Tesis Agronomía

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Adaptación de diez genotipos de zanahoria (Daucus carota) para zonas de altura en Quero - Tungurahua
(2022-09) Pallo Martínez, Klever Daniel; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
The importance of carrot cultivation (Daucus carota) at the national level is part of the food group with the most benefits for human beings, it is consumed directly or made into drinks, the value of this root lies in its nutritional importance; the adaptability of more carrot genotypes emerges as an alternative for use, new market options, increasing income levels for the producer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of ten carrot genotypes (Daucus carota) together with two controls, for high altitude areas in Quero-Tungurahua, estimating their adaptation and agronomic behavior, as well as determining the yield per treatment studied. The trial was carried out in the Jaloa El Rosario community of the Quero canton, province of Tungurahua. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) it is located at an altitude of 3,320 meters above sea level with its geographic coordinates of 1°25'41" South latitude and 78°34'44" West latitude. A DBCA randomized block design was used, with ten treatments, two controls and three replications. The data obtained from the trial were analyzed using the Infostat statistical package, applying an ADEVA, a 5% Tukey test was used for significant values, the results obtained show that T4 (Chantenay EMC559), presented the best characteristics, agronomic and of yield, being an alternative for the locality, the opposite happened with the T10 that was not adapted to the conditions of the study locality, concluding that the Genotype T4 (Chantenay EMC559) is an alternative for the small and large producers of the highlands.of Quero.
Adaptación de tres híbridos de tomate hortícola (Lycopersicum esculentum) bajo cubierta plástica
(2023-09) Tubón Tite, Wendy Lizbeth; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
The research focuses on the behavior of three horticultural tomato hybrids (Lycopersicum esculentum) under plastic cover. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used with 3 treatments and a commercial control and 4 repetitions. Several variables were evaluated, such as survival percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of days to flowering, number of days to fruiting, number of days to harvest, number of fruits, distance between clusters, equatorial diameter. , polar diameter and fruit weight. For the statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS Statistics program was used and tests such as Scheffe were applied with a significance of 0.05; Homogeneity of variances with a confidence level of 95%. Showing that the three horticultural tomato hybrids successfully adapted under plastic cover in the Huachi Grande parish, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Where it was observed that the H1-Arsin Hybrid showed outstanding results in the variables studied during the investigation, as the third best in survival with 94.28%, greater stem diameter at 75 days with 1.41 cm, fewer days of flowering with 42.55 days, fewer days of fruiting with 57.70 days, greater polar diameter with 6.26 cm and higher yield (20,100 kg/ha), the shape of the fruit was round, which indicates a favorable fruit production in this variety and adapted to the environmental conditions of the Huachi Grande parish, which makes it the most promising option in the study.
Aislamiento de microorganismos benéficos asociados en plantas sanas de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa) en la comunidad Angahuana Bajo
(2025-02) Iza Bravo Liliana Patricia; Pomboza Tamaquiza Pedro Pablo
The present study carried out on the isolation of associated beneficial microorganisms in healthy strawberry plants (Fraggaria ananassa). Soil samples were obtained from strawberry crops located in the Angahuana Bajo community, Santa Rosa Parish. It was obtained from 8 plants from two plots. Culture media were prepared and the microorganisms were inoculated in each Petri dish. The plates were then analyzed with the help of a microscope and information on colony formation was recorded. The developed fungi were isolated and performed by microculture to obtain pure cultures. These samples were identified and morphological characterization was carried out. The number of hyphae, conidia, conidiophores and number of spores were counted. The front and back color of each mushroom was recorded. The main results obtained were the isolation of 5 fungi which were identified and characterized. Within the study carried out, 4 species of pathogenic fungi and one beneficial fungus were found. In the rhizosphere soil, the genus Fusarium sp and the genus Penicillium sp were the most frequently colonized by pathogenic fungi; the genus Brachysporium sp and Cladosporium sp were less frequently colonized, and the beneficial fungus was found to be the genus Trichoderma sp. The beneficial fungus helps to improve the access and absorption of nutrients, such as the decomposition of organic matter. In addition, it helps to protect phytopathogenic fungi, which are related to crops.
Aislamiento y caracterización del agente causal de pudriciones en el cultivo de Allium sativum L.
