Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la incidencia de Woody Plant Medium y ácido indol-3-butírico sobre el enraizamiento in vitro de explantes de Myrcianthes rhopaloides. Articulado al Proyecto de Prácticas de Servicio Comunitario aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONVISO-2024-009(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Rivadeneira Salazar, Evelyn Monserrath; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaThis work focused on the in vitro rooting of explants of Myrcianthes rhopaloides, an endangered plant with high ecological and pharmacological value. The research aims to contribute to scientific knowledge on the propagation of native plants with therapeutic potential and to support the conservation of this species through micropropagation techniques. The methodology included the selection and disinfection of explants from healthy young branches of M. rhopaloides, which were grown in enriched media with different concentrations of AIB. Periodic measurements were performed to assess the viability of explants, the percentage of oxidation, contamination and the length of roots formed. In addition, digital tools such as SmartRoot software were used to analyze root development. The experimental design was structured using factorial tests with several replicates to ensure the reliability of the results. The results showed that internodal explants showed better root development compared to apical explants. A concentration of 0.2 mg per liter of AIB was found to promote root growth effectively, although it also increased the oxidation of the explants. Viability rates reached 62.5 percent in WPM treated explants, while the percentage of contamination and oxidation remained below 20 percent. These findings highlight the importance of adjusting culture conditions and hormone concentrations to maximize in vitro culture success.Item Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y estabilidad de un extracto obtenido a partir de residuos de hojas de la cosecha del maíz (Zea mays)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Puruncajas Paucar, Angel Santiago; Fernández Rivero, DanaeMaize (Zea mays) is a major crop in Ecuador, generating high volumes of underutilized agricultural waste which, if poorly managed, could pollute the environment or have non-economic value. Maize leaves, rich in biomolecules such as chlorophyll and flavonoids, hold potential for industrial applications in food and cosmetics. This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and stability of maize leaf extracts to promote their utilization. Two extracts were prepared using 96 percent ethanol and an acetone-ethanol mixture in a 3 to 1 ratio, which were analyzed through FTIR spectrophotometry. Their antioxidant capacity was studied using the DPPH assay. The extracts were stored at different temperatures for four weeks, and their FTIR spectra and antioxidant capacity were examined. The FTIR study indicates the presence of hydroxylated compounds in both extracts, acetone extract containing more diverse groups. The antioxidant capacity was 107.15 and 104.39 micromoles of Trolox per gram of maize leaves for ethanol and acetone-ethanol extracts, respectively. The stability study showed changes in the FTIR spectra of both extracts, with an increase in the presence of new functional groups. The acetone-ethanol extract exhibited greater stability in antioxidant capacity, whereas the ethanol extract showed a significant reduction. Refrigeration proved to be the best condition for preserving antioxidant activity in both extracts.Item Evaluación de fitohormona para la división celular in vitro de Myrciantes rhopaloides(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Medina Medina, Jorge Antonio; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaMyrcianthes rhopaloides commonly known as Black Arrayan is an endemic species of Ecuador, which has been used intensively due to the properties and quality of its wood, being of great value for the timber industry, causing the population of this species to be reduced. The objective of this research is to evaluate the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for in vitro cell division by means of in vitro micropropagation, developing organogenesis in the form of leaves and shoots from explants, from the application of an in vitro culture protocol for disinfection in order to obtain viable explants and a variation of four treatments with Gamborg B5 medium; three of which will present phytohormone in different concentrations of 0,5; 1 and 1,5 milligrams per liter of phytohormone and one treatment as a negative control without the presence of phytohormone. As a result of the disinfection, a moderate percentage of viable explants was obtained, where the contamination rate was due to the presence of an endophytic fungus. In the evaluation of the phytohormone treatments, treatment three with a 1,5 percent concentration of indole-3-acetic acid showed a response of leaf and shoot formation in the third week after the start of the experiment, maintaining a gradual increase during the 7 weeks that the explants were incubated.Item Evaluación de biofactorías vegetales para la producción y extracción de antocianinas a partir de Col Lombarda (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Andrade Romero, Christian Israel; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana PaulinaIn this research, the seed disinfection and germination process was optimized, exposed to different experimental conditions such as: culture media (Murashige and Skoog Complete and without nitrates); growth regulators (Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid) and genetic transformation (AtMYB12 and GUS) to obtain transformed seedlings and roots. Extracts were obtained to analyze total anthocyanin