Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación de compuestos bioactivos a partir de microorganismos endófitos para el control de enfermedades por hongos fitopatógenos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Quisnia Aldas, Angeles Monserrath
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Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The present research addresses the problem of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which are responsible for significant losses in agricultural production and impacts on food security, generating growing interest in the development of sustainable biological strategies. Bioactive compounds produced by endophytic microorganisms isolated from medicinal plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon represent an alternative for the control of agriculturally relevant pathogens. A microbial bank of 104 endophytes was isolated and characterized, including 43 bacteria and 61 fungi. Among these, the isolates BEC-024 (Bacillus subtilis) and BEC-012 (Bacillus velezensis) showed the highest antagonistic potential against Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Fusarium spp., and Phoma spp., with larger inhibition halos and a broad spectrum of action. Metabolic expression under optimized conditions enabled the production of bioactive metabolites with high inhibitory activity, particularly in formula F3, composed of broad bean flour and glucose, which promoted mycelial inhibition against all evaluated pathogens. Subsequently, the compounds were concentrated and microencapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin, obtaining an improved product. These findings demonstrate that the selected endophytes constitute an effective source of bioactive metabolites, whose microencapsulation enhances their stability and antifungal effect. The results suggest the application of these compounds as a biological alternative for the protection of agricultural crops, promoting sustainable, safe, and low-environmental-impact strategies against phytopathogenic fungi, thereby contributing to food security and the development of more responsible agricultural practices.
Caracterización de las propiedades bromatológicas y fisicoquímicas de la harina de Verbena (Verbena litoralis K.) para su uso en galletería
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-07)
Cevallos Duque Karen Estefania
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Lascano Sumbana Alexandra Virginia
Verbena (Verbena litoralis K.) is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family and has been traditionally used in the medicinal field for many years due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, attributed to its bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, and terpenoids. However, there are no scientific studies regarding its use in food products or its level of toxicity. This study aimed to identify the physicochemical, bromatological, and functional properties of verbena for its subsequent conversion into flour and the formulation of cookies with partial substitution of wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.) in percentages of 0, 10, 15, and 20. The viscous properties of the flours were studied using a rotational viscometer (RVA). The cookies from the best treatment were selected based on sensory analysis. The results indicated that verbena flour is rich in protein (21,20 porcentaje), fat (2,46 porcentaje), and dietary fiber (33,72 porcentaje). Functional properties included bulk density (0,25 g/mL), water absorption capacity (1,65 g water/g sample), oil absorption capacity (1,1 g oil/g sample), emulsifying capacity (20,83 porcentaje), and gelation capacity (14,01 porcentaje). RVA analysis showed that its gelatinization and starch content present favorable properties; however, it will be necessary to complement it with raw material possessing adequate characteristics. Cookies with a 10 porcentaje partial substitution had the highest sensory acceptability in terms of color, flavor, and texture.
Elaboración de gomitas de piña (Ananas comosus l), maracuyá (Passiflora edulis sims) y valeriana (Valeriana officinalis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02)
Tipan Tenicota, Gissel Nathaly
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Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes
The primary objective of this study was to develop a gummy candy made from pineapple, passion fruit, and valerian as a therapeutic food, offering a pleasant taste experience with potential health benefits. Three formulations were proposed, each with different proportions of fruit, while keeping the valerian extract constant. Texture and degrees Brix analyses were conducted on these formulations and a commercial control. Additionally, a sensory analysis was performed to identify the best formulation. The results indicated that the sample containing a 50:50 ratio of pineapple and passion fruit pulp was the most preferred. Physical-chemical and microbiological analyses were conducted on the selected formulation to assess its quality. These parameters confirmed that the product meets the limits established by current national regulations, ensuring compliance with quality, safety, and stability standards required for consumption. In conclusion, the developed product demonstrated favorable sensory characteristics and an estimated amount of valerian compounds that may exert a relaxing effect.