(2023-09) Tituaña Cajahuishca, Mónica Tatiana; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the crops with the smallest planting area in Ecuador due to its phytosanitary problems and the lack of quality seed bulbs. One of the factors that affects the production of this crop is the presence of diseases, among the most common is bulb rot. For this reason, the present investigation was proposed with the objective of identifying the causal agents that occur in the rotting of the garlic crop in the Pilahuín parish belonging to the Tungurahua province. Three isolates were obtained from infected bulb tissue, which were selected for cultural and morphological characterization. The results indicated that the causative agents of the most common rots were Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, Penicillium allii and Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. It is hoped that the results of these studies serve as a basis for the establishment of an integrated disease management program that leads to an increase in the garlic (Allium sativum L.) planting area in order to reach a supply in Ecuador.
Aplicación de enraizantes naturales en la propagación vegetativa de la uva (Vitis vinífera) por medio de esquejes
(2023-09) Sigcha Azogue, Mercy Nataly; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
In Ecuador the cultivation of the vine (Vitis vinifera) began with the arrival of the Spaniards to America and was distributed in various Andean areas, so this research work was conducted in the Tambillo parish, the purpose of this research was to generate information on the methods of propagation of the vine, using natural extracts to promote the propagation of this fruit. The important factors in the propagation of the vine are the rooting agents that help the proliferation and formation of a good root system, giving way to the formation of a new plant; The objective of this research work was to compare the efficiency of natural rooting extracted from lentil, willow and wheat in the propagation of grape (Vitis vinifera) by means of cuttings, where the variables evaluated were survival or rooting percentage, root number, root length, root system volume and number of shoots; a completely randomized design with a bifactorial analysis, with three replications, was used in the field work. Prior to the statistical analysis, the data transformation was done with √(x+1), and then using the Tukey test at 5%, the data collection was done from 30 days to 90 days, where the study factor was E1 (adult grape cutting) and E2 (young grape cutting); followed by the extract factor P1 (lentil extract), P2 (willow extract), P3 (wheat extract), and finally the commercial rooting agent Radifit applied on adult and young cuttings; from these parameters it could be established that the rooting agent Radifit in T1 (Radifit adult cuttings) and T2 (Radifit young cuttings) obtained significant differences at 1% by obtaining a p-value of 0.0001% in most of the variables. In addition, a cost analysis was performed between the natural and commercial rooting agents, where the natural rooting agents had a total cost of US$ 8.40 and the commercial rooting agent had a total cost of US$ 10.
Aplicación de la Electrocultura en el cultivo de Lechuga (Lactuca sativa)
(2024-08) García Hernández, Santiago Giovanni; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The present investigation was carried out on the premises of the Unamuncho sector of the Ambato canton, province of Tungurahua, with the purpose of applying Electroculture in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), using antennas made manually with copper wire material and galvanized aluminum wire. . A randomized complete block design was carried out with five treatments in three repetitions. To record data, they were obtained using a DBCA and with the Tukey test at 5%, observing the following variables: Height of the plant at the time of harvest (cm), chlorophyll and nitrogen content, days to harvest, weight of cabbage at harvest, diameter of cabbage at harvest, electrical conductivity of the soil, recording the following results: The treatments carried out in the research project M1A1, M1A2 (copper wire) and M2A1, M2A1 (galvanized aluminum wire) They are very effective compared to the Witness who has had a poor performance. In plant height, the treatment that stood out the most was M1A2, with a height of 18.04 cm; In the weight of cabbage, the treatment that stood out the most was M1A2, with a weight of 1341.67 g; In the diameter of the cabbage at harvest, the treatment that stood out was M1A2, with a diameter of 19.13 cm; In the chlorophyll content, it was found that the M1A1 treatment, with an average of 24.95, was the one that stands out the most of all the treatments and the control; In the nitrogen content, M1A1 stood out the most, with an average of 8.03; With respect to the electrical conductivity of the soil, it was obtained that treatments M1A1 and M1A2 have an average of 30.28, treatments M2A1 and M2A2 had an average of 32.61 and the Control had an average of 21.14.
