Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño del Plan Tarifario para la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable de Chibuleo San Francisco, parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato, basado en el análisis hidráulico técnico y económico del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-18) Muyulema Muyulema Danny Germán; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThis research was conducted at the Drinking Water Management Board of Chibuleo San Francisco, located in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Ambato canton. It arose from the need for a technically supported tariff scheme to guarantee the economic, operational, and technical sustainability of the water supply system. The general objective was to design a tariff plan based on the hydraulic, technical, and economic analysis of the system. The methodology combined field, descriptive, and analytical research through the collection of operational data, user surveys, consumption pattern analysis, infrastructure evaluation, water balance, determination of water losses, and the structuring of administrative, operational, and investment costs. The results showed an average water allowance of 83.02 L/hab/day, a maximum hourly variation coefficient of 1.96, and a daily variation coefficient of 1.31, identifying critical demand periods that condition network operations. Furthermore, a high service coverage was determined, with 95% of users receiving a permanent supply, and the need to strengthen loss control mechanisms and optimize the management of non-revenue water was identified. The economic analysis established the real costs of service provision and incorporated criteria of efficiency, solidarity, and cost recovery. The proposed tariff structure, organized by categories and consumption blocks, demonstrated financial viability, ensuring the coverage of administration, operation, maintenance, and investment costs. It was concluded that integrating the hydraulic diagnosis with the economic evaluation constitutes an effective tool to improve community drinking water management, promote the efficient use of the resource, and ensure system sustainability, while also serving as a replicable methodology for other rural supply systems.Item Diagnóstico y Formulación de un Plan Integral de Operación y Mantenimiento Preventivo de los Sistemas de Drenaje Pluvial en la Red Vial Intercantonal de la Provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-13) Sailema Díaz David Santiago; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras HidráulicasThis work presents a technical diagnosis and a comprehensive operation and preventive maintenance plan aimed at preserving the hydraulic and structural functionality of stormwater drainage systems located in seven prioritized intercantonal road sections of the province of Cotopaxi. The research focused on the Salcedo–Latacunga, Latacunga–Pujilí, Saquisilí–Poaló, Poaló–Pujilí, Saquisilí– Guaytacama, Saquisilí–Tanicuchí, and Guaytacama–Toacaso road sections, covering a total of 40.48 km. Since the information was obtained directly in the field without altering the actual conditions of the inspected elements, the research was conducted with a quantitative, applied, and non-experimental design. Photographic records, direct observation, spreadsheets for data processing, criticality matrices, and technical evaluation forms were used for this purpose. This facilitated the organization, comparison, and analysis of the operational status of culverts, ditches, and other elements related to road drainage. The results identify the most frequent deficiencies as sediment accumulation, partial or total blockages, crack formation, vegetation growth, and loss of hydraulic capacity. These conditions are related, in several cases, to the effects of water flow or its presence on the road surface, ultimately affecting both drainage function and road preservation. Based on this information, operating and maintenance percentages were established according to the type of element evaluated, in order to identify critical points and prioritize preventive and corrective actions in a more organized manner. As a result, a technical guide is presented, containing procedures, objectives, intervention frequencies, required personnel, resources, materials, equipment, units of measurement, and verification criteria. This tool aims to support institutional planning and the management of public assets, reducing premature deterioration of road infrastructure and promoting more sustainable maintenance. Furthermore, it offers practical guidance for making technical decisions, organizing periodic work schedules, and monitoring conditions that could compromise local road safety.Item Modelación hidrodinámica bidimensional para el diagnóstico espacial de la dispersión del contaminante en el río Anzu, cantón Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, provincia de Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-08-12) Aules Ojeda Lilian Lourdes; Paredes Beltrán Bolívar Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras HidráulicasHeavy metal contamination is one of the major threats to water resource quality in mining-influenced watersheds due to its persistence, mobility, and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior and spatial dispersion of lead (Pb) along a 1.78 km reach of the Anzu River to evaluate the influence of hydraulic dynamics on contaminant transport and to provide scientific information for water resource management. The study integrated hydrological modeling using HEC-HMS and two-dimensional hydraulic modeling with HEC-RAS 2D, coupled with an advection–dispersion model to simulate lead transport. Design discharges were estimated for return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years, yielding flow rates of 159.4 m³/s, 188.6 m³/s, and 216.8 m³/s, respectively. Spatial variations in flow velocity, water depth, and lead concentration were evaluated and complemented by an environmental impact zoning analysis. The results demonstrated a progressive decrease in Pb concentration in the downstream direction, governed by advection, dispersion, dilution, and sedimentation processes. The simulated lead concentration at the model inflow point was 0.000159 mg/L, representing an approximate 99.12% reduction compared with the value reported in 2021 (0.018 mg/L). The spatial zoning identified river sections with different levels of environmental impact, leading to the conclusion that river hydrodynamics control contaminant transport and that the cessation of mining activities does not ensure the immediate recovery of water quality due to the persistence of lead within the fluvial system. Based