Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Determinación de zonas urbanas de riesgo a inundaciones empleando modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos en la quebrada Miraflores, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en obras Hidráulicas, 2025) Gallardo Donoso. Lidia Jhoanna; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThe present research addresses the identification of urban areas at risk of flooding in the Miraflores stream, Guano canton, Chimborazo province, using hydrological and hydraulic models. This region has experienced extreme rainfall events, such as the disaster on December 11, 2021, highlighting the need for preventive measures to mitigate future risks. The study follows a mixed approach, with a predominance of quantitative methods, and employs tools such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS to model flood scenarios. xviii Additionally, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and specialized software are integrated for geomorphological analysis and basin delineation. Meteorological data were collected from nearby stations (San Juan, Urbina, ESPOCH, and Guaslán), supplemented by data from the Guano station and satellite sources like NASA POWER. These data were processed and statistically validated using tests such as Kolmogórov-Smirnov. Subsequently, design flows for return periods of up to 50 years were estimated, and two-dimensional hydraulic simulations were performed. The results reveal that the basin's topography and deforestation in high areas exacerbate runoff, increasing flood risks in lower areas. The risk maps produced identify critical areas susceptible to flooding, and mitigation strategies are proposed, including reforestation and infrastructure improvement. This research significantly contributes to the analysis of flood risks in Guano, providing technical tools for water resource planning and management. Moreover, it establishes a robust methodological basis for future studies in similar basins, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies and advanced modeling to reduce the impact of natural disasters.Item OPTIMIZATION OF THE WELDING PROCESS FOR GRADE S-135 PIPELINE: IMPACT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNDER AWS D1.1”, SU TRADUCCIÓN EN ESPAÑOL ES: “OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE SOLDADURA PARA TUBERÍA GRADO S-135: INCIDENCIA EN PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS BAJO AWS D1.1(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Ibañez Solis Lenin Edwin; Mayacela Rojas Celia MargaritaThe demand that exist in the field of donation of used oil pipelines by oil companies to public entities in Ecuador, created the need to investigate which is the best welding process that can be adapted to the type of material, this article evaluated the mechanical behavior of the welded joint of oil pipeline S-135 under the welding code AWS D1.1 that, by means of tensile tests it was determined, which is the tensile strength of the welded joint, with different welding process such as the SMAW process (Shielded metal arc welding) and FCAW (Fluxed cored arc welding), for the welding joints of the SMAW process was used filler material such as electrodes E-7018 and E-8018, with heating and post-heating temperatures according to the equivalent carbon percentage of the material, for this the spark test was carried out and the chemical composition of the material was determined. For the FCAW welding process. The Charpy test (CVN) was carried out to determine the material’s toughness, in other words the resistance to impact energy absorption. To evaluate the welded joint, non-destructive tests such as Penetrant Ink and Ultrasound were carried out, and in this way the welded joint was evaluated in a superficial and subsurface manner. Tit was concluded that the welding process for the S-135 pipeline used is the SMAW process using E7018 filler material as root pass and filler, this process turned out to be the most efficient.Item Estudio comparativo de la deflexión de una viga de alma abierta con diferentes cuantías de acero(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Martínez Ortiz Alfredo; Cevallos Cabrera Jorge WashingtonThis study focuses on the analysis of the behavior of Joist-type open web beams with different amounts of steel, evaluating their stiffness and deflection under distributed loads. The beams, fabricated in ASTM A36 structural steel, were subjected to experimental tests and computational simulations to determine how the variation in the amount of steel influences their structural performance. The results showed that a higher amount of steel significantly reduces the deflection and increases the stiffness of the beams, which is consistent with structural design theory. The research also revealed significant variability in deflection under high loads, attributed to factors such as imperfections in fabrication, differences in material properties, and the configuration of diagonal and chord elements. These findings have important implications for the design of steel structures, suggesting that, in applications with high loads, it is advisable to use beams with a greater amount of steel to ensure lower deflection and greater safety. The study highlights the importance of more detailed analysis and testing to reduce variability and optimize the design of open web beams. The results provide a sol id basis for future research, which could include the analysis of other factors such as beam geometry, load distribution and behavior under dynamic loads, with the aim of improving the efficiency and safety of these structures in practica! applications.Item Diseño y análisis del comportamiento estructural de un edificio en la ciudad de Ambato mediante el uso de disipadores sísmicos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Sánchez José Luis; Cañizares Ortega Freddy FernandoThis research project presents a comparative analysis of the seismic performance of a special building located in Ambato, utilizing Special Moment Frames (SMF) and Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB). The main objective of the study is to evaluate the structural performance in terms of strength, capacity, stiffness, and nonlinear behavior under seismic loading. The proposed design for the steel structure incorporates BRB frames, aimed at minimizing deformations induced by seismic events. These systems utilize braces with ductile cores and replaceable assemblies, which enable efficient energy dissipation. The