Aplicación del método de vernalización en semillas de maíz suave (Zea mays) en la parroquia de Huambaló
(2025-02) Ruiz Paredes Daniela Nagely; Zurita Vásquez José Hernán
Research concerning the application of the vernalization method in corn is scarce, the present document specifies the application of this method as a guide yielding interesting data that could change the production matrix of this species when applied in a simple way. The experiment was developed in the Huambaló parish with the objective of evaluating the effects of this method on the germination, flowering and development of the corn crop in a region with specific climatic characteristics. Using a completely randomized block design with 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, treatments were carried out with combined temperatures of 3°C and 7°C with exposure times of 120 and 240 hours and compared with a control without vernalization. The results showed that the treatment at 7°C for 240 hours (D2T2) was the most effective, reducing the days to germination, flowering, improving plant uniformity and vigor, with an average germination rate of 91.67%, higher than 79.17% of the control, an average height of 35.25 cm after 25 days and a flowering time of 84 days for male flowering and 90 days for female flowering, respectively. These results demonstrate that vernalization optimizes the maize production cycle and represents a viable technique to improve agricultural yields in the Huambaló parish, where the standard implementation of the D2T2 treatment (7°C - 240hours) is recommended. It is also important to ensure the quality of the seeds and their proper handling before treatment, as well as to promote technical training of farmers to maximize the benefits of this practice and strengthen local agricultural productivity. This study not only contributes to the technical knowledge of maize cultivation but also provides practical tools to address agricultural challenges in the parish.
Biología de Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) en dos cultivares aguacate (Persea americana Mill)
(2024-02) Ojeda Barrera, Alex José; Leiva Mora, Michel
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important fruit tree that is commercially grown in several tropical and subtropical regions. This species is attacked by different species of mites, including Oligonychus peruvianus; however, there are few studies on this topic. According to this, this research aimed to evaluate the bioecological aspects of Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) in avocado (Persea americana Mill). The biology of the mite was studied on two avocado cultivars (Verde and Hass), under laboratory conditions using rearing units. The biological cycle (eggadult) was longer when the females were reared on leaves of cultivar Verde (19.5 days), while in cultivar Hass, this time was reduced by 17.4 % (16.1 days). Females showed greater longevity when they were reared on Hass leaves (20.8 days), while in the Verde, the lifespan was reduced to 12.8 days. Furthermore, fecundity was significantly higher in females reared on Hass leaves (23.8 eggs/female) and decreased to 12.6 eggs/female in females reared on avocado cv. Verde. According to the results, the cultivar Hass seems to offer the best conditions for the development of the mite, therefore, this information should be taken into account when establishing and designing pest management plans. Keywords: avocado, biology, fecundity, longevity, oviposition rate.
Capacidad de depredación de Typhlodromalus sp. y Stigmaeus sp. sobre diferentes estados de desarrollo de Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) en fresa”
(2024-02) Tercero Gualpa, Elizabeth Mishel; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumanda
The strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) is one of the best tasting and most consumed fruits worldwide. In Ecuador, production has begun in the provinces of Pichincha, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo and others. Strawberry production is affected by several pests, such as thrips, aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies and mites, which attack the crop throughout the year. The mite Zetranychus urticae is considered one of the phytophagous mites worldwide, it causes severe damage in a short time and its reproduction is accelerated, resulting in the decline of large populations of predators such as Typhlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. generally feed on eriophyid or tetranychid mites, living in the soil and plants. The objective of the trial was to determine the predation capacity of Tiphlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on strawberry. The research was analyzed by means of an analysis of variance compared by means test according to Tukey (P< 0.05) using the Statistix package and by divided plots. The predators Typhlodromalus sp. and Stigmaeus sp. on different egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and mobile stages, larvae and nymphs, (2, 4, 8 and 16) of 7: urticae were studied in separate trials under laboratory conditions. Through the research carried out, it was possible to calculate the number of prey consumed by the predator Typhlodromalus sp. in egg stages of T- urticae, With the best result being T3 with a density of 20 eggs and an average of 2.8 eggs consumed/day, and for the mobile phase it was determined that the best treatment was T4 with a density of 8 mites reaching an average of 2.12 mites in mobile phase consumed/day. For the predator Stigmaeus sp. in terms of the number of prey consumed in egg stages of T- wrticae it was shown that the most effective treatment was T5 with a density of 40 eggs and an average of 3.6 eggs consumed/day, for the mobile phase it was found that the best treatment was T4 with a density of 16 mites in mobile phases and an average of 1.62 mites in mobile phase consumed/day. Keywords: strawberry cultivation, 7etranychus urticae, depredador, Typhlodromalus sp., Stigmaeus sp.
