Tesis Agronomía

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Evaluación de la aplicación de extracto de algas marinas (Ascophyllum nodosum) y ácidos húmicos en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica)
(2022-09) Toapanta Chicaiza, Jhony Fernando; Valle Velastegui, Edgar Luciano
The present research work was carried out on the property of Mrs. Gloria Chicaiza, located in the Quinta Niña María neighbourhood, belonging to the parish of La Matriz in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua. The objective of the research was to determine the type of organic fertilizer and the appropriate dose that would increase broccoli crop yields. The study factors used were: seaweed extract (F1) and humic acids (F2) at a concentration of D1 (1 g/L), D2 (1.5 g/L) and D3 (2 g/L), with a frequency of application of 15 and 30 days after transplanting for each treatment. The experimental design used was a split plot design, with the main plot being the organic fertilizers and the subplots the doses structured in randomized blocks with a total of 6 treatments with 3 replications. In addition, an analysis of variance (ADEVA) was used to determine differences between treatments, Tukey's test and the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% with which the means of the treatments were compared. Based on the statistical analyses carried out, it was determined that the treatment with the best results was the organic fertilizer based on humic acids F2 at a concentration of D3 of 2 g/L, which registered average values of 4.64 cm in stem diameter, 12.58 cm in the diameter of the pellet, 0.36 kg in the weight of the pellet and 13342, 66 Kg/ha of crop yield, however in the plant height variable there are no significant differences, so the highest results are shared by the F1D3 treatment (seaweed extract with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average of 82.79 cm and the F2D3 treatment (humic acids with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average value of 82.10 cm.
Evaluación de fungicidas para el control de oidio (Oidium sp.) en mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) utilizando el método de termonebulización en Pelileo
(2022-09) Ati Tamayo, Juan David; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) are currently being affected by a very harmful fungus, known as cenicille, oidio, or powdery mildew (Oidium sp). This fungus, has caused great losses to farmers, especially in the flower production, and therefor in the number of fruits, and the reduction in the photosinthetic area. Whose symptoms are reflected in growth retardation, yellowing plants with coiled shoots, especially in young leaves, in addition to dammage its quality due to a deficiency in fruit setting and filling. This research is based on the control of this pathogen with two fungicides el Topas (Penconazole 25%EC) and Novak (Metil tiofanato 50%SC) with doses of 0,5 y 1 cc/ l, using the thermo-fogging method on the control of Oidium sp. in blackberry (R. glaucus Benth) crops. Operates on a randomized complete block split plot design with a 22 + 1 factorial arrangement with three replications, adding a total of 15 experimental units. The variables evaluated are: incidence and severity of oidium sp on the leaves of production branches. Statistically, it is determined that the product with the best control is Topas (Penconazole 25% EC) at dose of 1cc/l, in this research they present lower values in incidence and severity. The thermal fogging application method is highly effective for the control of Oidium sp, it increase considerably the effectiveness and efficiency the active ingredient of the fungicide, by evenly spreading the product in micro drops that achieve greater coverage
Evaluación de yodo agrícola como biofortificante en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(2022-09) Garcés Montero, Carmen Marisol; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
Crop biofortification is an alternative to improve production and the food chain for humans because food is ingested and mineralized elements come from fruits, vegetables, as well as products from animals. In this way, by increasing the mineral value of iodine from a conventional crop, it is a significant option to solve the deficient intake of iodine that causes disorders such as TDI and thyroid disorders. The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a fruit consumed nationally and produced in the Sierra region, which is why in this investigation the application of 0.5 L in drench and foliar approximately with three different doses of agricultural iodine was evaluated. Three applications were made with intervals of 14 days and the results were obtained after 51 days. The average value of 4,372 inflorescences per plant was significant when applying a dose of 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench, likewise, in foliar application and drench with the same dose, the continuous weight increase of the fruits with values of 1199 and 1095 g respectively. The postharvest of the fruits was evaluated in days, the drench treatments at doses of 2 and 3 cm³/L obtained superior results with an average of 3.33 days. The Brix index was evaluated, but the results showed that agricultural iodine does not produce a change. On the other hand, the content of chlorophyll in the blackberry leaves was significantly positive with a difference of 1,676 µg/g when applying 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench between the treatment and the control. And finally, diseases such as Botrytis and Oidio sp. They commonly affect this crop by reducing its production. When applying agricultural iodine, the lowest percentage of infection was in Botrytis
Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)
(2022-09) Guangatal Tipanguano, Cesar Elias; Pallo Paredes, Edwin Leonardo
