Ingeniería Mecánica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/900
Browse
922 results
Search Results
Item Obtención y caracterización de bioplástico natural a partir de la hoja de tuna andina (Nopal) mediante (DOE - mezclas)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Flores Castro Germán Rafael; Paredes Salinas Juan Gilberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThe purpose of this research was to obtain and characterize a natural bioplastic made from Andean cactus pear (Nopal) leaves through a DOE-Mixture experimental design, as a biodegradable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. For the development of the study, cactus mucilage, starch, gelatin, glycerin, and vinegar were used, evaluating the influence of their proportions on the mechanical and biodegradable properties of the obtained material. The optimal method for mucilage extraction was established through washing, chopping, and soaking in water for 48 hours. Subsequently, by using statistical software and the DOEMixture design, 16 bioplastic formulations were developed, allowing the identification of the combinations with the best physical and mechanical characteristics. The prepared specimens were subjected to tensile tests under ASTM D638-14 standards and biodegradability tests under controlled and environmental conditions for 48 days. The results showed that certain formulations achieved competitive mechanical properties compared to commercial plastics, highlighting combination 4 for its higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Likewise, some formulations reached biodegradability rates above 90%, demonstrating significantly faster degradation than conventional plastics. The obtained results allowed concluding that the developed bioplastic has potential as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative for low mechanical demand applicationsItem Análisis del efecto de la velocidad de enfriamiento del acero ASTM A228, templado en agua, aceite y aire(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Pazmiño Lizano Marco Antonio; Espín Lagos Segundo Manuel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis work analyzes the effect of the cooling rate of ASTM A228 steel, quenched in water, SAE 20WS50 oil and air, evaluating its incidence on hardness and microstructure, with the purpose of providing useful information for the selection of the quenching medium in industrial applications. The methodology employed is quantitative, experimental, correlational and comparative, developed in the Metallography Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The procedure involved the preparation of 20 specimens distributed in four groups, the application of quenching through austenitization at 803 *C for 20 minutes in the three cooling media, followed by tempering at 260 *C for 35 minutes, the Rockwell C hardness test according to the ASTM El8 standard, and the microstructural analysis through metallographic preparation in accordance with ASTM E3 and ASTM E407 standards. The results show that the severity of the medium significantly influences the hardness and microstructure of the steel. Water quenching generated the highest hardness and a more refined microstructure, apparently compatible with tempered martensite; oil quenching produced intermediate values with a greater presence of the apparent microconstituent compatible with retained austenite; while air cooling generated a diffusive microstructure with lower hardness than that of the base state. The findings establish that water quenching is the most suitable alternative for applications requiring maximum hardness, while oil quenching offers a balance between hardness and reduction of the risk of distortionEl presente trabajo analiza el efecto de la velocidad de enfriamiento del acero ASTM A228, templado en agua, aceite SAE 20W50 y aire, evaluando su incidencia sobre la dureza y microestructura, con el propósito de aportar información útil para la selección del medio de temple en aplicaciones industriales. La metodología empleada es de tipo cuantitativo, experimental, correlacional y comparativo, desarrollada en el Laboratorio de Metalografía de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. El procedimiento contempló la preparación de 20 probetas distribuidas en cuatro grupos, la aplicación del temple mediante austenización a 803 °C durante 20 minutos en los tres medios de enfriamiento, seguido de revenido a 260 °C durante 35 minutos, el ensayo de dureza Rockwell C según la normativa ASTM E18 y el análisis microestructural mediante preparación metalográfica conforme a las normas ASTM E3 y ASTM E407. Los resultados evidencian que la severidad del medio influye significativamente en la dureza y la microestructura del acero. El temple en agua generó la mayor dureza y microestructura más refinada, aparente compatible con martensita revenida; el temple en aceite produjo valores intermedios con mayor presencia del microconstituyente aparente compatible con austenita retenida; mientras que el temple en aire generó una microestructura difusiva de menor dureza que la del estado base. Los