Conocimiento sobre los métodos de control de plagas agrícolas de los productores de maíz en los cantones Quito y Patate: una comparación
(2024-02) Lesano Yaguar, Kevin Javier; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
Maize crop (Zea mays L.) has spread rapidly throughout the world and has become one of the main cereal crops worldwide. As in other important crops, the use of agrochemicals is the main method of pest control, however, little is known about the level of farmers' knowledge about the risk of this type of strategy. In this sense, this research aimed to diagnose the knowledge of agricultural pest control methods of corn farmers in the Quito and Patate cantons. A structured survey was applied to a sample of 40 respondents in each study area. Among the main pests in both areas represented by the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugperda), cutworm (Agrotis spp.), slugs and aphids, chemical control being used as the main pest management method. According to the results, producers in both areas are unaware of or do not give importance to the risks associated with the excessive use of pesticides, such as problems to human, animal, soil and water health. In relation to the factors that determine this behavior, it is included that farmers consider that they are effective products for pest control and that, for Patate producers, they show a rapid effect in control. Finally, the almost total lack of knowledge on the part of farmers about the potential benefit of other strategies such as biological control, use of resistant varieties, among others, was confirmed. The design of training and awareness campaigns for corn producers is recommended to avoid damage to health and the environment. Keywords: pest control, sustainable strategies, corn, Patate, Quito
Desarrollo de técnicas de detección de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 4 (R4T) utilizando tres pares de primer a través de (PCR) tiempo final
(2024-08) Chasi Oyasa, Xiomara Monserrath; Leiva Mora, Michel
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (R4T) is a pathogen that specifically affects Musaceae. This phytopathogenic agent causes the most devastating diseases of these crops worldwide. Attacking several cultivars belonging to the Cavendish subgroup (AAA), they are seriously affected by race 4, which currently represents the majority of world production and export. The objective of this research was to “Develop detection techniques for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (R4T) using three pairs of primer through end-time (PCR). To comply with this, the biomass is lyophilized, the DNA was extracted with the use of buffers (Buffer A NaOH + Tween 20 and Buffer B Tris HCl + EDTA). It was subsequently centrifuged and cleaned with absolute ethanol, and stored at -20°C. For amplification using conventional PCR, different programs were established according to the primer sets used. 4 µl of the Mastermix solution was used for each reaction, sets of primers (Forward-reverse), ultrapure water, to complete a final reaction volume of 54 µl. For visualization of the gels, 1.5% agarose was used with the following sets of primer W2987-F; W2987-R and FocTR4-F; FocTR4-R and 1% agarose with the primer EF1 and EF2 and the 1X TAE running buffer, using 2 µl of the SYBR safe intercalating agent to be able to observe the Invitrogen DNA bands. Finally, molecular markers (Tracklt TM 50bp and 100 bp Invitrogen) were used to determine the size of the bands. The results were the presence of a DNA band with the first W2987-F; W2987-R and FocTR4-F; FocTR4-R, the molecular weight marker (Tracklt TM 50bp Invitrogen) was used at 1.5% agarose, at a hybridization temperature (annealing) of 60 °C, bands of approximately 452 and 463 were visualized, with the primer EF1 and EF2. R the molecular marker (Tracklt TM 100bp Invitrogen) was used in 1% agarose, at a hybridization temperature (annealing) of 60 °C a band of approximately 700bp was visualized.
