Unidad Posgrado Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item La aplicación de técnicas alternativas limpias en el control de trips (Frankliniella tuberosi) en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum var. Super chola), en la Granja Victoria(2017) Toro Álava, Marco Patricio; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro PabloThe purpose of this research work is the generation of a proposal on the control of Clean Way in the Handling of Pests of a special way of thrips in the cultivation of potato. At the provincial level has worked on the implementation of a Clean Production, and this is the way to give the consumer a guarantee, through programs of agricultural specialization given by the Provincial Government of Tungurahua under the Agricultural Strategy, with a production approach Clean For the reduction of agro-toxic inputs. This proposal was generated through visits to potato producers who have entered into certification processes with UCALT, and their need for other alternatives to chemicals. This work is considered important because it will be possible to optimize the knowledge presented in this proposal. Although the use of this method of control by plant extracts is to avoid the use of insecticides and thus avoid the poisoning of humans, since they do not produce health effects, because the plants from which these active ingredients are extracted , Do not have any kind of counterproductive effect in humans. The intervention with plant extracts, still not widely used, but his investigations are increasing with positive results. So the advantages of this proposal would be: Produce with natural techniques, without causing environmental damage, control naturally, preserving the health of the ecosystem.Item Análisis ecológico de la calidad y cantidad del recurso hídrico para consumo humano en la parroquia San Isidro de Patulú(2017) Aguilar Moncayo, María De Los Ángeles; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalThe objective of this research was to evaluate the management,of the availability and water quality of the Igualata Volcano, for human consumption in San Isidro de Patulú Parish, Cantón Guano, Chimborazo Province, were defined six basic objectives Research, A participatory diagnosis was made that included parents, adolescents, youth and children who expressed their knowledge and appreciation of the moor.To determine the quality of the water was drawn two communities where water samples would be taken, Chocaví Chico and Chocaví Central, the last of these is the largest in the Parish, whose main problem is poor water quality, The results of their analysis were that in Chocaví Chico there is a good management of their sources and their water is suitable for consumption, while in Chocaví Central water can be consumed prior to the installation of an aeration system because it possesses large amounts of iron and phosphates, the water requires maintenance of their pipes and a process of educating their families about healthy habits, it was also necessary to measure the water flows in three communities Chocaví Central, Chocaví Chico, and San Vicente de Igualata, information that was necessary to determine the supply and demand of water resulting in a water deficit in Chocaví Chico and Chocaví Central, while in Igualata having five slopes has the water necessary to meet the needs of its settlers. Finally a proposal was made to solve the problem, which includes the contribution of several institutions that would work in a coordinated way, focusing on the achievement of the planned objectives and thus improve the quality of life of their families.Item Valoración ecológica ambiental del parque provincial la familia de la parroquia Ambatillo del cantón Ambato(2017) Salazar Toro, Rómulo Vladimir; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalThis research work is to determinate the contribution to the environment by means of the Ecological Environment Assessment of the provincial park of the family located in the Ambatillo parish of Ambato city of the Tungurahua province through valuation methodologies such as: Opportunity cost, travel cost, contingent valuation and cost benefit ratio, through the application of visitor surveys, field work and mathematical calculations that give the following data: the cost of opportunity USD 246295,51, travel cost 321572,30, contingent valuation method by determining the DAP 353099.00 us dollars, which give us the VET of USD $ 920966,81 that is allocated as contribution to the Environment. Allowing these values obtained determine the cost benefit ratio of 1.85 that the each American dollar that the Provincial Government uses in conversation of the park under the concept of Administrative Expenditure its return to the valuation of the park is 0.85 US dollars allocated as Environmental contribution and its action in the contribution of the reduction of global warning. Descriptors: Ecological Assessment, Cost Benefit Ratio, Opportunity Cost, Contingent Valuation , Travel Cost, Willingness to pay, Economic ValuationItem Indicadores de sustentabilidad de la Granja Académica Productiva Laguacoto II de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar(2017) Rojas Arellano, Marcelo Remigio; Yánez Yánez, Ángel WilfridoA study on Sustainability Indicators was carried out at the Laguacoto II Productive Academic Farm of the Bolivar State University, for which surveys, interviews and registers were used to all those involved in general, and it was determined that the farms contributed in the Professional training at a high level (90%), does not contribute financially to self-management (95%), must be improved by 95%, it was determined that 70% have economic problems, In addition the respondents emphasize