on these findings, the implementation of an integrated hydrological, hydraulic, and water quality management tool based on HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS is proposed to strengthen the monitoring and management of lead (Pb) contamination in the Yurasyacu–Anzu river system.Item Análisis comparativo de metodologías normativas para la estimación del caudal de diseño en sistemas de alcantarillado sanitario en América Latina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-06-10) Fernández Sánchez Diego Enrique; Arellano Barriga Alfonso Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThe normative methodologies employed for estimating the design sanitary flow in Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina were comparatively analyzed, with the purpose of identifying convergences and divergences that hinder technical comparability between sanitation projects in the region. Methodology: A comparative documentary analysis was developed focusing on the mathematical expressions, hydraulic parameters, and normative coefficients used to determine the average flow, the maximum daily and hourly flow, and the design flow, according to the official technical regulations of the five selected countries. Results: Similarities were identified in the estimation of the average flow, based on the relationship between per capita supply, the served population, and the return coefficient. However, differences were evident in the methods employed, especially in the incorporation of temporal variation factors, maximum coefficients, infiltration, and nondomestic contributions. Conclusions: The identified differences reflect varying levels of regulatory complexity and hydraulic safety margins adopted in each country. These findings highlight the need to strengthen technical coherence in sanitary design at the regional level. Likewise, they constitute a relevant input for projects funded by multilateral development organizations that require comparable technical frameworks.Item Análisis hidráulico del régimen de flujo y procesos de socavación en un tramo representativo del Río Napo, Provincia de Napo, mediante modelación numérica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2026-06-10) López Carrillo Giovanna Patricia; Castro Solórzano Fidel Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Maestría Hidráulica Con Mención en Obras HidráulicasThis study analyzes the hydraulic regime and potential scour processes in a representative reach of the Napo River, located in Puerto Napo, Napo Province, Ecuador. The research integrates high-resolution bathymetric and topographic surveys, probabilistic hydrological analysis, hydraulic modeling using HEC-RAS, sedimentological characterization, and multitemporal fluviomorphological assessment. The analyzed reach covers an approximate length of 250 m, referenced between KP 57+290 and KP 57+540. Estimated design discharges were 2614.70 m³/s for a 2-year return period and 5593.30 m³/s for a 25-year return period. Hydraulic modeling showed mean flow velocities of 4.05 m/s and 5.52 m/s, with maximum flood levels of 429.74 m a.s.l. and 431.24 m a.s.l., respectively. Scour estimation for the 2-year return period scenario resulted in depths of 1.04 m using HEC-RAS and 3.02 m using the Lischtvan-Lebediev method, highlighting the sensitivity of scour prediction to the selected method. The multitemporal fluviomorphological analysis identified dominant erosion on the left bank, with an approximate area of 41,625 m², and sediment deposition on the right bank of approximately 33,605 m². The results indicate that the studied reach is characterized by active fluvial dynamics and high-energy hydraulic conditions, emphasizing the importance of numerical modeling for assessing scour processes, morphological evolution, and protection measures in Amazonian rivers.Item Evaluación de Riesgos Hidrometeorológicos y Deslaves en la Zona Subtropical del Ecuador. Caso de Estudio: Comunidad Las Moras en el Cantón Pujilí, Provincia de Cotopaxi(Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica Maestria en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-24) Salazar Córdova Geovana Nataly; Maldonado Narváez Lenin RafaelThis study examines the growing threat of hydrometeorological and landslide risks in Las Moras, a rural community located in the subtropical zone of Pujilí Canton, Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador. The research starts from the premise that risk is not solely a natural phenomenon but the outcome of social, economic, and territorial conditions that amplify the vulnerability of local populations. The main objective was to assess landslide risk comprehensively, integrating physical, climatic, and social factors influencing terrain stability and community safety. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining hydrometeorological analysis (rainfall series from 2019–2023), geospatial modeling using GIS tools, and a social vulnerability assessment based on field observations and community validation. Results indicate a critical rainfall threshold of 52 mm/24 h (95th percentile), directly correlated with the main landslide events recorded during the study period. The Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) identified 28% of the territory as having high or very high risk, while the Vulnerability Capacity Index (VCI) revealed that social fragility and inadequate housing conditions exacerbate exposure. The integration of both indices enabled the delineation of priority intervention zones. As a practical outcome, the research proposes a low-cost, community-based Early Warning System (EWS) tailored to the local context and technological capacities. The study concludes that effective risk reduction requires an interdisciplinary and socially equitable approach that merges geospatial science with local knowledge, strengthening resilience and environmental justice in vulnerable subtropical territories.Item Análisis del estado de calidad del agua utilizando el índice NSF y propuesta de tratamiento de agua para la microcuenca Nagsiche en Salcedo, Cotopaxi(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Salazar Corrales Cristian Paul; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolIn this study, the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin, located in the province of Cotopaxi, was assessed using the NSF-WQI (Water Quality Index) method. The objective of this research was to determine the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin by applying the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI). Methods: The present study consisted of: (1) identifying the Yanahurco, Cusubamba, and Panzaleo sectors as sampling points; (2) collecting