Evaluación de la actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos fenólicos del extracto etanólico de Anís (Pimpinella anisum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Urbina Monroy, Diana Carolina
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
This study evaluated the biological activity of phenolic compounds present in the ethanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (green anise). The Soxhlet extraction method was used using 96 percent ethanol, obtaining a yield of 8 percent. The results revealed a total phenol concentration of 76.2 mg GAE per ml. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS methods, showing a maximum inhibition of 66.47 percent and 76.32 percent, respectively, indicating that the extracts have the potential to neutralize free radicals. In addition, the anti-inflammatory capacity was determined by denaturation of egg albumin and bovine albumin, reaching maximum inhibitions of 68 percent and 78.48 percent respectively. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds of P. anisum possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with other plant extracts. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's test confirmed significant differences between the tested concentrations. The findings highlight the potential of P. anisum as a natural source of bioactive compounds with applications in various industries. Further detailed analysis is recommended to identify the specific compounds responsible for these biological activities and validate these results in vivo. The importance of implementing sustainable practices in the cultivation and harvesting of the plant to preserve its quality is also highlighted.
Análisis de la actividad antiinflamatoria y agregación plaquetaria compuestos bioactivos del extracto etanólico de Cedrón (Aloysia citrodora paláu)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Valencia Armas, Joselin Gabriela
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
Currently, access to large medical treatments is a global challenge, which drives a renewed interest in traditional medicine and medicinal plants, however, the lack of scientific studies limits their acceptance in public health. This research analyzes the bioactive compounds of the ethanolic extract of cedron (Aloysia citrodora Paláu) for its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activity. The cedron plant, also known as verbena, confers a range of therapeutic uses including the reduction of inflammation and protection against oxidative stress. Wherein, gallic acid reduces inflammation, while quercetin exhibits anticoagulant properties. The extraction yield was 17.01 percent, and the content of total phenols and flavonoids was found to decrease as the extract was diluted, with maximum values of 163.45 milligram (mg) over gram (g) and 99.12 mg over g, respectively, at the highest concentration. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, the cedron extract showed an inhibition of albumin denaturation of 61.85 percent, lower than diclofenac (95.1 percent), but comparable as it is diluted. In addition, the extract inhibited platelet aggregation similarly to the control drug at all concentrations tested. The flavonoids and phenols present in the ethanolic extract of cedron exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activity, standing out as a natural alternative. These findings contribute to the development of new organic products and to the growth of the Flor Andina company.
Identificación de la capacidad biológica del extracto etanólico de hojas de menta (Mentha arvensis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Paredes Manzano, Johnny Andrés
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
The use of natural substances derived from medicinal plants has been a widespread practice throughout history, offering valuable therapeutic alternatives. In Ecuador, a megadiverse country with a rich flora, there is a growing interest in exploring these plants as sources of bioactive compounds for medical and pharmaceutical applications. This work focuses on the evaluation of the biological properties of the ethanolic extract of mint leaves (Mentha arvensis) in Ecuador, in order to study its potential as a source of natural bioactive compounds and explore its therapeutic application. The ethanolic extract of mint leaves was obtained by the Soxhlet method whose yield was 14.55 percent. The determination of total phenols was performed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the evaluation of its antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS assays. In addition, its anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by protein denaturation assays (egg albumin and bovine albumin). The results obtained showed that the extract of M. arvensis has a high content of total phenols of 57.59 mg GAE per gran of extract, and also exhibits a significant antioxidant activity of 86.36 and 82.78 percent for the DPPH and ABTS assays respectively, being a potential as a source of natural antioxidant agents. Likewise, a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity of 67.54 and 71.31 percent was observed for the egg albumin and bovine albumin denaturation assays respectively, indicating to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Determinación de la actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos del extracto etanólico de Hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Molina Alomaliza, Joselyn Stefany
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as Lemongrass, is a herbaceous plant of the Poaceae family native to tropical and subtropical regions. Widely valued in traditional medicine, multiple therapeutic properties are attributed to it, including antispasmodic, antimicrobial, antitussive, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects. Although the scientific evidence that supports these benefits is still limited and it is unknown if they would have the same composition in Ecuadorian territory. Furthermore, Lemongrass is not considered a substitute for conventional medical treatments, more research is required to confirm its medicinal properties. In this study, the biological activity of the bioactive compounds from the ethanolic extract of Lemongrass was evaluated. The ethanolic extract of C. citratus was extracted using the Soxhlet method. Subsequently, a stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of extract in 100 mL of distilled water, obtaining dilutions of 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 used in all tests. Total phenolic properties were measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reaching 76.24 mg GAE per g of extract at the highest concentration. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH and ABTS methods, obtaining the maximum values of 459.81 and 690.35 mgTE per g of extract, respectively. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory capacity, two methods were used: egg albumin denaturation and bovine serum albumin denaturation. Both confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract, with the egg albumin method being superior in sensitivity and reproducibility. This study highlights medicinal properties of C. citratus, reaffirming its potential in pharmacological applications.