The research work was carried out under conditions of plastic cover, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of the litter substrate or soil of leaves with the mixtures of organic matter from different sources (humus and compost) for the growth of broccoli seedlings (Brassica oleracea italic variety). The methodology used was four treatments (peat, litter substrate, mixtures with humus and compost) in a complete random design (DCA), the variables evaluated were: percentage of germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves , length and root volume, costs per treatment, in the results obtained it was considered that: peat (commercial substrate) is inferior to the rest of the substrates used in the trial because it presents low results in plant height with 11.07 cm, length and volume radicular, number of leaves and stem diameter with 2.18 mm at 30 days after planting, except for germination, which presented an optimal germination of 99.38%; meanwhile, the organic substrates such as the litter substrate and its mixtures with humus and compost appeared the best results with 99.40% in germination, 11.60 cm in plant height, stem diameter with 3.26 mm . Taking into account the performance of the plants in the different agronomic variables evaluated and the financial analysis carried out, the substrates T1, T2 and T3 offer the best results for the production of broccoli seedlings at the greenhouse level. In the case of cost of production per seedling in the treatments there is an acceptable margin of profitability, especially in litter substrates with the addition of organic supplements, because they generate $1.64 while peat presents $1.59 considering that the broccoli seedling production activity it is economically viable
Efecto del uso de un coadyuvante en la efectividad del extracto etanólico de ajo para el control de oligonychus yothersi (Mcgregor) (Acari: tetranychidae)
(2022-09) Tiana Erazo, Álvaro Mauricio; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
Tetranychidae includes pest species that can inflict economic damage to crops of economic importance worldwide, so they often require control measures. Given its importance, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of more environmentally friendly control methods, such as the use of biopesticide products. In the present study, the effect of the use of an adjuvant on the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of garlic for the control of Oligonychus yothersi was evaluated. The acaricidal activity of the garlic extract was evaluated by the residual contact technique using leaf disks immersed in each of the extract concentrations for 20 s. The use of adjuvant caused a higher mortality rate at 24 h after application, reaching 37.5%, while in the treatments where no adjuvant was used, it reached 30.0%. At 48 hours after application, the mortality rates during these periods were 23.33 and 25.42% with and without adjuvant, respectively, and at 72 hours, rates of 16.67 and 12.92%, respectively, were reached. However, when analyzing the effect on cumulative mortality after 72 h of application, what was observed at 24 h was verified, where the cumulative rate reached 77.50 in the extract with adjuvant and 68.33% when the extract was used. only. Additionally, the garlic extract with adjuvant caused the greatest reduction in oviposition at the highest concentrations (8 and 16% of the extract) with a reduction of 70.80 and 7.03% compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, the observed reductions in oviposition when garlic extract was used alone were smaller, since, with the highest doses, the percentage reduction was 55.3 and 59.6%, respectively. Finally, the greatest reduction in longevity was observed with doses of 4 to 16% of the extract, regardless of whether it was applied with or without adjuvant. The intermediate doses (1 and 2%) were able to cause a reduction in longevity between 27.3 and 35% in relation to the control treatment. The garlic extract showed to have a positive effect in the control of O. yothersi, for which it could be included in pest management plans
Evaluación del efecto estimulante del aceite ozonificado (AGROZOIL), en el cultivo de girasol (Helianthus annuus), híbrido sunbright en la parroquia Juan Montalvo
(2022-09) Guevara Izurieta, Bryan Alexander; León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
The use of ozonized oil has now become an ecological biostimulant medium that contributes to morphological growth, control of pests, diseases, inactivation of viruses, bacteria and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, when applied to any type of crop. The present research project was developed in the Juan Montalvo parish, belonging to the Ambato canton, with the purpose of evaluating the morphophysiological effects presented by the cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Sunbright hybrid, with the application of four doses of ozonated oil ( Agrozoil) at 3, 5, 7, 10 cc/l, as a foliar applied biostimulant, the study factors that were evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, inflorescence diameter, number of petals, crop cycle, leaf area and dry mass. A completely randomized block design with five treatments and four repetitions was drawn, the application of the product was carried out every 15 days, making four applications. Obtaining as a result that the dose (D4) at 10 cc/l of ozonized oil, influenced the morphological growth of stem diameter with an average greater than 1.46 cm, number of leaves with an average of 13 and 14 leaves, mass dry root with a fresh weight of 29.2 g, stem with a weight of 223.8 g, and inflorescence reaching a weight of 30.58 g, compared to the other doses evaluated, on the other hand the dose (D3 ) at 7 cc/l of ozonated oil, influenced the variables plant height with a stem length of 115.45 cm, diameter of the inflorescence 13.6 cm, leaf area with an average greater than 84.18 cm2 and cycle of the culture reaching a cut-off point at 61 days compared to the other doses.