applied methodology is based on international standards such as AISC 360, AISC 341, NEC 15, and ASCE 41-17, covering literature review, soil analysis, load estimation, nonlinear time history analysis, and unit cost comparison. The results show that BRB systems offer superior seismic performance compared to moment-resisting frames, without involving a significant increase in implementation costs. However, it is important to note that the findings of this research are specific to the soil and loading conditions of the analyzed structure; therefore, further studies are recommended for other types of buildings and geotechnical contexts.Item Evaluación estructural de un puente en el sector Yaguana del cantón Quijos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Yambay Guano Dolores; Cañizares Ortega Freddy FernandoThe present study focused on the analysis and structural reinforcement of the bridge over the Yahuana River, which presented critical problems due to deformations, cracks and corrosion in its structure. The initial inspection revealed that the most affected girder suffered a complete torsion due to soil saturation after heavy rains, which caused deformations in the bracing and diagonals. In addition, cracks were observed in the bridge slab, causing corrosion in the reinforcement due to water infiltration. These problems were aggravated by the reduction of the minimum clearance of the bridge, compromising its safety and functionality. Analysis of both dead and live loads identified that the main girders had critical web slenderness, which made them susceptible to buckling under high loads. The maximum bending and torsional moments, as well as the vertical displacements, exceeded the regulatory limits established by AASHTO, which highlighted the need for structural strengthening. After the implementation of the strengthening, a significant improvement in the structural response of the bridge was observed. Vertical displacements were reduced by 71.16%, bending moments by 66.31% and torsional moments by 69.48%. These results confirmed that the proposed strengthening was effective in improving the stability and strength of the bridge, complying with the limits established by the AASHTO standards. The study demonstrated that the reinforcement by means of reinforcing plates in the web of type I girders is a viable solution to correct structural deficiencies in bridges with slenderness and buckling problems. In addition, it highlights the importance of performing detailed inspections and structural analysis to ensure the safety and functionality of critical infrastructure. Finally, it is recommended to implement a regular monitoring and maintenance program, as well as to improve the drainage system around the bridge to prevent future problems related to water infiltration and ground instability.Item Análisis del comportamiento mecánico del acero estructural ASTM A36 r recubierto con materiales ignífugos luego que han sido sometidos a altas temperaturas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Núñez Acosta Ivonne Alexandra; Guamanquispe Toasa PatricioIn Ecuador, ASTM A36 steel is widely used in metal structures due to its strength and ductility, although it loses mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, such as during fire exposure. While intumescent coatings are employed as passive protection, there is limited local research on their effectiveness on this type of steel, representing a critical gap in structural safety. This study followed ISO 12944 and E119-24 standards to define the requirements for thermal testing. An experimental methodology was developed, preceded by documentary and patent research to identify fireproof coatings available in the country. Three different formulations were applied to ASTM A36 steel specimens, which were then subjected to temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C for intervals of 3, 4, and 5 minutes. Metallographic, hardness, and tensile tests were conducted, and results were compared to a control sample with no coating or thermal exposure. The bestperforming coating underwent further testing at extended exposure times of 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results indicate that the most representative formulations belong to DEKORUM INQUIFESA, with the X-50 coating standing out. This formulation exhibited minimal variation in carbon content (0.26–0.29%), low Brinell hardness loss (minimum 139.5 HB), and yield strength variations ranging only from 1% to 9%. In fire simulation tests, X-50 outperformed uncoated steel, showing up to 69% improvement in tensile strength. However, after 30 minutes of continuous hightemperature exposure, the coating’s effectiveness decreased, suggesting the need for complementary active protection systems to prevent structural failure.Item Análisis de la soldabilidad de los procesos SMAW, GMAW, GTAW y FCAW, de varillas con resaltes ASTM A706 grado 60 y su repercusión en las propiedades mecánicas de la unión CJP.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Urbina Lenin André; Guamanquispe Toasa Jorge PatricioThis research evaluates the most efficient welding process for joining ASTM A706 Grade 60 deformed reinforcing bars, aiming to optimize structural integrity, construction efficiency, and joint durability in civil engineering projects. Welding is proposed as an alternative to wire-tying in bar splicing, optimizing the excessive use of steel and the associated costs. Additionally, it prevents unnecessary increases in structural sections and handling challenges in confined spaces, especially with largediameter bars. In This way, the study seeks to improve structural performance and construction feasibility in civil engineering projects. The weldability of ASTM A706 Grade 60 bars was analyzed using the SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW processes, in accordance with the AWS D1.4 code, evaluating their performance through destructive and non-destructive tests. Visual inspections and dye penetrant tests were used to detect surface discontinuities, while UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y MECÁNICA MAESTRÍA EN INGENIERÍA CIVIL CON MENCIÓN EN ESTRUCTURAS METÁLICAS THEME: “GTAW Y FCAW, OF RODS WITH HIGHLIGHTS ASTM A706 DEGREE 60 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CJP UNION”. or tying 1t destructive xXviill xxix mechanical tests such as tensile testing, macrography, and metallography analyzed the strength, ductility, and microstructure of the welded joints. The results confirmed