Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de una matriz para la fabricación de chapetones de cerraduras cilíndricas que se usará en las prácticas de laboratorio de la FICM(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025) Fonseca Ramírez Alex Nicolai; Carrillo Rosero Carlos MauricioThis project for the design and construction of a drawing and cutting die was born from the need to solve problems regarding the education received by the students of the Mechanics Career, who due to the lack of laboratory practices on the topics related to drawing, dies and dies, only receive these topics in a theoretical way, creating a gap in the knowledge of the students. In order to develop the project, several sources that speak about the subject were used, sources that provided the optimal and precise information for the development of the design and the construction of the die. With the use of different calculations to those taught in classes on the subject, the design was achieved, since the piece does not have an easy geometry, likewise, research was done on the materials needed for the construction of the matrix whose properties are optimal for all the processes that these would take to be machined and tested. To finalize the project the necessary tests were carried out resulting in the final piece whose geometry was expected in two drawing strokes whose pressures fall within the range of 6 to 8 tons and the cutting process of 2 to 3 tons, the process for obtaining the piece is the most accurate obtaining the same without breaks or bends that may affect the appearance of the same. With the development of a practical guide that can be interactive for the students of the mechanical career, it is expected to be able to solve the gaps through practical workshops in the laboratory of the faculty generating a better understanding on the subject of drawing and cutting with dies.Item Diseño de matrices para conformado de herraje de soporte de pared utilizados en estructuras livianas(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025) Nuñez Paredes Alex Eduardo; Peña Jordán Francisco AgustínThis degree project focuses on the design of dies for forming wall support fittings used in lightweight structures (Steel Framing), based on an analysis of the growth of this system in the national construction market. According to data from INEC, a potential application area equivalent to 2.9% of the total projected housing was identified, which highlights a clear opportunity for the development of technical solutions targeted at this niche. To achieve the objectives, a progressive die was designed that sequentially integrates cutting, drilling, and bending operations, distributed across seven workstations. The design was carried out using CAD software, which enabled the simulation and optimisation of each stage of the production process. AISI 1045, D2, and ASTM A36 steels were selected according to the requirements of each component, in addition to defining manufacturing processes and heat treatments to ensure strength, precision, and durability in the production of the fittings. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted, demonstrating the feasibility of the project. The results indicate a favourable cost-benefit ratio, a short-term return on investment, and a production capacity aligned with the estimated demand. It is concluded that the designed die represents a technically viable and economically profitable solution for the manufacture of components used in lightweight construction systemsItem Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de máquina sembradora y dosificadora manual de maíz para la empresa natural VACIM(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025) Chicaiza Chicaiza Nestor Tadeo; Solis Llerena Carlos Paúl; Carrillo Rosero Carlos MauricioThis degree project aimed to design and build a prototype of a manual maize seeder and dispenser, intended for small and medium-scale farmers who require a simple, cost-effective, and easy-to-operate tool to help optimize and improve the sowing process. The technical development began with the study of existing similar equipment, which made it possible to identify the needs of the agricultural environment and gather ideas for both design and materials. Experimental and field methodologies were applied to validate the prototype's performance through tests on seed and fertilizer dosage, furrow opening and covering, and input usage. Direct observation confirmed that each component of the machine performed its function correctly and efficiently. During field tests, the final prototype demonstrated proper performance by accurately depositing seeds, maintaining appropriate spacing between seed groups and furrows, and achieving correct furrow opening and coverage. These results met the technical requirements for proper sowing and fulfilled the expectations of the partnering organization. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prototype meets the proposed requirements and represents a viable alternative for improving manual sowing in rural areas. Its design is accessible, improvable, replicable, and adaptable, as it is built with materials readily available in the local market. In this way, it becomes a valuable contribution to the agricultural sector and to those who work the land every dayItem Desarrollo de una aplicación computacional para el análisis de estructuras utilizando elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Yugcha Chango, Alex Adrian; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis project addresses the growing need for tools that enable the efficient and pedagogical resolution of complex structural problems, given the complexity of current commercial solutions. By facilitating the learning of the finite element method, it aims to promote an understanding of the fundamentals of structural analysis and their application to real-world problems. Additionally, it focuses on offering an interactive experience