Evaluación de una especie de fitoseido (Acari: phytoseiidae) para el control de Tetranychus urticae (Acari: tetranychidae) en rosa spp
(2022-09) Pico Martínez, Christian Alexander; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
The two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most important phytophagous mites in agriculture due it is able to feed on a large number of plant species, its wide geographical distribution and the number of cases of resistance to different acaricidal products. In view of its importance, numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate alternative methods of control, such as biological control. In this research, the effect of the prey density (Tetranychus urticae) on the consumption and reproduction rates of Typhlodromalus sp. was evaluated in laboratory conditions. Regarding the predation rate, an increase in consumption was observed as the prey density increased, reaching a maximum of 11.2 eggs and 5.2 individuals/predator, respectively. Similarly, a positive effect of increasing prey density on the reproductive rate Typhlodromus sp. female, measured as the number of eggs laid per female per day, was observed. According to the results, it is possible to conclude that Typhlodromus sp. shows biological attributes that would allow it to increase its population levels accordingly increases in the pest population, which is a desirable characteristic of natural enemies to be included in integrated pest management programs.
Determinación del tiempo de duración de las fases fenológicas del cultivo de col (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. blanca)
(2022-09) Carrillo López, Madeleine Beatríz; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto Cristóbal
The present research work was carried out with the purpose of determining the crop cycle of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) var. white, the research was conducted at Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the canton of Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographical coordinates are 01° 22'00" South and 78° 35' 00" West, with an altitude of 2 865 metres above sea level. The research is of an experimental, bibliographic and descriptive nature and therefore does not contain a hypothesis or treatments. The data were taken quantitatively and qualitatively, counting the days of duration of each phenological stage according to the parameters established in appendices by the FAO. This study provides information that helps to optimise the technical management of the cabbage crop, providing information on the duration of each phenological stage, crop coefficient and root depth in order to establish the crop's evapotranspiration, irrigation sheets, frequency and irrigation calendar. As a result, it was obtained that the cabbage cycle is 126 days, concluding that the duration of the first stage or initial stage was (30 days), the second stage or commercial maturity stage (96 days), at which time the crop is harvested. The crop coefficient (Kc) was obtained from the different phenological stages of the crop: Kc of the initial stage 0.70, Kc, of the commercial maturity stage between 0.70 and 1.05. As for the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of cabbage, taking into account the meteorological characteristics of the Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca, a total of 230.06 mm/cycle was obtained
Evaluación del prendimiento de dos variedades de ucurbitáceas en tres portainjertos para producir plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.).
