Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Estudio retrospectivo de las causas de decomiso en la empresa Metropolitana de Rastro agencia Quito durante los años 2022 – 2023(2024-08) Castillo Vargas, Marcelo Gabriel; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadThe present retrospective study of the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. Its main objective was to analyze the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. To achieve this objective, a retrospective study was carried out that involved the analysis of records from the Agency for Phyto and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control, recorded in the Antemortem Inspection form in Slaughterhouses – Cattle, Pigs, Sheep/Goats, Camelids, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits of the Metropolitan Public Company of Rastro Agencia Quito. After analyzing the data collected, it was identified that in the case of cattle, Santo Domingo is the leading region in production, as for pigs, the cities of Pichincha and Cotopaxi were; In the case of sheep, the province of Cotopaxi stood out as the first producer of sheep meat. On the other hand, in the case of cattle, an increase in the percentage of confiscation is observed, going from 42% in 2022 to 45% in 2023. Distomatosis is the main cause of confiscation. For pigs, the percentage of confiscated organs remains high, with a slight increase of 1% in 2023. Liver disorders and ascariasis are the main causes of confiscation. Regarding sheep, a decrease is observed in the percentage of organs confiscated in 2023, although ospagostomiasis remains an important cause of confiscation in both years.Item Evaluación de la calidad de canal bovina y su relación con el manejo ante-mortem en EP – FYPROCAI(2024-08) Velasco Ayala, Hendry Bladimir; Burgos Mayorga, Ana RafaelaThe objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of ante-mortem handling on the characteristics of beef. 278 cattle slaughtered in the EP-FYPROCAI company were evaluated trough daily observations during the months of April and May 2024. The animals were observed from their arrival, they were identified with a code and followed throughout the slaughter process until storage of carcasses. The following variables were taken: live weight, rest area, fasting time, water quality, phenotypic characteristics, live weight, number of falls, vocalizations, use of electric prod, hits with forbidden objects, stunning with a captive bolt, time of stunning to bleeding, pH (45 minutes, 6, 12, and 24 hours), temperature (45 minutes and 12 hours), color was evaluated based on a colorimetry scale, conformation of the carcass based on conformation grades 1-4, carcass weight, and carcass yield was calculated based on live weight and carcass weight data. The results showed that the fasting time was correct, however, the handling trough facilities presented failures due to hits with forbidden objects and excessive use of electric prod, but the number of falls was within the accepted parameter. Sixty nine percent of animals received a correct stunning; 58% had a time of stunning to bleeding of 2-3 minutes; pH at 45 minutes postmortem was 6.93, followed by 6.13 at 6 hours, continuing at 12 hours with a decrease in pH to 5.89, and at 24 hours with a pH of 5.73; 80% of carcasses were considered normal, while 18% of carcasses were considered DFD, and 2% were considered PSE meat. Mean of temperature at 45 minutes was of 31.09°C, while, at 12 hours reached 12.25°C, and at 24 hours reached a temperature of 7.37°C. Sixty six percent of the carcasses were in good conformation. These results reflected that, there was a relationship between ante-mortem variables and the quality of the carcass, therefore, ante-mortem handling did influence the quality of the meat.Item Análisis de las alteraciones anatomopatológicas durante la inspección post mortem en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de la ciudad de Ambato(2023-03) Chonata Naranjo, Andrés Sebastián; Almeida Secaira, Roberto IsmaelThis research was carried out at the Municipal Cold Storage Plant in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua. The research process lasted 2 months (March 28 to May 28, 2022), the field work was based on the examination of anatomopathological lesions in seized viscera belonging to slaughtered cattle. The following results were obtained: as a first point, the anatomopathological findings found with a percentage of 40% of the lesion with more seizures corresponded to the pathology Distomatosis, followed by hepatic abscess with 15%, and Cirrhosis with the remaining 10%. With respect to pulmonary lesions, there were two main ones: hemorrhagic lung with 13% and pulmonary emphysema with 8%, all of them causing seizures in slaughtered cattle. According to the anatomopathological findings recorded, the total number of animals with lesions was classified according to age and sex, placing adult males (bulls) as the sex with more pathologies causing veterinary condemnation, leading the cases of Distomatosis and Hepatic Abscess; with respect to Cirrhosis and Hemorrhagic Lung, adult females (cows) lead the way. Finally, the main territorial areas of origin of the animals with more cases of anatomopathological lesions were determined, which are the reason for confiscation presented in the post-mortem examination of cattle that were slaughtered in the Municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Ambato. The highest number of cases was found in the province of Tungurahua, Píllaro canton, where the cattle with the most lesions come from, accounting for 35% of the totalnumber of cases in the canton to which it belongs.Item Evaluación del bienestar animal en dos plantas de faenamiento municipal en la etapa de insensibilización y post mortem de bovinos sacrificados(2021-04) Aguagallo Cando, Jalmar Joan; Guevara Freire, Deysi AlexandraResearch on animal welfare in slaughter processes has been increasing due to the interest given by the consumer during the purchase. Animal welfare is conceptualized as the comfortable environment in which an animal thrives. In the present study, the aim was to diagnose compliance with basic animal welfare standards during stunning. A sample of 400 cattle was required for each carcass in which indicators of sensitivity were measured during and after stunning. The results of the study were alarming when verifying the return of sensitivity by observation. The indicators studied were rhythmic respiration (Floor A 86.3% and 99.8% on floor B), corneal reflex (Floor A 86.3% and 98.8% on floor B), head and neck elevation (Plant A 76.3% and 98.3% in plant B), tail movement (Plant A 87.3% and 100% in plant B), regurgitation (Plant A 35.3% and 31.5% on floor B) and limb movement (Floor A and B 100%). Thus, the effect of the stun gun as a sacrifice method was also analyzed, precision (Plant A 50.8% and 28.5% in plant B), orientation (Plant A 11.75% and 4.25 % in plant B) and depth of the shot (Plant A 28.5% and 33.5% in plant B). It can be deduced that there is a breach of the animal welfare parameters according to Ley de mataderos, (1996), Temple Grandin, (1998) and the OIE, (2006), (2006), presuming that the possible causes are the inappropriate use of the stunning device, incorrect ergonomic design, limited personnel training, lack of maintenance of the gun, labor fatigue and incorrect design of the knockout box. The study recommends installing improvement actions in the short, medium and long term in order to mitigate the problem and favor animal welfare and the quality of the meat.