that fosters the development of skills for solving complex problems in both academic and professional settings. An application was designed using matrix calculation algorithms in Python, complemented by specialized libraries of this programming language to handle matrices, generate visualizations, and produce detailed reports. Validation was carried out through experimental tests and comparisons with specialized software, analyzing practical cases of bar structures, trusses, and frames. Simultaneously, bibliographic references were consulted to support the mathematical formulation and the design of the graphical interface, ensuring that users can understand and replicate the calculations performed by the program. The results obtained demonstrate that the application is capable of accurately calculating stiffness matrices, nodal displacements, and stress diagrams, maintaining a minimal difference compared to results generated by commercial tools. Furthermore, the application offers a unique pedagogical approach, explaining the internal processes of the FEM and providing detailed reports of the structural analysis. In conclusion, this proposal represents an accessible and educational alternative that integrates advanced calculations with an intuitive interface, contributing to both learning and professional practice in structural engineering.Item Diseño, implementación y automatización de un sistema de riego mixto (goteo y microaspersión) para un invernadero de producción de fresa en el cantón Tisaleo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Ramos Moreta, Kevin Patricio; Tixe Yugcha, Joel Leonardo; Sánchez Almeida, Edwin LeonardoGiven the high labor costs due to the remote location of the greenhouse, manual irrigation and water wastage, this technical project aims to meet the need to implement an automated irrigation system for a strawberry greenhouse, which is able to optimize water distribution according to the needs of the crop, improving water management. In this project, the infiltration rate of the soil was determined to understand the conditions of absorption and retention, followed by temperature measurements to establish the optimal time of operation of the micro-sprinkler; a mixed irrigation nozzle was designed by integrating the methods mentioned above, based on principles of operation of existing emitters in the market. The nozzle was manufactured using 3D resin printing, a rapid prototyping method. For the operation of the mixed irrigation system, agronomical and hydraulic calculations were performed, allowing the design of a piping system capable of operating at different pressures: 1.1 bar for drip and 3.4 bar for micro-sprinkling, guaranteeing the correct operation of the nozzle. The automation of the system was controlled in Arduino, temperature sensor, clock module and relays that control the solenoid valves, alternating between drip and microsprinkling according to the programmed schedules and weather conditions. The results obtained through the implementation of the new system improved the overall water efficiency of the greenhouse by 24 percent. In addition, it eliminated the need for manual irrigation by hose, contributing to economic savings.Item Diseño de matrices para conformar herrajes usados en la junta viga – columna de estructuras livianas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Ramírez Morales, Fabricio Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínTo ensure the stability and safety of metal constructions, these fittings must meet precision and strength standards, especially in structural systems such as “Steel Framing”. Although advances have been made in metal forming processes, there are still challenges in the efficient manufacture of high-precision fittings. Dies were designed to form fittings used in beam-column joints in light structures. To this end, a detailed analysis of the forming processes was carried out, and the operations involved in the manufacture of fittings were studied. In addition, a progressive die was designed and simulated using the software involved in order to ensure efficiency and precision in the production of fittings. Within the simulation of the dies, it was necessary to choose between various catalogues to select the components that best fit the forming process that was intended to be achieved. In addition, applicable regulations were considered in each component of the die, trying to guarantee its durability and required standards, in order to have a processing of the parts involved. The cost of each component was evaluated in order to have an economic approach and economic feasibility. The simulations allowed to evaluate the effects of operations such as punching, cutting and bending, optimizing the design of the dies to minimize defects in the manufactured fittings. Additionally, the cost of construction of the dies was analyzed and their economic investment was verified, ensuring their viability and efficiency in the manufacturing process.Item Implementación de la metodología 5S para incrementar la eficiencia operativa en la empresa Preplast en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Pérez Péres, Diego Alexander; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánOne of the primary challenges affecting the operational process at PREPLAST is the lack of efficiency among production personnel due to the absence of the 5S methodology. This method, originating in Japan, focuses on principles of order, cleanliness, classification, standardization, and discipline within production processes, contributing to the improvement of working conditions. This research study evaluates the impact of implementing the 5S methodology in PREPLAST’s production area, analyzing order fulfillment rates, process optimization, and waste reduction. Prior to its implementation, 75 per cent of orders were completed on time. Through data collection and employee feedback, the study identified key areas for improvement, including reduced search times, minimized production waste, and enhanced workplace organization. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in work area organization, waste minimization, and employee engagement. The workforce reported increased satisfaction and confidence in workplace conditions, fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Upon full implementation of the 5S methodology, order fulfillment rates increased to 94 per cent, and overall operational efficiency saw a marked improvement.Item Análisis de parámetros termodinámicos para determinar niveles de eficiencia en miniturborreactores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paucar Rojana, Christian Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project focuses on acquiring in-depth knowledge about miniturbojets within the field of combustion engines, since, to date, there is not enough research on the subject. An evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters that influence their operation was carried out, using specialized software. In this program, a miniturbojet model was selected and, based on it, calculations were made to optimize its efficiency and performance. For the initial development, key aspects such as the temperature and inlet and outlet pressures in the compressor, combustion chamber and nozzle were analyzed. In addition, additional variables such as fuel type and compression ratios were considered. These factors were determined by thermal efficiency calculations, considering the heat input in the miniturbojet compressor. From these parameters, an exhaustive analysis was carried out, allowing the identification of different variables that influence the performance of the system. In particular, a detailed study of the TJ1 turbomachine was carried out, in which its thermal and propulsive efficiency were determined, showing how the energy contained in the gas flow is transformed into useful thrust. In addition, it was identified that various sections of the miniturbojet operate under a Brayton cycle, which allowed its isentropic performance to be evaluated under the temperature and pressure conditions reached during the operation of the system, also considering possible energy losses and their impact on efficiency.Item Optimización de los tiempos de producción en el área de ensamble de una camioneta 4x4 en la empresa Ciauto mediante el análisis de flujos y la identificación de cuellos de botella(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paredes Toapanta, Fernanda de los Ángeles; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe automotive industry faces constant challenges in the optimization of processes, generating a greater impact on the efficiency and quality of the final product. In the City of the Auto "CIAUTO", problems related to bottlenecks and activities that do not generate value in the Assembly area for the production of a 4x4 truck were identified. These limitations affect cycle times, operational fluidity, and the ability to meet market demads. In this study, an exhaustive analysis of the assembly lines was carried out: Chasis, Trim, and Cabina. Tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VMF), time studies by station and operator, in addition to the balancing wall that allows the identification of stations that are bottlenecks were used. Movement diagrams were also used to analyze unnecessary displacement, and the root causes of operational inefficiencies are evaluated using the Ishikawa diagram. Subsequently, a second time study was carried out, comparing the results with the initial study to determine the percentage reduction in man-hours. The impact of the implemented proposals is evaluated through a cost study conducted for one year. The analysis concludes by accepting the null hypothesis, reflecting that the implemented improvements do not result in an overall enhancement of operational efficiency. However, reductions in station and operator times were achieved, tasks were balanced using the balancing wall, excessive movements were eliminated, and activities that do not add value are projected to be further reduced.Item Desarrollo del proceso de fabricación para la obtención de sorbetes biodegradables.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Manjarrez Ocaña, Edwin Andrés; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe growing concern about environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics has driven the search for biodegradable alternatives. This project addresses this issue by developing a process to manufacture biodegradable straws that reduce environmental impact. The use of materials such as sugarcane bagasse was prioritized due to its availability, low cost, and biodegradable properties, along with its versatility and low carbon footprint, aligning with global sustainability trends and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The development process included an exhaustive review of the scientific and technical literature to identify suitable materials and evaluate the most efficient manufacturing methods. The extrusion method was selected as the main technique, given its ability to process the chosen materials and its adaptability in the industry. As part of the project, a single-screw extruder machine was designed, optimized to produce up to 2 kg/hour of biodegradable straws. The design focused on the efficiency of the process and the proper configuration of the extrusion system, ensuring continuous and uniform production with low resource consumption. The results of the study showed that the combination of sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch allows obtaining biodegradable straws with characteristics suitable for use in the food industry. The designed machine meets the requirements of sustainable production, ensuring economic viability, industrial scalability, and reduction of plastic waste. In addition to promoting technological innovation and supporting the transition towards a circular economy.