that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW processes meet the strength and quality standards required by the AWS D1.4 code, whereas the GTAW process exhibited deficiencies in mechanical performance due to alterations microstructure, such as variations in the distribution pearlite and ferrite, as well as grain size. The cost-benefit analysis determined that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW welding processes offer greater efficiency and lower cost per welded joint, optimizing the relationship between investment and structural performance. In conclusion, the implementation of welding in deformed steel reinforcing bars represents a viable and advantageous alternative to traditional lap splice with wire ties, improving the quality and safety of structures.Item Elaboración de curvas de fragilidad al colapso del bloque 1 del edificio del parqueadero de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Mopocita Cunalata Luis Ricardo; Ramírez Cabrera Wladimir JoséEcuador is located in areas of high seismic hazard due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire. For this investigation, an estimate of the probability of exceeding a certain damage level of the Block 1 parking lot was made by developing fragility curves upon collapse using a nonlinear dynamic time history (ADNL TH) analysis and considering incremental dynamic analysis curves. This investigation followed ASCE 41-17, FEMA P 58, and NEC 2015 guidelines. Through a spectral modal analysis, noncompliance with the strong column-weak beam criterion and torsion of the building in the second vibration mode was observed. The results witnessed a high probability of structural damage to the parking lot or collapse in component 2 (NS), with maximum nonlinear drift responses that do not reach the performance level for immediate occupancy (IO) and life safety (LS) for a return period of 72 years and 475 years. In addition, a total of 218 nonlinear dynamic timehistory simulations were performed at different seismic intensity increments. This research aims to promote the use and development of fragility curves as an alternative to ensuring the safety of those who use buildings or similar structures.Item Comparación de diseños de vigas de alma abierta con conectores de corte de perfil angular y de varilla corrugada para determinar su grado de eficiencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Oña Cifuentes Cristian Jair; Cevallos Cabrera Jorge WashingtonThe purpose of this article is to compare the strength and deflections at the yield limit and maximum capacity provided by the composite system of an open-web beam with a solid slab and shear connectors using corrugated rebar and angles. The specimens were fabricated using materials from Ambato y Quito, Ecuador, including ASTM A36 steel, ASTM A615 steel, and concrete with a compressive strength of f'c = 210 kg/cm². These comparisons were based on the results obtained from a four-point bending test conducted on two six-meter-long specimens with corrugated rebar connectors and two with angle connectors. This research analyzed the efficiency of the specimens in dissipating energy in the elastic and plastic regions, their ductility, stiffness, structural behavior regarding deformations, and failure modes during the interactive load versus deflection process. The average capacity for each type of connector was determined, and comparative calculations were performed, revealing a 16% variation in the yield limit and a 6% variation in the plastic limit, concluding that the two systems differ in structural strength. The results also validate the accuracy of the calculation methodologies for the beam’s nominal moment resistance and the precision of the formulations adapted for shear connectors using rebar and angles, given that AISC and SJI do not provide a specific method for this type of connection.Item “Aplicación de disipadores de energía tipo ADAS/TADAS a una configuración estructural, ubicada en la ciudad de Pujilí, por el método del espectro capacidad”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Claudio Benites José Luis; Cañizares Ortega Freddy Fernando"APPLICATION OF ADAS/TADAS-TYPE ENERGY DISSIPATORS TO A STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION LOCATED IN THE CITY OF PUJILÍ USING THE CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD." MODALIDAD DE TITULACIÓN: Degree project with applied research and/or development components. AUTHOR: Ing. José Luis Claudio Benites DIRECTOR: Ing. Freddy Fernando Cañizares Ortega, Mg. DATE: 18 de marzo del 2025. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The growing concern for the safety and stability of structures under dynamic loads, such as earthquakes and wind, has driven the search for innovative solutions in structural engineering. In this context, ADAS/TADAS-type energy dissipators have emerged as an effective technology to mitigate vibrations and oscillations in buildings, bridges, and other infrastructures. These devices absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy generated by external forces, reducing the impact of seismic events and enhancing structural resilience. Their implementation not only increases the safety of structures but also contributes to lowering maintenance and repair costs by minimizing structural damage. Additionally, their design allows for greater comfort for occupants, especially in high-rise buildings where wind effects can cause discomfort. To evaluate the effectiveness of ADAS/TADAS dissipators, an analysis was conducted based on customized structural design criteria, considering variables such as geographic location, expected dynamic loads, and specific characteristics of each project. Numerical studies and computer simulations were carried out to assess their performance under various loading conditions. Furthermore, structures with and xv without dissipators were compared, showing significant differences in terms of displacement reduction and induced stress mitigation. The most commonly evaluated applications included skyscrapers, where these devices enhance stability against wind and seismic forces; bridges, where they help control vibration and extend service life; and industrial structures, where they protect sensitive equipment from excessive oscillations. The results showed a significant reduction in vibrations and oscillations, improving structural stability and occupant safety. However, future research may focus on optimizing materials and configurations to maximize efficiency and economic feasibility.