours.Item Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Riera Riera, Marilyn Johaira; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn the present experimental work the process of Laser Cutting by CO2 was carried out, in which two sheets of composite materials were made as: (polyester resin combined with abaca fiber) and (epoxy resin combined with abaca fiber), which they were subjected to cuts; therefore, an analysis process based on the surface response method was proposed, in which the cutting parameters intervened, such as: power, speed and resin with their different levels; generating a total of 26 combinations with their replicas and obtaining a total of 52. Once the cuts were made, the surface quality of the material was evaluated by means of the surface roughness (Ra), for which a Mitutoyo SJ-210 rugosimeter was used, achieving thus to determine the minimum surface roughness of the material of 3.4833 μm, fulfilling like this with the established in ISO Standard 1302; the critical temperature (T) of the cut was also determined through calculations and temperature measurements of the surface were taken while it was cutting with the pyrometer, and getting a lower critical temperature which undoubtedly decreases the amount of material burned. A complementary test was carried out in which the flammability index of the composite materials was obtained, the process to perform these essays is detailed in the ISO 3795 standard; the combustion index was calculated obtaining 15.9 and 19.9 mm / min respectively, fulfilling like this with the requirements of the standards, since they do not exceed the maximum combustion index of 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min established in the standards NTE INEN 1668 and NTE INEN 1323 respectively.Item Análisis del proceso de taladrado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Pérez Amores, Evelyn Jackeline; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe objective of this experimental work is to analyze whether the factors (cutting speed, feed rate, resin type and bit type) influence a composite material formed by a polymer matrix and abaca fiber reinforcement. For which a design matrix with input variables was considered: spindle speeds of 468.63, 800, 1600, 2400 and 2731.3 rpm, feed speeds of 82.72, 120, 210, 337.28 mm / min, type of resin (polymer or epoxy) and bit (CERIN 109Ø10, CERIN 118Ø10). While in the output variables the delamination factor (Fd) and the roughness (Ra) were considered. With the obtained data, the microscopy was performed to determine the delamination factor and by means of the rugosimeter the measurements of Ra were obtained, later with the design a response surface analysis was carried out. In such a way that when using Epoxy Resin and CERIN 118Ø10 bit, the best surface finish was generated, using the cutting parameters: spindle speed 468.63 rpm, cutting speed 14.72 m/min and feed speed of 337.28 mm / min. Resulting in an input delamination of 1.0642, output delamination of 1.0183 and roughness of 1.4337 μm. In addition, “Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics” based on Standard D 570-98, in order to verify which of the two compounds concentrates the greatest amount of water, obtained as a result of the epoxy matrix compound and abaca fiber. absorbs more water% (12.995%) unlike the polyester matrix compound and abaca fiber (11.345%).Item Estudio de los parámetros de taladrado de un composite de matriz poliéster con refuerzo híbrido de fibra de vidrio más fibra de cabuya y su incidencia en las características de acabado superficial.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Moya Moya, Edwin Rolando; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe objective of this experimental work is to study the behavior of the composite material or composite of polyester matrix with hybrid reinforcement of fiberglass and fiber of cabuya of the parameters of the drilling operation, as it is a material previously developed with applications in bodyworks It is vital to know how the aforementioned material performs in operations previous to assembly. The input variables were the spindle speed (Vc) (1000, 2000 and 3000 rpm) and the feed speed (a) (100, 200 and 300 mm / min), and three types of drill bits were used with 8.5 mm diameter (HSS drill, special kevlar carbide drill bit and diamond tip coated drill bit). The delamination factor (Fd), mean roughness (Ra) and the microscopy of the perforation wall were considered as output variables. Subsequently, the Factorial Model 32 was used in the design and analysis of the experimentation. The best roughness (3,235 um) and output delamination factor (1,273) were obtained with the special carbide kevlar bit with Vc = 1000 rpm and a = 100 mm / min. While the best input delamination factor was obtained with the same dril but Vc = 3000 rpm and a= 200 mm / min.Item Selección y fabricación de componentes externos e internos de un prototipo de auto eléctrico BIPLAZA UTA-CIM17(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Naranjo Quispe, Lincol Marcelo; Jijón Arias, Héctor Leonardo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoFor the elaboration of the present technical project, the materials that comply with the applicable regulations, manufacturing processes and finishes suitable for the elaboration of the external and internal parts of the auto prototype were selected. In this technical work, the weighting was used as a selection tool for the different external and internal components that were used in the manufacture of the CIM17. The hybrid materials were taken into account for the interior lining process since some of these are within our reach, we can cite as an example the polyester resin + abaca fiber + cotton fiber, this being one of several materials that can find. Regarding manufacturing processes, manual stratification was used to obtain the piece made with the hybrid material that was used in the construction of internal components, as was the case with the board. The outer covering was made using the sheet metal technique to give shape to the design previously made, and also the components such as windows and windshields were built according to molds that were better adapted to the design of the CIM17.Item Caracterización de las propiedades mecánicas del material híbrido utilizando matriz epóxica reforzada con tejido de fibra vegetal de algodón y fibra natural de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Benavides Salinas, Geovanny Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis experimental research is based on the characterization of the hybrid material of epoxy matrix reinforced with layers of structured woven of abaca fibers and cotton in different orientations and with varied volumetric fractions, the purpose of the study is to obtain the best characterization of the material containing the best mechanical properties. In this work the stratification process was used for compression to obtain the hybrid material, it was to establish the definitive percentage volumetric fractions of reinforcements, material thickness and number of layers of reinforcement of woven. Of all the characterizations made determined group of specimens that exhibits the best mechanical properties tests standardized under the ASTM standards. (ASTM D3039-00 traction, flexion ASTM D7264-07 and impact ASTM D5628-10). The analysis of three types of trials determined that the hybrid material presented better mechanical properties corresponds to the case 3 which has a volumetric fraction of 75% resin Epoxy (matrix), 18.25% abaca fiber and 6.75 percent cotton (reinforcements).Item Estudio del comportamiento a fatiga mecánica por flexión en materiales poliméricos compuestos de matriz poliéster con fibra de abacá para determinar la relación esfuerzo-número de ciclos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-05-20) Chisaguano Adame, José Luis; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioEl presente estudio de investigación se basa en realizar un cierto número de probetas estandarizadas con una frecuencia de 30 Hz, sobre los cuales se generaron fracturas dependiendo del esfuerzo aplicado, se determinó el número de ciclos hasta la falla para el análisis de fatiga mecánica por flexión en la composición de resina poliéster con fibra de abacá en el que nos permita, encontrar un número de ciclos que nos indique el porcentaje óptimo de matriz para establecer la construcción de elementos dentro de la industria. Debido al estudio fatiga mecánica por flexión en materiales poliméricos compuestos de matriz poliéster con fibra de abacá se determinaron la relación esfuerzo-número de ciclos, se realizaron ensayos bajo algunos parámetros de la NORMA ASTM D- 671, por lo que fueron realizadas las probetas en su porcentaje de volumen y su estructuración obteniendo así el espécimen con mejores propiedades mecánicas en su deflexión. Finalmente se analizó un caso práctico utilizando los métodos descriptores: resina poliéster, fibra de abacá, matriz, esfuerzo-número de ciclos, elementos finitos.