that they are willing to support in this process of sustainable improvement, the main crops are maize, beans and wheat since they are the most relevant and in which research is done, pledges that strengthen not only the academic formation but the generation Of science and technology, reason for which it was planted to realize a sustainable proposal in the farm, Boosting representative crops in the area, yielding a 12% return in terms of internal rate of return, a cost benefit of 1.15 and a net present value of $ 2593.6, proving that the proposal is economically profitable, with An efficient management of resources focused on responsible autonomy.Item Validación de una estrategia en el control de tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) en papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) con las variedades INIAP-libertad, INIAP-cecilia y superchola, en la provincia de Tungurahua(2017) Freire Tenelema, Mayra Alejandra; Cruz Tobar, Saúl EduardoThe following investigation seeks to validate one strategy to control Late Blight (phytophthora infestans) in potatoes (solanum tuberosum l.) in three potato types, INIAP Cecilia, Superchola, Libertad with the aid of the DSS (Decision Support System) through a frequency of application and evaluation of 8-12-15 days to ob-tain the best control strategy to cause less environmental impact. By doing the statistical analysis of the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) it was possible to determine that the potato type Libertad, due to its own characteristics, showed a higher resistance to Late Blight compared to the other potato types. Regarding the Environmental Impact Rating we could determine an important de-crease when applying the DSS compared to the Farmer treatment, which shows, in the case of the Cecilia potato type, a reduction of 85,89%, in Libertad potato type 97,82% and in Super chola potato type 88,87%.Item Extracción de cromo total de la capa arable de los suelos contaminados por carnaza con la aplicación de dos tipos de abono orgánico en el cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris)(2017) Quinapanta Cullpa, Laura Marisol; Ibarra López, Bertha ElizabethThe objective of this investigation was to determine the total chrome concentration of the arable layer of the soils as a consequence of the inadequate use of tannery residuals, by utilizing two types of organic fertilizers: humus soil and compost on a beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop in two doses; where we evaluated: the amount of chrome in the soil, days to fruit emergence, days to flowering period, height of the plant, length of the roots. Through the application of the H2C2 treatment (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; compost 1kg/m2) in a beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop,the amount of chrome in the soil decreased considerably, reporting 29,56mg/Kg, which means a 70,9% reduction of the total amount of chrome present in the soil. Regarding to days to fruit emergence, the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment had better results, showing 8 days to fruit emergence, compared to T witness which was 14 days. In the variable days to flowering period, the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment presented an optimum result, being the earliest by reporting 71 days to flowering period, whereas the T witness presented 89 days. The H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2)treatment showed higher bean plants of 48 cm, while the T witness showed 33 cm in height. By using the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment it was possible to obtain longer roots of 23 cm, while the T witness showed a root length of 10 cm. It is possible to conclude that the use of organic fertilizers: humus soil and compost, reduces the chrome concentration in the soil, and allows for the bean root and fruit development.Item Evaluación del agua de cocción de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) y ceniza de eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus) para el control de polilla (Tecia solanivora) en dos sistemas de almacenamiento de semilla de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en el caserío Rosal(2017) Maldonado Mangui, Inés Liliana; Cruz Tobar, EduardoThe research was carried out with the purpose of measure the effect of the water of cooking of pussy (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) and ash of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) in the control of moth (Tecia solanivora) in the storage of seed of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the farmhouse the Rosal. Is used the design experimental of blocks complete to the random (BCA) in fix factorial 2 by 3 by 2 with four repetitions. The reduction in incidence of attack of moth was achieved through the application of A2D2S1 treatments (pussy 100%, water 50 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram, storage in cellar) and A1D1S1 (pussy 50% water, 25 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram of potato, storage in cellar) with a shared average of 5%. The application of A1D1S1 treatment (50% water pussy, 25 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram, storage in cellar) reported the best control of moth with a percentage of severity of 0.68%, constituting an alternative appropriate control with eco-friendly products at the same time not affecting the environment. Made them analysis statistical is observed that the average of number of outbreaks is greater in those tubers treated with water of pussy and ash of eucalyptus in dose high with a value of 4.04. With regard to the economic analysis, the treatment A1D1S1 (pussy 50% water, 25 grams of eucalypt ash x kilogram, storage in cellar) was the lowest production cost per hectare representing a value of 327.89 dollars, and the one that generated the most B/C ratio 1.65 being the best alternative to be applied in the conservation of potato tubers.Item Calidad sanitaria del material vegetal utilizado como semilla y su relación con la productividad del cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum L.)