content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Analyses showed that the use of Gibberellic Acid at 4 degrees improved the germination rate by 83.33 percent. The Murashige and Skoog medium without nitrates favored the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seedlings, reaching a total anthocyanin content of 45.07 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g, with an antioxidant capacity of 65 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 76.49 percent. In the transformed roots the transcription factor AtMYB12 in Murashige and Skoog complete medium reported better results with a total anthocyanin content of 49.49 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside per-100 g; antioxidant capacity of 72.10 percent and anti-inflammatory activity of 79.4 percent. Statistical results suggest that the culture medium influences the production of anthocyanins, and the transformed roots in the transcription factor are the most relevant. These results suggest that genetic transformation and the optimization of culture conditions can increase anthocyanin production.Item Optimización del protocolo para la fase de introducción in vitro de la flor del Ranúnculo Persa (Ranunculus asiaticus) en la empresa LEPLANTEC S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Paredes Pico, Ariana Paulina; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaThe optimization of the protocol for the in vitro introduction phase of the Persian Buttercup (R. asiaticus) was conducted in collaboration with LEPLANTEC S.A., where the first stage of in vitro plant micropropagation was analyzed due to its high endogenous and exogenous contamination. The objective was to improve the standardized culture medium protocol through combined treatments. Bulbs of the flower were collected to evaluate two concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, determining that the 2% concentration presented a low percentage of shoots with total oxidation, although without significant difference from the 1.5% concentration. Antibiotics were directly applied to the shoots during planting, with gentamicin showing the lowest incidence percentage. The effectiveness of Plant Preservative Mixture as a bacteriostatic agent was measured, with the 1 ml concentration being the most effective. Finally, the best concentration of the hormones BAP and ANA was determined, with the 1 ml concentration being optimal as it promoted adequate shoot growth in this initial stage. The combined treatment D2P1A1H2 was the most effective, identified through a factorial design, showing the highest percentage of shoot viability, achieving a high degree of viability and proper development of the Persian Buttercup shoots. This research allowed the identification and optimization of the critical components of the in vitro micropropagation protocol for the Persian Buttercup, significantly improving the process efficiency and establishing a more robust protocol for the investigative purposes of LEPLANTEC S.A.Item Evaluación de la producción de fenoles, flavonoides y antioxidantes en sistemas biotecnológicos de pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) con metil jasmonato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) García Ramos, Marissa Miossothy; Lalaleo Córdova, Liliana PaulinaThis research evaluates the effects of methyl jasmonate as a plant stress inducer on the production of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in cellular biotechnological systems of pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus). Stress was induced at different concentrations of 0, 50 and 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate at time intervals of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed with 50 micromolar a continuous maximum phenol production until day 28 with 137,639 equivalents of gallic acid, while 150 micromolar achieved a phenol production of 126,087 equivalents of gallic acid at 28 days. In flavonoid production, 150 micromolar showed the fastest increase, 121,562 quercetin equivalents in 14 days. In antioxidant capacity, 150 micromolar MeJa elicited the highest initial response, 89.518 percent inhibition of DPPH within 14 days. This study concludes that, for industrial applications aimed at both growth and the production of bioactive compounds, the treatment of pitahaya cells with 50 micromolar methyl jasmonate is optimal, since they provide a balance between progressive growth and greater production of metabolites. Alternatively, higher concentrations such as 150 micromolar methyl jasmonate can be used for rapid compound production despite reduced cell growth. The findings provide valuable information for laboratory processes at industrial levels, depending on specific production objectives and as a contribution to the limited research of these compounds in plant cell suspensions.Item Evaluación de medios de cultivo y fitohormonas para la inducción de callogénesis a partir de dos explantes de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Peralta Lluglla, Oscar David; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaBlueberry consumption has increased its demand at international and national level, healthy plants are necessary efficient, therefore, this research seeks to evaluate culture media and phytohormones for the induction of callogenesis from two blueberry explants (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cv. Biloxi. Blueberry leaves and flowers that had undergone a disinfection process were introduced. In addition, leaves from plants established under in vitro conditions were evaluated. Woody plant medium was used as a base to formulate a total of thirteen treatments to which enrichers and different concentrations of phytohormones were added. The percentage of callus induction and the percentage of embryogenic calli, their morphological