Determinación de la producción en diferentes densidades de plantación de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Avenger) con aplicación de riego por goteo
(2023-03) Villacis Yacelga, Kevin Geovanny; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto Cristóbal
The present study on the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Avenger) based on different planting densities through the application of drip irrigation, was carried out in the Izamba canton belonging to the province of Tungurahua, with the purpose of determining the best production yield of the densities used, which were 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m between plant and row. An experimental design with completely randomized blocks with three treatments and their corresponding three replications was used. The data obtained were analyzed using Tukey's test at 5%, where the following results were obtained for the following variables: plant height, diameter of the boll (30, 60 days and harvest), weight of the boll and yield. The data of the variables recorded were the fundamental key to perform a statistical analysis, where it was possible to conclude that the treatment that resulted with a considerable height during the harvest process is A2 with a mean of 35.03 cm, it is worth mentioning that the diameter of the pellet was not formed at 30 days so, at 60 days and in the harvest process the best was A3 with means of 2.89 and 22.76 cm respectively. However, in the weight of the pellet, the A3 treatment has a mean of 1399 g and the A2 with 4058.83g. Finally, regarding the production yield the best treatment was A2 with 4058.83 g/m2, where the water consumption per square meter was 169.38 L/m2, while the 169.38 L/m2, while the A3 treatment had a production of 3469.53 g/m2 and a water consumption 107.6 L/m2.
Determinación de los requerimientos hídricos del cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Avenger) bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas del cantón Cevallos, Provincia de Tungurahua
(2025-02) Lopez Moya Jennifer Estefania; Peña Murillo Robinson Fabricio
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Var. Avenger is a vegetable of great importance in Ecuador, specifically in the provinces of Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. This research had as its central axis the determination of the crop's water requirement; soil water parameters; biometric parameters of the plant and its cultivation coefficient (Kc). The research was carried out at the Querochaca Experimental Farm, Technical University of Ambato; located in the canton of Cevallos, Province of Tungurahua. An area of 389 m2 was selected which was delimited for two treatments, each treatment had 3 experimental plots of 60 m2 with 10 sample plants. The results obtained were as follows: water requirement during the entire crop was 218 mm for Treatment 1 and 252.5 mm for Treatment 2. The soil water parameters yielded a field capacity (CC) of 15.1%, permanent wilt point (PMP) of 7.28% and bulk density (DA) of 1.55 g cm-3. The biometric parameters in Treatment 1 (Penman-Monteith method) obtained an average final height of 55.96 cm, with an average of 13 leaves, a yield of 11.48 t ha-1, a root volume of 58.66 cm3; for Treatment 2 (evaporimeter tank method) the final average height of 68 cm, with an average of 15 leaves, a yield of 24.75 t ha-1 and a root volume of 82 cm3. The culture coefficient (Kc) for Treatment 1 was 0.73 in the initial stage, 1.02 in the development stage, 0.43 in the intermediate stage and 0.11 in the final stage; for Treatment 2 it was 0.58 in the initial stage, 1.06 in the development stage, 0.56 in the intermediate stage and 0.32 in the final stage. Keywords: broccoli Var. Avenger, water requirement, biometric parameters, culture coefficient, evaporimeter tank, Penman-Monteith
Determinación del efecto de agrozoil sobre la incidencia de necrosis radical de fresa Fragaria x ananassa (Duch) variedad monterrey
(2023-03) Días Panimboza, Damaris Pamela; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
The strawberry crop Fragaria x ananassa (Duch) is considered of great economic importance at national and international level, so its production among farmers of this crop has become its main source of economic income, one of the main problems that occur in its production are the bad practices and agricultural actions that occur in an irrelevant way among farmers, which leads to generate economic losses and production of the farmer. Following this problem, certain organic prevention methods have been implemented which seek to maintain disease control to improve the quality of the product, so this study evaluates the effectiveness of the product called "Agrozoil" whose composition is associated with vegetable oils with an amount of ozone in the production of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in which 3 different doses were applied (5; 7 and 10 cc / L). Subsequently, the number of diseased plants and the number of plants planted 20, 40 and 60 days after the application of Agrozoil were identified. The main results were: at 40 days, treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days, 7 cc/l) with 15.75% of disease incidence was the lowest of all, also in the leaf area the highest value of 36.44 grams was at 40 days in treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days, 7 cc/l), as for the length of the root system the highest was 12.45 cm, at 60 days with treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days, 7 cc/l), with reference to the fresh mass of the root the highest was 45. 