Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

Examinar

Resultados de la búsqueda

Mostrando 1 - 10 de 26

Evaluación del potencial de los residuos agrícolas de maíz (Zea mays) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) como sustratos para el cultivo del hongo cola de pavo (Trametes versicolor)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Tenorio Quishpe, Martha Beatriz
;
Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Agricultural residues from maize (Zea mays) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) represent an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic biomass in Ecuador, whose valorization through the cultivation of medicinal fungi constitutes a high-impact biotechnological alternative. Using a design with two factors: type of agricultural residue (maize and sugarcane) and proportion of structural material (25, 50 and 75 percent), six treatments (T1-T6) were generated with three replicates each, employing Trametes versicolor as the model organism, a basidiomycete capable of degrading lignin through an extracellular enzymatic system that includes laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP); substrates were prepared by chopping, hydration to 85% moisture, pH adjustment between 4.5 and 6.5, and sterilization at 121 degrees Celsius for 90 minutes, before being inoculated with T. versicolor mycelium; response variables were mycelial colonization rate and percentage, analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p less than 0.05). Results showed that both the type of agricultural residue and the proportion of structural material significantly influenced mycelial colonization of T. versicolor, with maize-based substrates containing a higher proportion of sawdust proving most suitable for fungal development under the evaluated conditions; these findings lay the groundwork for the development of sustainable production protocols for T. versicolor from local agroindustrial byproducts, with potential application in environmental biotechnology.
Desarrollo y caracterización de una bebida alcohólica espirituosa a partir de la fermentación y destilación de residuos de panificación
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2026-01)
Escobar Illanes, Xavier Nicolas
;
Moreno Miranda, Carlos Santiago
The overproduction of solid waste by the artisanal bakery industry demands valorisation strategies. This study aimed to develop and characterize a spirit drink produced through the fermentation and distillation of bakery waste. The methodology employed a mixture of bakery products converted into flour using a standardized processing protocol, which included an acid wash and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars, applying a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design that evaluated two yeast variants (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus and S. bayanus) at three substrate concentrations (1:2, 1:3, 1:4). The final distilled product was analyzed physicochemically, microbiologically, and sensorially. The treatment (S. bayanus, 1:4 dilution) presented the best sensory profile in terms of aroma, taste, and acceptability. This treatment complied with safety (NTE INEN-ISO 21527-2) and physicochemical (NTE INEN 2014) standards, reporting an absence of microbiological contaminants, a qualitative absence of methanol, and an absence of furfural as determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). Furthermore, this treatment sensorially outperformed the commercial control owing to an aromatic profile rich in esters, fatty nuances, and cereal notes, favored by fermentation free from osmotic stress. It is concluded that transforming bread waste into a quality alcoholic beverage is technically feasible, providing a circular economy alternative that revalorises by-products that generate losses, through the production of spirits.
Optimización de las variables nutricionales y ambientales para el crecimiento y producción del hongo Pycnoporus spp
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Ponce Monta María Fernanda
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
The fungus Pycnoporus spp. has gained increasing relevance for its applications in biotechnology, the food industry, and pharmacology due to its enzymatic properties and bioactive metabolites, such as laccases and antioxidant compounds. However, the lack of standardized protocols for its cultivation limits large-scale production. This study focused on the optimization of nutritional and environmental variables to enhance their growth and production in different culture media, with emphasis on the use of lignocellulosic residues such as sugarcane bagasse, pine sawdust, wheat straw, and rice straw. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four treatments differentiated by substrate formulation, replicated four times, and variables such as mycelial colonization, dry biomass production, and fructification were evaluated. Mycelium isolation and propagation were carried out in solid (PDA) and liquid-supplemented media under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and pH. Growth kinetics were evaluated by absorbance, and statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD) were applied to determine significant differences between treatments. The results showed that the T1 and T3 formulations presented higher biomass yields and morphological stability. In conclusion, the combination of cellulose-rich substrates supplemented with nitrogen sources and controlled culture conditions significantly favors the development of Pycnoporus spp. This proposal can be replicated in industrial processes to produce enzymes and bioactive metabolites with high added value in areas such as food, environmental, and pharmaceutical.