(2022-09) Benítez Solís, Elizabeth Del Rocío; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
Vegetables are of great economic interest due to their high production and market demand; such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has therefore generated an excessive use of agrochemicals that enhance production and reduce pathogens, however, these alternatives drastically affect the environment and human health; Thus, grafting in vegetables is a clean alternative to integrate into production systems. The following research aimed to evaluate three types of rootstock Sambo (Cucurbita ficifolia), Zapallo Castellano (Cucurbita maxima), Commercial pattern (Kickoff) in two varieties cucumber (Cusumis sativus var. Mydas) and (Cusumis sativus var. Lisboa). The experiment was carried out with a 3x2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design and three replications for each treatment. Variables such as graft diameter, graft length, number of leaves per graft, percentage of grafting were evaluated, the data were subjected to an analysis of variance and were examined using Tukey's significance tests at 1% using the Infostat statistical program. Regarding the variable of taking of the grafts, there were no statistical differences, all the treatments were higher than 95%, the rootstocks P1 (Sambo) and P2 (Zapallo Castellano) were the ones with the highest number of leaves per graft with means of 2.61 and 2.33 leaves per graft, in terms of graft diameter, the treatment that was superior is T2 (P1V2) describes the Sambo pattern factors with Lisbon stem with an average of 0.29 cm and for the graft length variable the P1 pattern (Sambo ) and P3 (Kickoff) were grouped in range A, being the longest with 4.19 and 3.94 cm, respectively
Evaluación de sustratos con la adición de ácidos húmicos para la producción de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) var. pietro
(2022-09) Yucailla Masabanda, Luis Alberto; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
With the continuous use of commonly used substrates, the low germination rate of seeds and low-quality seedlings has become present, therefore, these seedlings will not be available for sale, affecting the producers of this sector. In this experiment, six treatments and two controls were evaluated, the treatments consisted of organic substrates (peat and coconut fiber) plus the incorporation of humic acid in three different doses (2%, 4% and 6%), proportions that adjust to 100% of the total volume of the substrate, the two controls were composed entirely of peat and coconut fiber, respectively. An experimental design of completely randomized blocks (DBCA) was used, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates plus 2 controls. An analysis of variance (ANAVAR) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were applied for the comparison between treatments, and comparison between peat substrate and coconut fiber substrate. The treatment prepared with 98% peat + 2% humic acid showed the best results in the variables analyzed. For plant height at 35 days reached 7.57 cm, the stem diameter was greater among all treatments, as in the one reported at 35 days (2.13 mm). Likewise, the root volume of the seedlings of this treatment obtained a more significant result (2.24 cc), also standing out in the development of leaf area (12.21 cm2). Similarly, the cost of production per treatment and per seedling was 0.12 US cents, a value shared by all treatments. This cost was directly influenced by the number of seedlings obtained, which in turn is related to the germination percentage of each treatment.
Evaluación del yodo y ácido salicilico en la biofortificación en plantulas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum var. coach).
(2022-09) Rosales Duran, Jhonny Sthiv; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The biofortification carried out on bell pepper plants in full development caused a series of positive factors in growth and metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of using iodine and salicylic acid by drench irrigation and to generate a biofortifying effect on the development of bell pepper (Capsicum annum var. coach) seedlings. The hypothesis was that at least one of the treatments of agricultural iodine and salicylic acid will have a biofortifying effect on bell pepper seedlings. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with three replicates of ten plants per treatment (six treatments and one control). The dosages were D1 (0.5 cm3/L), D2 (1 cm3/L), D3 (1.5 cm3/L) and the products were P1 (agricultural iodine) and P2 (salicylic acid). Data were analyzed by Tukey test (p≤0.05) for comparison of averages. The applications made of both products were five, once every eight days for forty days. In the last sampling, five plants per treatment were collected and measurements of root volume, root length, plant height, number of leaves and stem thickness were taken. The data collected were entered into the Excel program and the means per variable were extracted. The results obtained showed significant and non-significant differences in each variable studied. Root volume did not show a statistical difference, but the P2D2 treatment (salicylic acid + 1 cm3/L) showed a greater acceptance by the seedlings, and also showed numerical differences compared to the rest of the treatments. In the variables stem length, number of leaves, plant height and stem thickness, the P2D3 treatment (salicylic acid + 1.5 cm3/L) predominated over the rest of the nutrition methods as the best dosage for biofortification in bell pepper seedlings, showing greater qualities in the plant morphology of the plants
Adaptación de diez genotipos de zanahoria (Daucus carota) para zonas de altura en Quero - Tungurahua
(2022-09) Pallo Martínez, Klever Daniel; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
The importance of carrot cultivation (Daucus carota) at the national level is part of the food group with the most benefits for human beings, it is consumed directly or made into drinks, the value of this root lies in its nutritional importance; the adaptability of more carrot genotypes emerges as an alternative for use, new market options, increasing income levels for the producer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of ten carrot genotypes (Daucus carota) together with two controls, for high altitude areas in Quero-Tungurahua, estimating their adaptation and agronomic behavior, as well as determining the yield per treatment studied. The trial was carried out in the Jaloa El Rosario community of the Quero canton, province of Tungurahua. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) it is located at an altitude of 3,320 meters above sea level with its geographic coordinates of 1°25'41" South latitude and 78°34'44" West latitude. A DBCA randomized block design was used, with ten treatments, two controls and three replications. The data obtained from the trial were analyzed using the Infostat statistical package, applying an ADEVA, a 5% Tukey test was used for significant values, the results obtained show that T4 (Chantenay EMC559), presented the best characteristics, agronomic and of yield, being an alternative for the locality, the opposite happened with the T10 that was not adapted to the conditions of the study locality, concluding that the Genotype T4 (Chantenay EMC559) is an alternative for the small and large producers of the highlands.of Quero.