characteristics and their viability were evaluated. The results showed that the leaves taken ex vivo were not viable for callus development. No significant differences were found in the doses of 2,4D and KIN used in flowers. In leaves, the dose of 2 milligrams per litre of 2,4D gave callus with slightly better characteristics and the concentration of 3 milligrams per litre of KIN also showed a slight favourable difference. In conclusion, the composition of the medium, the hormone interaction, the type of explant and their interactions have a significant effect on the rate of callus induction. Furthermore, the best explant for efficient callus development is the flower, which provides favourable characteristics for a subsequent process of complete differentiation of the blueberry plant.Item Evaluación de medios de cultivo y fitohormonas para la inducción de callogénesis a partir de dos explantes de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Changoluisa Arguero, Dayanna Mishel; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaBlueberry consumption has increased its demand at international and national level, healthy plants are necessary efficient, therefore, this research seeks to evaluate culture media and phytohormones for the induction of callogenesis from two blueberry explants (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cv. Biloxi. Blueberry leaves and flowers that had undergone a disinfection process were introduced. In addition, leaves from plants established under in vitro conditions were evaluated. Woody plant medium was used as a base to formulate a total of thirteen treatments to which enrichers and different concentrations of phytohormones were added. The percentage of callus induction and the percentage of embryogenic calli, their morphological characteristics and their viability were evaluated. The results showed that the leaves taken ex vivo were not viable for callus development. No significant differences were found in the doses of 2,4D and KIN used in flowers. In leaves, the dose of 2 milligrams per litre of 2,4D gave callus with slightly better characteristics and the concentration of 3 milligrams per litre of KIN also showed a slight favourable difference. In conclusion, the composition of the medium, the hormone interaction, the type of explant and their interactions have a significant effect on the rate of callus induction. Furthermore, the best explant for efficient callus development is the flower, which provides favourable characteristics for a subsequent process of complete differentiation of the blueberry plant.Item Desarrollo de un biorecubrimiento a partir de cera de abeja para mejorar la vida útil de las fresas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Zhu Ordoñez, Luis Fernando; Garcés Moncayo, María DanielaThis study focuses on the development of bio-coatings to extend the shelf life of strawberries, a highly perishable fruit that poses significant commercial challenges for farmers, with the aim of replacing conventional preservation methods, which are generally chemical in nature and potentially hazardous to consumer health. The study's methodology focused on the formulation of three distinct bio-coatings, each combining beeswax with walnut oil and essential oils of oregano and clove, chosen for their well-known antimicrobial properties. The effectiveness of these coatings was rigorously evaluated through a series of physicochemical assays, such as weight loss, rot percentage, color, pH, total soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. Additionally, microbiological tests were conducted to determine the bio-coatings' resistance against various concentrations (1:10; 1:100; 1:1000) of the fungus B. cinerea, responsible for post-harvest rot in strawberries. Tests were carried out under two temperature regimes: room temperature (17-22) Celsius and refrigeration (4-7) Celsius; this methodological approach not only confirmed the efficacy of the bio-coatings under different conditions but also contributed to the forefront of research in natural food preservatives. The results obtained showed that strawberries treated with the bio-coatings maintain their sensory and nutritional attributes for an extended period, up to 8 days under room conditions and up to 15 days in refrigeration; this finding represents a significant step towards natural and sustainable preservation methods.Item Evaluación de la capacidad cicatrizante in vivo de formas farmacéuticas elaboradas con extracto etanólico de hojas de matico (Eupatorium glutinosum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Viracucha Chavez, Ketsi Lizbeth; Fernández Rivero, DanaeWounds represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite current options such as dressings and topical medications, a more effective and affordable treatment is being sought. Its approach can be carried out through the alternative use of traditional medicine plants. Matico (Eupatorium glutinosum) has demonstrated antimicrobial and healing properties, suggesting its potential in cosmetic products. However, its stability is compromised by external factors such as humidity and light. Obtaining the extract allowed microencapsulation to be carried out by spray drying with gum arabic and maltodextrin. Two pharmaceutical forms were prepared: a cream and a matico hydrogel. In addition, quality control tests, determinations of phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were carried out. The wound was treated with the pharmaceutical forms and the extract in 5 experimental groups for 14 days. In the in vivo test, the healing capacity of the 5 experimental groups was evaluated, where the group of rats (Rattus norvergicus) treated with matico cream was identified as the most effective, evidenced by the lowest percentage of the wound area, with 1 .3 percent in the seventh.