Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de una cabina de lijado para el área de pintura de la empresa Ciudad del Auto CIAUTO Cía. Ltda. de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-01) Moya Carranza, Diego Esteban; Correa Jácome, Juan FranciscoThis technical project arises from the need to solve the problem of production flow in the painting area of the company Ciudad del Auto Ciauto Cia Ltda. Due to the expansion in equipment and space, dead times have been generated in the sanding area and it is not possible to meet the quota of daily units that must go through this process. Because of this, it is intended to implement an additional sanding booth in the area that responds to the available space and the direction of the production flow. Initially, the production flow and the space in the painting area were analyzed to assign the area where the sanding booth will be built. Once the area was designated, through an investigation of the operation of a sanding booth, its structure was designed with the corresponding dimensions. Materials and methods of air injection and extraction were selected to take advantage of the space and equipment already installed in the plant. Once the design was approved, the cabin was built in compliance with the parameters established in the design and adapting part of the existing infrastructure. The implementation of the sanding booth represented a considerable improvement in the production flow of the area since the production quota in the sanding area was covered and exceeded. The space where the cabin was built was used to contribute to production by providing tools for the workers in the area.Item Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.Item Análisis de los efectos del airbag del conductor de autobús en colisiones frontales mediante simulación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-08) Acosta Ramón, Diego Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe present thesis work was carried out in order to analyze the effects of the airbag produced in interprovincial bus drivers, for which airbags were located in its structure and later simulations of frontal crashes were carried out using the CEPE R94, RMDB regulation. by EURONCAP and NHTSA put into effect from the year 2020. For the initial stage, the interprovincial bus was selected to model the structural contribution elements using CAD software, later ANSYS LS-DYNA RESEARCH was used for the simulation, where the selection of the airbag and its adequate position was taken into account, the dummy Hybrid III that allowed to measure 8 injury criteria established by the R94 regulation, and the barriers for frontal and oblique impacts given by EURONCAP and NHTSA. Once the necessary elements and parameters were entered into the software, the simulations began, which consist of 4 crashes with and without airbags, one frontal and the other with an oblique phase shift of 15 degrees. Once the simulation was completed, the results were compared and interpreted. With the investigation it was concluded that the use of the airbag is harmful during frontal crashes and that they are not important, because they increase the injuries in the driver, this being verified by obtaining results that exceed the limits given by the criteria of injuries in the dummy of the regulation. R94.Item Análisis técnico y económico de la descarbonización a largo plazo (2010-2050) del sector residencial del Ecuador, usando datos de los impulsores de demanda de energía a una alta resolución espacial y temporal(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Copara Allauca, Dennis Mauricio; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabíánThe purpose of this research was the technical and economic analysis of the longterm decarbonization (2010-2050) of the residential sector in Ecuador, by means of energy demand drivers at a temporal distribution by year (2010-2020) at a high spatial resolution of 1 square kilometer. The drivers were population density, gross domestic product (GDP) and human development index (HDI) of Ecuador. In this study, the method focused on an agent-based integrated assessment model (MBA) was applied. A survey of the residential sector related to energy consumption was used as an instrument to characterize the agents, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to calibrate the spatial data of the drivers of energy demand. The simulation method used is the Modular Energy Systems Simulation Environment (MUSE). Two types of results are presented: the first part focused on the spatial distribution data of population density, gross domestic product, human development index, gross domestic product per capita at a high spatial resolution of 1 square kilometer and annual temporal resolution from 2010 to 2020. In the second part, the results generated by the MUSE simulator were presented, showing: supply, demand, consumption, fuels, capital costs and emissions generated by space heating technology in homes in the residential sector, distributed in 5 income classes. Keywords: Decarbonization, simulation, MBA, GIS, MUSE.Item Diseño de un sistema de bombeo mediante ariete hidráulico para la comunidad “Chilcapamba” del cantón Mocha(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Chicaiza Palacios, Kevin Ernesto; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoIn this technical project a single-impeller ram pump is designed using Krol's mathematical model, each of the parts are modeled according to the calculations previously made. It is based on the available flow of the community of Chilcapamba, taking into account the unevenness of the terrain, the most optimal design is sought. In the design of the pump, maximum pressure values of approximately 0.3 MPa, dynamic pressure of 8.2 Kpa and speed in the impulsion valve of 2.87 m/s were found. The modeling is done in a CAD program, where each of the parts is detailed, especially the discharge valve, after this the simulation of the pump operation is performed in order to corroborate the data calculated analytically, the simulation is carried out with boundary conditions according to your requirement, where the mesh metric had a value of very good with this ensuring valid results and very close to reality. As for results, the most important parameters were simulated where the results of velocity in the valve, dynamic pressure in the valve and maximum pressure in the body of the ram were obtained obtaining values of 0.382 m/s, 8107 Pa and 380453 Pa respectively, also reflects a result where the areas of greater turbulence is observed. These values were compared with those mentioned above by means of a relative error study where values from 0.01 to 0.29 were found. With this it could be observed that 3 of the 4 analyzed values comply with the requirement of having a percentage lower than 0.16 to be validated, while one of them is out of phase, but not considerablyItem Análisis de lesiones producidas en el vuelco de autobuses interprovinciales evaluadas según los criterios del reglamento N 95 de la comisión económica para Europa (CEPE) de las naciones unidas utilizando el modelo computacional antropométrico del maniquí ES-2 mediante el software Ansys Ls-dyna Research(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Niachimba Muñoz, Joselyn Jessenia; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThis work details the modeling process of the truss of an interprovincial bus, using the Ecuadorian technical standard NTE INEN 1668 - Intra-regional, interprovincial and intraprovincial for public passenger transport vehicles. The main purpose is to analyze injuries produced in the rollover of interprovincial buses evaluated according to the Regulation N 95 