Respuesta funcional de una especie de fitoseido (Acari: phytoseiidae) sobre diferentes densidades de Tetranychus urticae (Acari: tetranychidae) como base para un programa de control biológico
(2022-09) Machado Freire, Ericka Belén; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
Tetranychus urticae Koch is considered one of the most widely distributed phytophagous mites worldwide and is also the most polyphagous species of Tetranychidae, with the largest number of cases of resistance to a wide number of pesticide molecules have been recorded. Given its importance, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of more environmentally friendly control methods, such as biological control. In the present study, the functional response of a phytoseiid species on different densities of Tetranychus urticae was evaluated as a basis for a biological control program. The functional response of Typhlodromalus sp. on different T. urticae egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 eggs/predator female) and mobile phases, larvae and nymphs (2, 4, 8 and 16 mobile phases/predator female) was studied in separate bioassays under laboratory conditions. The consumption rate of eggs and mobile phases followed a functional response of quadratic type, which was evidenced by a regression coefficient of 97.27% for eggs and 98.8% for mobile phases. Consumption rate ranged from 2.8 eggs/female at the density of 5 eggs offered and increased to 11.2 eggs/female at the highest density of eggs offered (40 eggs/arena). Likewise, the consumption rate of mobile phases increased from 1.6 to 5.2 individuals/female of the predator. Finally, values of Th= 0.0492 h and a= 1.7064 h-1 were obtained for the eggs and Th= 0.2125 h and a= 0.8262 h-1 for the mobile phases (larvae and protonymphs). Based on the results, the predator, Typhlodromalus sp. showed a high consumption capacity with low handling times and high attack rates, which suggests that this species could be included in integrated management programs, which include biological control of T. urticae in rose plantations.
Evaluación de extractos vegetales para el enraizamiento de Arrayán (Luma apiculata) y Álamo (Populus alba) mediante propagación por estacas
(2022-09) Tinta Quispilema, Karen Estefanía; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
The research was carried out in Querochaca Experimental Farm, Agricultural sciences Faculty, Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose: evaluate plant extracts for the rooting of myrtle (Luma apiculata) and poplar (Populus alba) in the propagation by cuttings because the vegetative propagation in species of native Myrtaceae and Salicaceae are scarce, mainly in the application of plant extracts of aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water as natural rooting under plastic cover. The treatments in the study were eight that resulted from thecombination of the factors under study, two species of cuttings and four plant extracts (aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water) plus a hormonal control for each species, where obtained that the rooting of cuttings in the myrtle species was 0%. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used with a 2x4+2 factorial arrangement with three repetitions and Tukey's test was perform5%. Through the analysis of variance carried out in the poplar species, no statistically significant differences were recorded for the variables percentage of rooted cuttings, root length and height of the plant at 60 days, similar results were obtained for the variable number of shoots at 30, 45 and 60 days, that is, the evaluated plant extracts are statistically similar to the treatment where hormonagro was applied; on the other hand, the variables number of roots and root volume did show significant differences at 60 days, with the control poplar showing the highest average with 4.67 and 1.27 cm3, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the variable shoot length where three ranges of statistical differences were recorded, with the poplar control showing the longest shoot length with an average of 10.97 cm. The results indicate that the application of plant extracts as rooting agents is a natural alternative to the commercial hormone for propagation by cuttings in the poplar species.