82 grams on day 60 in treatment 1 F1D1 (10 days, 10cc/l), on the other hand, in the number of flowers the highest was 4 units in treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days, 7cc/l), so also the highest yield was 17133. 33 kilograms per hectare in treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days, 7cc/l), in addition, the size of the fruits was counted, which were separated in the category extra fruits > 51mm, of this result, the highest obtained was 1.73 averages, in treatment 4 F2D1 (15 days 10cc/l)). With reference to the first category, fruits between 31-50 mm, the highest mean was 2.89, located in treatment 2 F1D2 (10 days 7cc/l), and finally in the second category, fruits between 20-30 mm, the highest was 2.85 means, treatment 4 F2D1 (15 days, 10cc/l). With these results it is recommended to implement the use of Agrozoil in strawberry cultivation, because it is an organic product that provides nutrients to obtain a less polluting crop, besides helping to keep the root of this fruit vitalized and free of diseases (root necrosis)
Determinación del tiempo de duración de las fases fenológicas del cultivo de col (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. blanca)
(2022-09) Carrillo López, Madeleine Beatríz; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto Cristóbal
The present research work was carried out with the purpose of determining the crop cycle of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) var. white, the research was conducted at Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the canton of Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographical coordinates are 01° 22'00" South and 78° 35' 00" West, with an altitude of 2 865 metres above sea level. The research is of an experimental, bibliographic and descriptive nature and therefore does not contain a hypothesis or treatments. The data were taken quantitatively and qualitatively, counting the days of duration of each phenological stage according to the parameters established in appendices by the FAO. This study provides information that helps to optimise the technical management of the cabbage crop, providing information on the duration of each phenological stage, crop coefficient and root depth in order to establish the crop's evapotranspiration, irrigation sheets, frequency and irrigation calendar. As a result, it was obtained that the cabbage cycle is 126 days, concluding that the duration of the first stage or initial stage was (30 days), the second stage or commercial maturity stage (96 days), at which time the crop is harvested. The crop coefficient (Kc) was obtained from the different phenological stages of the crop: Kc of the initial stage 0.70, Kc, of the commercial maturity stage between 0.70 and 1.05. As for the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of cabbage, taking into account the meteorological characteristics of the Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca, a total of 230.06 mm/cycle was obtained
Diagnóstico de la situación actual sobre el manejo de plaguicidas en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en las comunidades de Shaushi y Puñachizag
(2024-02) Villacis Velastegui, Jessica Joselyn; Velástegui Espin, Giovanny Patricio
This study addresses the issue of the indiscriminate use of pesticides in potato cultivation and emphasizes its significance for food security. The research is based on the persistent soil contamination and health concerns of farmers due to excessive exposure to chemicals that are hazardous to both humans and the environment. The methodology employed in this investigation involved conducting surveys with 100 farmers in the communities of Shaushi and Puñachizag. The selection of farmers took into account diversity in terms of age, experience in potato cultivation, and pesticide management. The study explored socio-economic variables, agricultural decision-making, sources of information and marketing, pest-related issues, pesticide usage, and associated risks, alternative control methods, training, and institutional support. Farmers encounter challenges such as pest presence, climate change, and price instability of their products, all of which test the financial capacity of producers to acquire pesticides and biosecurity equipment. This analysis underscores the urgency of implementing policies that promote responsible pesticide use and stresses the importance of providing farmers with access to technical information. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to adopt sustainable alternatives to pesticide use and advocate for safer practices, allowing farmers to acquire a broader understanding of the subject, ultimately leading to a reduction in health problems and pollution associated with pesticide use
Diagnóstico de la situación agrícola actual de las parroquias rurales de Bellavista y Santa Rosa en la Isla Santa Cruz, provincia de Galápagos
(2024-02) López Paredes, Álvaro Ronaldo; Valle Velastegui, Edgar Luciano
Research concerning the current agricultural situation of farmers in rural areas of Santa Cruz Island is scarce and with little focus on the events that the inhabitants of the Galapagos Islands are experiencing with respect to sovereignty. The objective of this research is to diagnose the current agricultural situation in the rural parishes of Bellavista and Santa Rosa on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Province. For the analysis, 400 surveys were conducted with farmers in rural areas, 300 in the Bellavista parish and 100 in the Santa Rosa parish. All surveys were tabulated and information was collected on parameters such as functions performed within the farm, level of schooling, time dedicated to agriculture, total number of workers, origin of fresh water, water storage methods, phytosanitary applications, crop rotation, sales locations, pest and disease control methods, crop fertilization methods, and technical support from public and private entities, as well as a list of the most representative crops per area surveyed. Data from 400 farmers surveyed were recorded, it was determined that in Santa Rosa parish there are four crops of high economic importance and preference by farmers in this area, being banana, banana, cassava, and citrus the most important crops in this area, while in the parish Bell Key words: Diagnosis, Agricultural situation, Santa Cruz Island, Bellavista, Santa Rosa