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). In the initial stage, a diagnosis of the current situation of bus bodies was made, which shows the level of compliance with the requirements of INEN 1323, which refers to the UNECE/ECE R66, which describes that body manufacturers who wish to homologate a bus model must carry out the bus rollover test, to guarantee that the survival space is not invaded. The research concluded that the use of two-point and three-point seat belts gave us similar behavior in the dummies when simulating the rollover of the structure, which demonstrates the importance of using either type, since failure to use them could result in serious damage to passengers.Item Fabricación del mecanismo de conformado de la punta de un tubo hipodérmico usado en un dispositivo mecánico generador de flujo con presión positiva CPAP usado como alternativa en el tratamiento de pacientes con covid-19(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Ramos Freire, Christopher Vicente; Morales Criollo, William Mauricio; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabianWith the development of the mechanism system for shaping the tip of a hypodermic tube, it will allow the manufacture and adaptation of this fundamental internal element of the respirator, consequently it will help to reduce the time of elaboration and assembly of the same. The methodology of this technical project begins with an evaluation of the information provided by the Mercedes AMG company and the UCL. For the design of the deformation mechanism of hypodermic tubes, SolidWorks software was used, while ANSYS software was used for simulation, in which an analysis of the machine's infrastructure was carried out to determine that there is no overstress and that it may cause failures; likewise, an impact analysis was carried out in a specific contact region, between the tip and the hypodermic tube, based on a height of fall of an element (weight), in order to determine the deformation of the tube. Finally, the construction of the machine was executed. Functional tests were carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, where results of 1.31 mm (average value) of deformation of the hypodermic tube were obtained, tests that were adapted with the simulations carried out, resulting in a correct operation of the mechanism.Item Análisis del flujo de fluidos en un dispositivo mecánico generador de flujo con presión positiva (CPAP) usado como alternativa en el tratamiento de pacientes con covid 19 mediante fluidodinámica computacional CFD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Mamarandi Ángulo, Kevin Xavier; Vargas Pacheco, Lisbeth Alejandra; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis research aims to be a solution to the health problem that is occurring nationally and globally, due to the pandemic caused by covid-19, which has caused millions of deaths; thus, a CPAP device called "UCL Ventura CPAP" was developed in the United Kingdom, which is the starting point of the research work. A redesign of the device was carried out using Ansys Fluent software, in which the internal behavior of the device was analyzed to obtain the best operating conditions and also to optimize resources in the final manufacture, but without affecting the correct performance of the device. Once the results of the redesign in Ansys Fluent were satisfactory, the first physical prototype was made in Nylon, which was helpful to take several data that will serve for the comparison of results; then, after correcting the errors in the initial prototype, the final prototype was built in Polyacetal which is a medical grade material. Subsequently, performance tests on a test bench validated the physical prototype with the results obtained in the computational analysis, thus the new device met the performance requirements. The new device proved to be reliable and the results of the performance tests showed that the device will be able to work under the conditions required by the patients, always delivering the correct amount of oxygen.Item Análisis de la combustión de un quemador de gas tipo Venturi con premezcla del Laboratorio de Energía de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica utilizando simulación CFD mediante el software ANSYS Fluent(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Quinga Hernández, Jefferson Xavier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlIn this experimental work the combustion process of the Venturi Burner of the Energy Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering is analyzed by means of CFD simulation using the finite volumes method, from a 3D model in CAD software, with volume extraction for mesh discretization, a 2D external domain was finally generated for flame simulation. It was carried out in three stages, in which the first is the generation of mesh geometry and discretization, this was evaluated with the Skewness method, in the second stage the simulations are performed according to different input conditions. The third stage comprises the validation of results. The mesh metric results were values close to zero, suitable for the simulations. High efficiency values were obtained as the speed of the outside air increases, these results are validated with a flame intake using thermography. The shape of the flame was compared, reaching relative errors of less than five percent in terms of isotherm areas. In terms of perimeters and lengths, the error value increased to a value close to ten percent. The maximum temperature reached in the combustion process was from 900 to 1044 Kelvin degrees, where the best efficiency was reached with an isotherm area of 700 Kelvin degrees of 0.047 square meters corresponding to a length of 0.64 meters and a composition air gas from 47 to 53 at the beginning of the mixing zone with a relative position x equal to 0.085 meters.Item Diseño de la estructura del autobus interprovincial modelo IM9 sobre chasis Mercedes Benz 0500 RS 1836 de Miral Autobuses en base a la seguridad al vuelco(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Atacusí Hidalgo, Braulio Patricio; Arroba Arroba, Cesar HernánIn our country, there are some problems in the coach sector related to the manufacture of buses, among which are high weight and low resistance to rollover, which has resulted in high mortality rates in traffic accidents. Taking as reference previous studies, based on research carried out worldwide, national and international regulations, the current structure of the bus for interprovincial service IM9 on Mercedes Benz O500 RS 1836 chassis of Miral Autobuses, was based on the theory and the finite element method with the analysis software Ansys, which was validated by a physical rollover test of the most critical section of the structure in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 66 of the United Nations, the structure was modified with the material that the company currently uses, identifying oversized segments, by varying the thickness, its weight was reduced without forgetting rollover resistance, reliable results were achieved to ensure the quality and safety of the products manufactured by Miral Autobuses. It was determined by an adequate design, at specific points of the bus structure reducing its weight always keeping in mind the most important aspect, the conservation of lives, which translates into the fact that the passenger survival zone is never invaded during a rollover accident. After having done the research, it is recommended to work on composite materials for the body components, which can reduce weight in order to be more competitive in comparison to other bus body builders that are selling its products in our country, in the future, we will sell our buses in international markets.