Evaluación de dos soluciones de hidratación en rosas de exportación (Rosa sp) variedad mondial
(2023-03) Cepeda Herrera, Erika Michelle; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
In the present investigation we evaluated two moisturizers in three different doses, with a reuse of the solution of up to five days, using the moisturizer Hiflor 2 and Chrysal RVB, with the doses 0.75ml/lt, 1ml/lt and 1.25ml/lt, the The general objective of the research was: Evaluate two moisturizers in cut roses at the company Amankay Farms and the specific objectives were: Define the dose of moisturizers in export roses, in the Mondial variety. Determine the cooldown time of moisturizing solutions. Determine the duration time of the Mondial variety in a vase. With the variables response of pH of water, days of appearance of colonies of bacteria in the hydration solution, life in a vase where data was taken on day 3, 4 and 5 of the reuse of the solution, giving as a result that the hydration is more effective with the highest dosage, hiflor2 at 1.25ml/lt was the best treatment that preserved the pH, while Chrysal RVB 1.25ml/lt was the second effective treatment since the pH varied a little, but it is preserved within From the recommended pH parameter, in terms of the appearance of bacterial colonies, the two aforementioned treatments were optimal as they presented fewer bacteria on day three, while an increase in bacteria was noted as the days passed, and in what represents vase life, the treatment that lasted the longest days was Hiflor2, followed by Chrysal RVB in the highest doses according to the trial.
Validación de métodos de desinfección de tubérculo-semilla de papa (Solanum tuberosum var. Superchola) en Tungurahua-Ecuador
(2023-03) Tuasa Choco, Ángel Paul; Pallo Paredes, Edwin Leonardo
The aim of this study was to evaluate different ways of disinfection of potato tuberseed (Solanum tuberosum var. Superchola) in the towns of Montalvo and Tamboloma in the Tungurahua-Ecuador province. In this investigation, two forms of disinfection (Immersion and Spray) were evaluated at different times (Start of collection and prior to sowing) compared with two controls (absolute and farmer). For this purpose, a Random Block Design (R.B.D.) was used with a 22 + 2 factorial arrangement in three repetitions using the "Amistar Top" product. The best results for the number, length and diameter of shoots were achieved with the application of T1 (immersion at the beginning of the collection). Regarding the days to sprouting and weight differences, the T0 and Ta treatments presented better results. Regarding the number of true stems, a better result was obtained after the application of T1. Finally, a greater presence of pathogens was found in the tubers without disinfection for the two locations.
Evaluación del aceite agrícola para el control del pulgón (Brevicory brassicae) en la col morada (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. rubra)
(2023-03) Enríquez Cevallos, Ericka Lisseth; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
Aphids represent a serious threat to the production of different species of the Brassicaceae group worldwide, including the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, which can cause significant economic losses. Therefore, the use of synthetic pesticides is required, which has resulted in the development of pest resistance and effects on human health and the environment, for which the use of mineral oils or agricultural oils can offer results that could be used in the control of pest insects in different crops. In this regard, in the present study the effect of agricultural oil on the control of the aphid, B. brassicae in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) was evaluated. The effect of different doses (7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 cc/l) of the agricultural oil applied at different ages of the crop (80, 90 and 100 days after transplantation) on the effectiveness in the aphid management was evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with the treatments in a factorial arrangement in which the first factor was represented by the dose of agricultural oil, the second factor the date of application. Initial population of B. brassicae varied from 122.3 to 284.5 aphids/plant, while after 10 days of application (90 days of cultivation) the population was significantly low, reaching only 88.3 aphids on plants where agricultural oil was applied at the 7.5 cc/l, while at doses 10 and 12.5 cc/l, the number of aphids reached 49.8 and 60.8 aphids/plant, respectively. After 100 days of cultivation, the population showed a slight increase, reaching between 113.6 and 172.6 aphids/plant at a dose of 7.5 and 10.0 cc/l, respectively. The greatest effectiveness was observed with the doses of 10 and 12.5 cc/l, with which the percentage of effectiveness varied from 72.16 and 78.43% with the application 80 days of the crop. Similarly, the effectiveness increased to 84.91 and 85.74 %, with the highest dose (12.5 cc/l) applied at 90 and 100 days of culture. A similar effect was observed during the second and third application of agricultural oil. According to the Probit analysis, an LD50 of 11.513 cc/l was observed with a slope for the dose-mortality curve of 4.788 ± 0.679. In conclusion, an effect of the dose was observed, but not of the moment of application of the agricultural oil on the control efficiency of the cabbage aphid, for which it is suggested to incorporate its use in a pest management program in cabbage crop.