Evaluación del uso de residuos orgánicos de centros de distribución alimentaria como sustrato sostenible para la producción de hongo ostra blanco (Pleurotus ostreatus)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Paredes Sánchez Johanna Stephanie
;
Valencia Silva Alex Fabián
The methodology used included the collection of organic waste, whose suitability as a substrate was evaluated through analysis of moisture, pH, texture, and lignocellulosic composition. The substrates were fragmented, adjusted for moisture and pH, and sterilized. Subsequently, the substrate was inoculated with mycelium and its growth was monitored under controlled conditions, evaluating the yield through the weight of the fruiting bodies obtained. The results demonstrated that sawdust, combined with wheat bran and calcium carbonate, achieved the best performance in fruiting body production, with an approximate yield of 120 grams per kilogram of substrate. In comparison, substrates based on corn bagasse and sugarcane bagasse produced lower yields and greater variability. These findings confirm that the use of organic waste is a sustainable strategy for the production of P. ostreatus, recommending the optimization of the carbon/nitrogen ratio to further improve the results.
Aprovechamiento y evaluación in vitro del extracto obtenido a partir de residuos del arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum) de calidad no comercial en la formulación de un hidrogel
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Córdova Avila Alan Ismael
;
Fernández Rivero Danae
Currently, at the national level, blueberry crops of companies and small farmers are experiencing significant losses of up to thirty percent of residue generated by the lack of training of farmers in specific techniques for the management of this crop, harvesting, transport and storage. The residue is of great interest in sustainability studies in order to extract its bioactive compounds. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) extract has natural antioxidant capacities by its high nutritional and flavonoid content. In this study, extracts were obtained from UEA, using a two-factor experimental design in Minitab with a 95 percent confidence level, where the etanol-water concentration and temperature were evaluated. The flavonoid content was determined by the Aluminum Chloride method, the results obtained indicated that the best treatment was the one with the highest concentration of flavonoids, reaching 63,295 milligrams of quercetin equivalent per gram of fresh sample in conditions of 80:20 ethanol at 70 percent and a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. With this extract a hydrogel was formulated with pH (4.5 - 7.5) and viscosity (500 - 15000 centipoise), of which its antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the ABTS method, generating an inhibition percentage of 49.869 percent of the hydrogel and 60.578 percent of the concentrated extract. In vitro release was evaluated by membrane diffusion with cellophane and phosphate buffer 7.2, obtaining a value of 47.315 milligrams quercetin equivalent per gram of sample.
Efecto de la adición de lodos de la PTAR Ambato sobre los procesos de compostaje de residuos verdes y de jardín
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Chango Jerez Raquel Magaly
;
Peñafiel Ayala Rodny David
Ecuador generates a high percentage of organic solid waste, such as green waste and garden waste, causing a significant environmental problem. All waste accumulates in landfills, causing pollution. Furthermore, the sludge from the Ambato WWTP represents a responsible environmental strategy, and together with composting, aims to improve compost quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the effect of the Ambato WWTP sludge on the composting process in laboratory bioreactors. The methodology consisted of operating three bioreactors for the 12-week composting process. The bioreactors consisted of green waste, garden waste, and commercial compost for bioreactor 1, and for bioreactors 2 and 3, the same materials were added, but with the addition of WWTP sludge. The physicochemical characteristics of the compost were monitored throughout the process. In conclusion, the composting process using the Ambato WWTP sludge stood out for its efficiency, demonstrating how the sludge improved process quality and supported the circular economy by complying with environmental policies. The results of this study can serve as a technical reference for public environmental policies, circular economy initiatives, and urban sustainability projects in Ambato and other cities in the country, generating a positive impact on both the environmental and socioeconomic levels.
Obtención de astaxantina a partir de exoesqueletos de cangrejo rojo (Ucides occidentalis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02)
Chiliquinga Angulo, Joel Alexander
;
Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with outstanding biological activity, and its antioxidant capacity surpasses those of other carotenoids. Since the use of synthetic astaxanthin is restricted, there has been growing interest in obtaining this compound from natural sources. Astaxanthin is responsible for the characteristic reddish hue of the red crab (Ucides occidentalis). In Ecuador, approximately 40 million red crabs are caught annually for consumption, which generates a sanitation problem due to the large amounts of resulting by-products, as 70 to 80 percent corresponds to the inedible fraction of crustaceans. Considering this, the present study evaluated the overall extraction yield and the amount of astaxanthin present in each extract using extraction techniques such as Soxhlet and maceration, considering the extraction time. The overall extraction yield and astaxanthin content were evaluated by gravimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. The highest overall yield was obtained using the Soxhlet technique at 210 min (0.120 percent), and the highest astaxanthin content was obtained using the Soxhlet technique at 180 min (332.132 microgram per gram). The antioxidant capacity of the extract with the highest astaxanthin content was evaluated by the DPPH method, where 48.779 percent inhibition equivalent to 250.620 micromoles of Trolox per liter was obtained. Therefore, the present investigation demonstrated the production of astaxanthin, evaluating its yield as a function of the extraction time with ethanol and its antioxidant capacity.