hallazgos establecen que el temple en agua resulta la alternativa más apta para aplicaciones que requieren máxima dureza, mientras que el temple en aceite ofrece equilibrio entre dureza y reducción del riesgo de distorsiónItem Diseño de una máquina con movimiento radial para corte de tubos con capacidad de hasta 10 pulgadas de diámetro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Toscano Alulema Franklin Anibal; Escobar Luna Luis Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis thesis focuses on the design of a machine with radial movement for cutting metal tubes up to 10 inches in diameter, aimed at strengthening the Ecuadorian metalworking industry through locally developed solutions. The relevance of this work lies in the growing need for companies and the industry to have precision equipment that reduces dependence on imported machinery, optimizes manufacturing processes, and enhances the competitiveness of workshops, small enterprises, and medium-sized industries. This research is positioned within the field of mechanical design and industrial machinery development, implementing principles of plasma cutting and fatigue failure analysis. The methodology is structured in several stages: a literature review, a comparative analysis of different cutting technologies, conceptual design, and computer-aided design (CAD). The calculation reports allow for evaluating bending stresses and determining the required safety factors on the shafts, ensuring that mechanical components do not fail under real operational loads, even when accounting for variations, unforeseen conditions, or fatigue.Item Diseño de un sistema de pistolas Dumming para un sistema Jig de la línea de producción Shineray X30, para la empresa Ciudad Del Auto Ciauto Cia.Ltda basado en un análisis de factibilidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Mayorga Ortiz Esteban Alejandro; Vargas Tello José Ignacio; Carrillo Rosero Carlos Mauricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis project was carried out at Ciudad del Auto CIAUTO CÍA. LTDA., specifically on the Shineray X30 body production line, where it was identified that the spot welding process at the side panel and floor assembly station was performed manually, resulting in operational limitations related to non-productive time, restricted accessibility to the work area, operator overexertion, and elevated cycle times within the station. In order to optimize this process, a semi-automated system of self-actuated Dummy welding guns was designed and implemented, integrated into the existing production JIG while considering the geometric, structural, pneumatic, electrical, and quality requirements demanded by the automotive industry. The applied methodology combined field, bibliographic, and experimental methods, allowing the analysis of the station’s real operational behavior, the development of tower-type support structures for the precise positioning of the welding guns, and the technical validation of the system under actual operating conditions. The implementation significantly reduced direct operator intervention in hard-to-access areas, particularly on the underside of the vehicle body, while also reducing the process cycle time from 16 minutes and 23 seconds to 2 minutes and 26 seconds, maintaining a 100% acceptance rate of the weld spots according to the criteria established by the AWS D8.1M/D8.1 standard and the company’s internal quality requirements. Furthermore, the results demonstrated operational savings of approximately 111.96 man-hours per month, enabling the redistribution of human resources to higher-demand production lines without increasing operational workload. From a production perspective, the daily manufacturing capacity increased from an average of 12 to 14 units, representing an approximate 16.67% increase in productivity while maintaining the same number of operators. Finally, the technical-economic analysis determined that the proposed system is both operationally viable and financially feasible, since the improvements in productivity, reduction of non-productive times, and optimization of human resources contribute to a progressive return on investment throughout the estimated service life of the implemented system.Item Diseño termodinámico del proceso de deshidratación de frutas y hortalizas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Guevara Guzmán Bryan Steven; Espín Lagos Segundo Manuel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaFood dehydration is one of the most widely used preservation methods today, as it reduces moisture content, extends product shelf life, and minimizes post-harvest economic losses. In this context, the objective of this project was to develop the thermodynamic design of the dehydration process for fruits and vegetables using forced hot air, taking tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as the case study. The project was developed through a comprehensive literature review on the principles of heat and mass transfer applied to food drying. In addition, a comparative analysis of existing dehydration technologies was conducted in order to select the most suitable alternative. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of tomato, the psychrometric conditions of the city of Ambato, and the operational characteristics of the dehydrator used as design reference were determined. The collected information enabled the thermodynamic calculations required to establish operating parameters such as drying temperature, loading capacity, energy transfer, and air circulation conditions. Based on these variables, drying curves were developed as a function of time, allowing the description of the fruit's moisture removal behavior. As a result, a design methodology applicable to forced hot-air dehydration systems was established, serving as a technical reference for future applications in the processing and preservation of fruits and vegetables, while promoting the efficient utilization of agricultural products through technologies characterized by simple implementation and operational control.Item Evaluación de la viabilidad y diseño técnico para la sinergia de un sistema fotovoltaico y gestión de la demanda en la optimización energética del edificio de la FICM, Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Amores Bastidas Jennyfer Carolina; Yunapanta Velastegui José Luis; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis research addresses energy optimization in the higher education sector, a highly relevant topic due to the severe electricity crisis and energy rationing currently facing Ecuador. The study focuses on the technical design and viability assessment of a 47.7 kWp photovoltaic microgrid with storage, coupled to the FICM building at the Technical University of Ambato. The scientific novelty and main proposal of this work lie in the conceptualization of a hybrid model capable of completely eradicating the need to activate the Perkins 1104A-44TG1 combustion generator—located adjacent to the classrooms—during low-water periods (estiaje). By delegating the electrical contingency to the lithium battery bank, the harmful mechanical impact caused by the thermal engine operating under low load is eliminated, and the local emission of noise and polluting gases is mitigated. Methodologically, the work began with a quantitative load diagnosis, recording a base consumption of 168.83 kWh/day, followed by detailed stochastic modeling in the specialized software PVsyst V8.1.1 using irradiation data from Meteonorm 8.2. The project aligns directly with the institutional research line of renewable energies, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The proposal concludes with robust economic viability and financial engineering, backed by a Net Present Value (NPV) of $31,185.40 USD, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 14.85%, and an optimized payback period of 6.5 years, while dually mitigating 22.42 tons of CO₂ annuallyItem Diseño de conexiones entre perfiles conformados en frío de sección transversal uv en acero ASTM A572 grado 50 utilizado en la construcción de torres de telecomunicaciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Chico Segura Marlon Sebastián; Salazar Aguilar Angel Gabriel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis research addresses the analysis of bolted connections composed of UV profiles and plates, which are commonly used in the construction of telecommunication towers. The behavior of the bolted joint is examined through experimental testing (compression and tension tests) and numerical simulation. It is important to highlight the use of the AISC 360-22 standard as the structural design guide, as well as the AWS D1.1 code for the design of welded joints required for the fabrication of the gripping elements used in the tensile test specimens. The experimental work consisted of conducting three tensile tests and three compression tests to identify the critical elements in each connection and subsequently obtain force–displacement curves from the results. Additionally, before performing the final tests, preliminary compression and tensile tests were carried out to determine the stiffness of the bolted structure. Regarding the numerical simulation, a three-dimensional model based on surface elements was developed. The necessary conditions were established to accurately represent the physical behavior of the structural joint and to demonstrate the agreement between the experimental and simulated force– displacement responses. In summary, the study emphasizes the comparison of forces and displacements in bolted connections subjected to axial loading.Item Repotenciación del sistema tipo araña mediante tracción magnética para inspección ultrasónica de espesores en tanques, conforme a API 653(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-08) Aleaga Vera Venus Macarena; Paredes Salinas Juan Gilberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe main objective of this Degree Project is to upgrade a spider-type semi-automatic ultrasonic system (MFD-800B), originally designed for pipeline evaluation, by integrating the technological application of magnetic traction to inspect thicknesses in storage tanks under the API 653 standard. Manual