(2017) Jácome Espinosa, Raúl Fernando; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe objective of this research was to determine the sanitary quality of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) seed that is used for sowing in the province of Tungurahua and its relation with the productivity of the crop, for which a microbiological analysis of two Seed lots identified: Aspergillus niger; Penicillium aurantiogriseum; Penicillium expansum; Penicillium hirsutum; Fusarium roseum; Cladosporium there-cepae; Rhizopus microsporus; Rhizoctonia solani, phytopathogenic strains that test the hypothesis of a seed with poor phytosanitary quality. Another aspect that is analyzed is the existence of pathogens in the soil of the communities that grow garlic. Microbiological analyzes were also carried out on a sample of soil in natural conditions (pajonal) of the area where no pathogenic strains were registered. However, in another sample of a ready-to-grow soil, strains of Fusarium oxysporum were recorded; Phytium sp.; Pyrenochaeta terrestrial; Sclerotium cepivorum; Pseudomonas cepacia, which we presumed were disseminated from neighboring crops through agricultural machinery, tools, irrigation water and wind. In terms of plant parasitic nematodes, species such as Meloidogyne sp.; Pratylenchus sp.; Tylenchus sp. both in soil and seed. As an alternative to combat the aforementioned pathogens, the application of a broth of EMAs (application frequency 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) captured and propagated in the same growing areas (doses of 10, 30 and 50 cc EMAs / Lt water), strains of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis fungi were identified as phytopathogen antagonists in this broth. The effectiveness of the EMA was verified by finding statistically significant differences between all treatments in relation to the controls in both percentage of infected plants and in the yield of the plots, identifying S1D1 and S2D2 with the best results while TS1 and TS2 are the Which show the lowest yields with high incidence of phytopathogens. Descriptors: phytopathogens, phytopathies, EMAs, frequency, doses, antagonists, percentage of infection, productivity.Item Estudio comparativo y manejo de dos sistemas de producción: convencional y limpio en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum)(2017) Escobar Brito, Humberto Bernardo; Valle Velástegui., Edgar LucianoThe present investigation was carried out between October 2015 and January 2016, in the property of Mr. Humberto Escobar, producer of potato for commercialization, located in the canton of Ambato, parish of Augusto N. Martínez, with the purpose of evaluating two production systems: Conventional and clean, in potato cultivation (Solanum tuberosum), using the unique variety. The design of unpaired plots was applied, applying the "t" test to evaluate the variables under study. The main objective of the trial was to determine and document technical, ecological and sociocultural advantages and disadvantages of the systems under study, agronomic response and economic analysis. In the conventional system as well as the clean system a similar response of the culture was obtained in all variables analyzed statistically. As far as the surveys carried out on the students claim that they receive formal instruction on agricultural production systems, producers use mainly synthetic inputs. In both production systems the tubers maintained residual levels below the permitted limits. From the economic point of view both systems are profitable for the local market. Descriptors: conventional and clean production systems, unpaired plots, t-tests, ecological, sociocultural, agronomic response, economic analysis, macronutrient levels, surveys, residuality.Item Efecto de la fertilización orgánica sobre la calidad nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) en el cantón Cevallos(2017) Garcés Pico, Santiago Fernando; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) , fertilized with different organic fertilizers. Using a male bovine of about 120 kg. ruminal degradation in situ MS was determined., using the technique of the nylon bag in the rumen and digestibility. The results show that T4 corresponding to treatment Blend fertilizer has a yield of forage biomass greater than the other treatments (1101.1 kg DM / ha), crude protein T4 treatment corresponding to treatment mix fertilizers has the higher value than the other treatments (12.9). Acid detergent fiber takes its highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure and has the value of (35.65). Contrary to the results of the acid detergent fiber, the fiber neutral detergent has the highest value treatment T1 corresponding to the control (70.23), the potential for Degradation Ruminal Dry Matter, has the highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure (76.7), indicating that the more organic fertilizer nitrogenous contributed to growing Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) the greater the amount of acid detergent fiber result in the ruminal debrability is faster and can include in the diet of bovines improving rumen functions and reducing GHG emissions. Descriptors: organic fertilizers, biomass, nutritional quality, ruminal degradation, digestibility, fertilization, fodder, hens, sheep, pastures.