Optimización del proceso de extracción de compuestos bioactivos mediante superficie de respuesta a partir de residuos de camarón
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08)
Villafuerte Herrera, Ronaldo Julián
;
Cadena Carrera, Santiago Esmiro
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with significant biological activity, even greater antioxidant activity than other carotenoids. Synthetic astaxanthin has usage restrictions, which has led to interest in obtaining it from natural sources. Astaxanthin is responsible for the pinkish color of shrimp, and the cultivation of shrimp has increased globally, along with its negative effects, primarily the generation of waste that constitutes approximately 25 to 60 percent by weight. Considering this, the present study evaluated the extraction of astaxanthin using Soxhlet and modeled the extraction kinetics from shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei). The raw material was characterized by proximal analysis, particle size, and shape. The overall extraction yield and astaxanthin content were evaluated by gravimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. The highest overall yield was obtained with the ethanol plus water solvent (3.75 percent), and the highest astaxanthin concentration was for the ethanol and methanol solvents (292.2 and 296.0 micrograms per gram, respectively). The model that best fit to describe the extraction kinetics was the Peleg model, with a determination coefficient between 0.93 and 0.98. This research demonstrates the potential recovery of astaxanthin from shrimp waste using ethanol.
Elaboración de una apanadura a base de residuos de camarón (litopenaeus vannamei), y panko
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08)
Hidalgo Mosquera, Annie Catherine
;
Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
The inadequate management of waste has a significant environmental impact. The incorrect disposal of organic matter generates contamination, encourages the emission of gases, and generates unpleasant odors, as in the case of shrimp waste. The amount of bread waste represents a waste of valuable resources. It is essential to manage these wastes properly to mitigate their environmental impact and take advantage of their potential by reusing them or giving value to these materials. In the present study, a breading was developed using shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and panko waste, for which the waste was selected through a visual evaluation of its odor, integrity and appearance characteristics. A convective drying, milling and sieving process was applied to obtain a homogeneous mixture that would allow adequate breading, which was adjusted according to sensory and technical-functional parameters such as oil absorption capacity and dough properties. In addition, the proximal composition of the most acceptable breading was determined. The results achieved demonstrate a crunchy texture and an enhancement of the flavor of the breaded food, characteristics that satisfy the consumer. The percentage yield obtained for shrimp shell flour was 29.0 percent and 68.9 percent for panko. The most acceptable formulation was the one obtained by treatment 3, which presented a low oil absorption index of 1.59, an intermediate texture between panko and breadcrumbs of 6386 gram-strength and a raw peak of 81 cP, which shows a viscosity like that of a gum. Regarding proximate composition and microbiological load, the product complied with INEN 2945 and NTE INEN 2532.
Extracción de celulosa a partir de estiércol de vaca y conejo mediante procesos fisicoquímicos y mecánicos para la elaboración de filtros
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Paredes Cruz, Eder Ariel
;
Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Cellulose, a highly bioavailable polymer, is primarily obtained from wood species, with a projected global demand of 142 billion tons by 2030. This increase in consumption, driven by various industries, poses risks to biodiversity due to forest expansion. To address this issue, the feasibility of extracting cellulose from manure generated by the livestock and rabbit farming sector was explored. The cellulose recovery from manure was carried out using the alkaline pulping method with sodium hydroxide; a pressing process was employed for the production of cellulose filters. Additionally, the filters underwent various feasibility tests to demonstrate their efficiency. Despite the challenges of the process, cellulose extraction yields of 45.07 percent, 32.18 percent, and 40 percent were achieved from rabbit, cow, and a mixture of both manures, respectively. The cellulose pulp exhibited optimal pH values between 7.9 and 8.20, with alpha cellulose contents exceeding 75 percent in all three treatments. The filters-maintained sterility with optimal levels of moisture (less than 1 percent) and ashes (less than 4.5 percent) over time. IR spectra indicated similarities with commercial cellulose, with variations attributable to the animal diet and intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, the filters demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 81 percent in retaining particles larger than 0.0625 mm.

Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

Examinar

Filtros

Ajustes

Ordenar por

resultados por página

Resultados de la búsqueda