inspection in large structures involves high occupational risks due to working at heights, extended execution times, and the generation of inconsistent data with broad blind areas. To overcome these geometric and adherence limitations, the original clamp was replaced by a sandwich structural chassis (acrylicrubber-acrylic) equipped with 16 N52 neodymium magnet modules configured in series. With an air gap calibrated at 2 mm to protect the epoxy coating, this array provides a normal force of 240 N and a dynamic Factor of Safety of 5.33, facilitating a stable orthogonal displacement. The mechatronic reengineering included the adaptation of commercial 6515 wheels, TT and N20 gear motors to optimize torque, and wireless Bluetooth control using an Arduino Uno R3. The experimental validation contrasted discrete manual sampling (5 points) against the prototype’s continuous high-density scanning. The results demonstrated that the upgraded system reduces the total operational time by 30.63% and minimizes the margin of error to +0.03 mm (an 88% improvement). Backed by experimental evidence, its high-density matrix scanning significantly increased the probability of detection (POD) of critical zones of localized corrosion (10.15 mm pitting) conventionally omitted, improving the reliability of structural integrity assessments.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina de electrohilado vertical de 0 a 50 kV para generar nanofibras a base de polímero colágeno(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-06) Bustos Franco Edwin Sebastián; Ocaña Flores Anderson Ignacio; Guamanquispe Toasa Jorge Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis technical project aimed to design and construct a vertical electrospinning machine with an operating range of 0 to 50 kV for the production of collagen-based nanofibers with applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Equipment development was grounded in the analysis of critical electrospinning process parameters and component selection through weighted decision matrices. The methodology encompassed the mechanical and electromechanical design of the injection system, driven by a NEMA 23 stepper motor, ZK-SMC01 controller, and TB6600 driver configured at 6400 microsteps, achieving continuous and pulse-free volumetric control. A 0– 50 kV high-voltage power supply was integrated alongside a cabin featuring dielectric insulation and electromagnetic shielding based on the Faraday cage principle, ensuring protection of electronic components and operator safety. Experimental validation employed commercial gelatin dissolved in acetic acid as an experimental analog for collagen. Through visual inspection, metallurgical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stabilization of the Taylor cone and formation of continuous fibrillar structures were confirmed. Optimal operating parameters were established at 25 kV applied voltage, 9 cm needle-to-collector distance, and 1 ml/h injection flow rate, yielding nanofibers with a minimum average diameter of 947.84 nm. The equipment was developed with a total investment of USD 2,028.34, becoming the first system of this capacity at the faculty.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de tracción y flexión de materiales poliméricos comerciales utilizados en componentes mecánicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-06) Tamayo Pozo Paul David; Vaca Ortega Wilson Henry; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis research analyzes the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of four commercial polymeric materials widely used in the Ecuadorian mechanical industry: Duralón, Grilon, Teflón, and Nylon. The central problem is the absence of these properties in the technical data sheets provided by local distributors, forcing engineers to rely on international reference values that may not correspond to the locally acquired material, generating risks of overdesign or premature failure. A total of 56 standardized specimens were manufactured using a cutting process that does not thermally affect the material properties: 28 Type I specimens for tensile testing (ASTM D638-22) and 28 rectangular specimens for flexural testing (ASTM D790-25), with 6 specimens tested per material per test type, from a total of 56 manufactured specimens, 8 of which were kept as backup to ensure dimensional control and traceability. The specimens were conditioned for 70 hours at 23.6 °C and 50% relative humidity in accordance with ASTM D618, ensuring controlled pre-test conditions. The tests were carried out in a certified materials testing laboratory using a 50 kN universal testing machine under the standardized conditions established by ASTM D638 and ASTM D790, ensuring the validity and traceability of the results obtained. This work generates a local experimental reference dataset of tensile and flexural mechanical properties for the tested materials, under the specific supply, geometry and testing conditions employed, providing a verifiable technical contribution for the selection of polymeric materials in mechanical components of the Ecuadorian industry