Efecto de la planta hospedera sobre el potencial de daño de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor, 1914)
(2023-03) Punina De La Cruz, Erika Micaela; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
Mites belonging to family Tetranychidae are widely distributed worldwide, in which around 1250 species have been reported, with Oligonychus yothersi being one of the important species in agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the host plant on the damage potential of O. yothersi by studying duration of the life cycle, reproductive parameters and longevity and parameters of the life tables on peach, apple and rose leaves under laboratory conditions in the Entomology laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (21°C ± 1.14°C, 52% ± 9.28% HR). The biological cycle of O. yothersi reared on peach, apple, and rose leaves under laboratory conditions showed differences in the duration of some development stages, where the stages from egg to chrysalis were evidently shorter in peach and apple. Regarding the reproductive parameters, it was observed that the preoviposition time was shorter when the mite was reared on peach leaves, while no differences were observed on apple and rose leaves. In the case of the oviposition, postoviposition, fecundity, and longevity periods, again the maximum values were observed in peach leaves, followed by apple, and rose leaves, which shows that peach plants could offer the best characteristics for the development of O. yothersi. Finally, the parameters of the life tables also showed differences in the net reproduction rate (Ro) 39.44 in peach, mean generation time (T) (days) 18.58 in apple, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0 04 in peach, in the case of finite growth rate (λ) (1.01) there was no difference. Based on the parameters, it is suggested that peach is a potential host for O. yothersi.
Evaluación del efecto del Bioestimulante FertuMax sobre la germinación, altura y componentes de rendimiento de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Temprana en el cantón Tisaleo.
(2023-03) Guamán Tisalema, Lizbeth Gissel; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
Currently, the application of biostimulants in crops is one of the methods that allows the stimulation of seed germination, increase its development, and improve harvest efficiency. The present research work was developed in the Agua Santa neighborhood, belonging to the Tisaleo Canton, with the purpose of evaluating the Fertumax Biostimulant, based on cytokinins and seaweed Ascophyllium nodosum, Sargasum sp. and Laminaria sp. In this experiment, 3 different doses of the Biostimulant were evaluated, (1.5 cc/l; 2.5 cc/l and 3.5 cc/l) and a control without Biostimulant, the application was made to the seed and in the flowering stage. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was executed, with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions plus 1 control, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at 5% were applied. The application of D2 (FertuMax 2.5 cc/l), was the treatment that presented significant statistical differences, therefore, it positively influenced the variables of height at 30 days, number of grains per pod, weight of pods and yield in green, obtaining means of 7 cm, 6.43 grains per pod, 597 g and 0.60 kg, respectively. In the variables germination percentage, plant height at 60 and 90 days, when performing the Tukey test at 5%, it was obtained that the results are statistically equal, however, it presented numerical differences, the best treatments were with 92 .75% for treatment D2 (FertuMax2.5 cc/l) and D3 (FertuMax3.5 cc/l), 16.50 cm and 37.75 cm, respectively
Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 15 variedades mejoradas de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) liberadas por el INIAP
(2023-03) Simbaña Chiluisa, Edison Klever; Valle Velástegui, Edgar Luciano
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, with 50% of the area and 63% of the production volume concentrated in Europe, where ninety million t/ha are produced with average productivity of 4 t/ha. In Ecuador, only 24,000 t/ha is produced, with an average productivity of 0.60 t/ha and production costs of up to U$ 700 per hectare. This research work took place at the Technical University of Ambato, Agricultural Sciences’ Faculty, located in Cevallos City, Tungurahua province. Fifteen barley varieties from the Cereal Program of the Experimental Station "Santa Catalina" INIAP were used. The objective of the exploratory study was to verify the agronomic performance of 15 varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by INIAP in order to identify germplasm with superior characteristics that demonstrate precocity, disease resistance, quality, and high yield. Variables evaluated: plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield per hectare, hectoliter or specific weight, thousand-grain weight, grain type and color, and presence of diseases. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was implemented, in the sources of variation that indicated statistical significance, a Tukey test at 5% was performed, while for those that did not adjust, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was performed, with the data obtained it was determined that all treatments were adapted to the conditions of the field under study, the treatment with better adaptability to agroecological conditions was the INIAP-Dorada 71 variety and the one with the best grain yield was INIAP-Quilotoa 2003 with 8724. 44 kg/ha.