and analyzing samples according to the parameters established by the NSF-WQI; (3) calculating the water quality indices in the three sectors — Yanahurco (66.71), Cusubamba (60.97), and Panzaleo (57.65); and (4) classifying the water quality of the Nagsiche River basin as “Regular” quality, along with a proposed treatment strategy. Results: The study demonstrated: (a) differing climatic, topographic, social, and economic conditions, as well as varying uses of water resources; (b) high levels of organic pollution, based on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) values of 14 mg/L in the upper basin, 102.3 mg/L in the middle basin, and 175.2 mg/L in the lower basin; and (c) water quality in the Nagsiche River micro-basin classified as “Regular” according to the NSF-WQI methodology, with a corresponding treatment proposal. Discussion and Conclusions: The comprehensive evaluation of water quality in the Nagsiche River basin, applying the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI), allowed an objective determination of the environmental status of the water resource across its upper, middle, and lower sections. The results highlighted significant variations related to the degree of anthropogenic intervention, showing a clear trend of progressive deterioration in water quality toward the lower zones of the basin.Item Análisis del impacto de infraestructura verde: modelos hidrológicos y soluciones arquitectónicas sostenibles(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Guano Merino Jorge Israel; Morales Fiallos Fabian RodrigoIncreasing urbanization and the degradation of water resources in urban environments pose significant environmental, social, and public health challenges. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of green infrastructure on water quality and water resource management in urban areas, integrating hydrological models and sustainable architectural solutions. The study was conducted in the Baños de Agua Santa canton, located in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative analysis of physicochemical water parameters and hydrological modeling with qualitative techniques such as interviews, surveys, and focus groups. The results showed a significant improvement in water quality in areas where green infrastructure was implemented, with notable reductions in nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels. Additionally, the SWMM and HEC-HMS models indicated a decrease in surface runoff and an increase in water infiltration in the intervened urban soils. From a social perspective, a high level of community acceptance was observed, highlighting the perceived aesthetic, functional, and environmental benefits, along with a strong willingness to participate in the maintenance of these solutions. In conclusion, green infrastructure proved to be an effective tool for improving urban water management, reducing water pollution, and strengthening the environmental and social sustainability of the territory. It is recommended that green infrastructure be structurally integrated into public policies, land use planning, and climate change adaptation strategies, particularly in ecologically vulnerable contexts such as Baños de Agua Santa.Item Generación de un modelo estadístico para la automatización del control de los parámetros de calidad del agua, de la planta de tratamiento de agua potable El carrizal, perteneciente a la parroquia San Miguel, del Cantón Salcedo, Provincia de Cotopaxi(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Llamuca Montaluisa Segundo Atahualpa; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolThe current research aims to generate a statistical predictive model based on machine learning methods, geared towards automating the control of water quality parameters at the "El Carrizal" treatment plant, located in the Salcedo canton, Cotopaxi province. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach with a quantitative focus was employed, broken down into four stages: data preprocessing, predictive model design, benchmarking, and operational validation. The analysis of pH, turbidity, and residual chlorine parameters utilizes historical data from IoT sensors and applies multiple linear regression algorithms, support vector machines, decision trees, multilayer neural networks, and random forests. The results show a low linear correlation between the variables (R² values close to zero), which can be explained by the system's operational stability and the nonlinear complexity of the hydraulic system. Despite this, the Random Forest model stood out for its good balance between mean error, stability, and generalizability, thus serving as a base model for predictive process automation. These findings propose a replicable methodology based on data and machine learning, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable intelligent systems for water quality control.Item Evaluación del potencial de sistemas integrados de humedales artificiales para el tratamiento de aguas residuales y la producción de biofertilizantes sostenibles en el casco urbano del cantón Salcedo(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Obras Hidráulicas, 2025-12-15) Real Ronquillo Edison Gabriel; Castro Solórzano Fidel AlbertoThe objective of this work is to evaluate the operation of the Rumipamba de las Rosas wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in the Salcedo canton, in order to propose an integrated constructed wetland system as a technical alternative to improve the effluent quality from the treatment plant. Physicochemical analyses determined that the existing WWTP exhibits very low removal rates for BOD₅, COD, turbidity, detergents, and fecal coliforms, with an increase in total nitrogen. This indicates structural flaws in the biological treatment process and the lack of disinfection. To address these shortcomings, a constructed wetland system combining horizontal and vertical flow was proposed. This system is capable of sequentially integrating physical filtration, aeration, sedimentation, nitrification, and denitrification, potentially achieving removal rates exceeding 70% for the most critical parameters. A struvite crystallization module was incorporated for phosphorus recovery, enabling the production of a commercially valuable biofertilizer, thus aligning with the principles of a circular economy. The technical evaluation of the proposed system demonstrates that it not only complies with the limits established by Ministerial Agreement 097-A but also generates additional economic benefits through the projected annual struvite production. The results show that this system is viable, sustainable, and suitable for the climatic conditions of the Salcedo canton.