Evaluación de la capacidad cicatrizante in vivo de formas farmacéuticas elaboradas con extracto etanólico de hojas de matico (Eupatorium glutinosum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Viracucha Chavez, Ketsi Lizbeth
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Fernández Rivero, Danae
Wounds represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite current options such as dressings and topical medications, a more effective and affordable treatment is being sought. Its approach can be carried out through the alternative use of traditional medicine plants. Matico (Eupatorium glutinosum) has demonstrated antimicrobial and healing properties, suggesting its potential in cosmetic products. However, its stability is compromised by external factors such as humidity and light. Obtaining the extract allowed microencapsulation to be carried out by spray drying with gum arabic and maltodextrin. Two pharmaceutical forms were prepared: a cream and a matico hydrogel. In addition, quality control tests, determinations of phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were carried out. The wound was treated with the pharmaceutical forms and the extract in 5 experimental groups for 14 days. In the in vivo test, the healing capacity of the 5 experimental groups was evaluated, where the group of rats (Rattus norvergicus) treated with matico cream was identified as the most effective, evidenced by the lowest percentage of the wound area, with 1 .3 percent in the seventh.
Determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante de los extractos de la planta sunfo (Clinopodium nubigenum) frente a cepas de Staphylococcus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Chiriboga Cordones, Juan Fernando
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De la Torres Olvera, Helena Maritza
Foodsborne illnesses cause symptoms such as: diarrehea, vomiting and stomach pains; the treatment is the use of antibiotics such as: cephalosporins, penicillin and aminoglycosides. Due to the bad use, resistance has occurred to bacteria such as: E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, among others. In the present investigation, the bacteria used was S. aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), obtained in cheeses from markets in the City of Ambato, where searched for an alternative to the use of antibiotics through antimicrobial tests and its relationship with the antioxidant activity. For this purpose, an extract of the Sunfo (C. nubigenum) was obtained, where its main components are polyphenols such as: flavonoids and phenolic acids. Through the Soxhlet method, secondary metabolites were obtained together with the solvent ethanol. The identification of the bacteria was realized on Salted Mannitol Agar, a yellow colour indicated the presence of S. aureus and a red colour indicated the presence of CoNS. For the antimicrobial test, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were used together with the resazurin indicator, observing a change in coloration; for antioxidant activity, a colorimetric assay was realized with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Finally, it was determined that the C. nubigenum extract presented antimicrobial properties, due to the inhibition of the S. aureus and CoNS species, verifying the colour change with the MIC and MBC test. Likewise, the evaluated extract presented antioxidant properties by reading absorbances between DPPH and the extract.
Estudio bromatológico de las flores de Oxalis lotoides (Kunth) y su aplicación en una infusión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09)
Sánchez Herrera, Cristian Fabricio
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Vargas López, José Homero
The use of flowers provides unique flavors and aromas in the preparation of infusions, especially from native species of Ecuador that have been used for medicinal purposes and have shown to contribute nutritional value to the body. Therefore, their use can help prevent the consequences of not having a nutritious and balanced diet. This research aims to evaluate the bromatological characteristics of Oxalis lotoides (Kunth) flowers and their application in an infusion. The flowers of Oxalis lotoides (Kunth) were collected in the Aláquez parish of Latacunga canton, Cotopaxi province. Their chemical and nutritional composition was evaluated, obtaining a pH of 3.109, 4.0 degrees Brix for soluble solids, 0.072 percent acidity expressed as citric acid, 91.694 percent moisture, 8.89 percent fat, 0.58 percent ashes, 15.4 percent protein, 51.5 percent total dietary fiber, 13.4 percent total sugars, and 147.8 mg of vitamin C per hundred grams. An infusion was prepared using dehydrated flowers, and a sensory evaluation was conducted, with the highest acceptability found in the attribute of color. Finally, a microbiological evaluation was performed to verify compliance with the minimum microorganism levels according to the NTE INEN 2392 standard. This research provided a contribution to the knowledge of the chemical composition of Oxalis lotoides flowers, which demonstrated to be a source of nutrients, making it a viable option for the development of new products with nutritional value.

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