Diagnóstico del nivel de conocimiento de los productores de especies frutales sobre las alternativas convencionales para el manejo de plagas agrícolas en el cantón Patate
(2023-03) Barrera Punguil, Bryan Steven; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
The continuous crop production is frequently threatened by the presence of pests that can cause severe damage to agriculture with important economic consequences. Thus, the use of pest management tactics that are respectful of the environment and the health of both the farmer and the consumer is required. In this sense, in the present investigation a diagnosis was made on the level of knowledge of the producers of fruit species about the conventional alternatives for the management of agricultural pests in canton Patate. This research was carried out under a non-experimental, cross section through the application of a structured survey. Most of the farmers consider that there is not a high risk of the use of pesticides on the health of the people involved directly or indirectly with the agricultural production process. In the same way, most farmers do not perceive the risk of pesticides on the quality of environmental elements and natural enemies, health of domestic animals and wildlife. Concomitantly with the previous findings, it was found that most of the interviewees (71%) did not know and/or used other pest management practices other than chemical control during their last crop. Of the 26% that did apply an alternative method of pest management, they mainly used cultural practices, biological control, and the use of pheromone traps. The low level of knowledge that farmers have about alternative pest management strategies requires the implementation of training plans to show the benefits of biological control and other methods by demonstrating the proper use of these techniques.
Diseño de un modelo de Inteligencia artificial en la detección de Colletotrichum. spp y Oídium . spp en el cultivo de taxo (Passiflora mollisima B.H.K
(2025-02) Aguilar Salan Edison David; Munóz Espinosa Manolo Sebastián
In this work, an Artificial Intelligence model based on the YOLOv11 architecture was developed for the segmentation and detection of three relevant classes in taxum (Passiflora mollisima B.H.K) culture: Colletotrichum spp., Oidium spp. and healthy leaves, in addition to the background class. A total of 1054 tagged images were used, of which 37 were used for testing and 40 for validation. The training took place over 60 eras. The results showed moderate precision (0.4994), recall (0.46815) and mAP@50 (0.38459) values, reflecting that the model manages to correctly identify about half of the positive instances, but presents confusions between classes with similar visual characteristics (in particular, healthy leaves and the background category). The confounding matrix corroborates these findings, evidencing the need to increase the diversity and quantity of training data, as well as to refine the model's hyperparameters to improve class discrimination. Despite the limitations, progressive decreases in loss curves during training and validation indicate a stable learning process. It is concluded that the model can perform a segmentation and initial detection of fungal diseases and healthy leaves, offering a valuable starting point for future improvements that contribute to a more efficient precision agriculture in taxo cultivation.
Efecto de glucosinolatos sobre la inhibición del crecimiento micelial de Phytophthora infestans de Bary in vitro.
(2024-02) Vasconez Saltos, Blas Plutarco; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
This research was conducted in the laboratories of Plant Health and the bio-inputs laboratory at the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos Canton on the Quero road at a distance of 20 km from the city of Ambato, at an altitude of 2850 meters above sea level. The objective was to evaluate the effect of glucosinolates on the inhibition of the mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans De Bary in vitro. Two species were used in this research: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% of each glucosinolate extract. Data were collected over 9 days, equivalent to 216 hours, at 24-hour intervals. To measure the mycelial growth, two lines were drawn in the Petri dish passing through the center of the microorganism's growth halo. Statistical analysis was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and one control, with three replications. The statistical package INFOSTAT was used, and Tukey's significance tests at 5% were applied to variables showing statistical differences. The treatment E2C3, corresponding to Brussels sprouts glucosinolate at 30%, reported better results for the mycelial growth and inhibition percentage with averages of 12.33 mm and 81.19%, respectively. In contrast, the control showed a mycelial growth of 65.55 mm and an inhibition percentage of 0%. According to the results obtained in the research, the use of Brussels sprouts glucosinolates is an alternative for the biological control of P. infestans. KEYWORDS: Mycelial growth, glucosinolates, inhibition, percentage