Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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RELACIÓN TSH-FT4 COMO HERRAMIENTA DIAGNÓSTICA PARA DETECCIÓN TEMPRANA DE ALTERACIONES TIROIDEAS EN NIÑOS CON DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA DEL CS. GUANO.
(2026-07-02)
Pilco Colcha, Brithney Valeria
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Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
The most important public health problem continues to be chronic childhood malnutrition, due to its consequences on growth, neurological development, and metabolic function. Thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of growth and energy homeostasis, and in this sense nutritional changes can significantly affect the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and thyroid function in children with chronic malnutrition at the Guano Type B Health Center. A quantitative study was carried out, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design. The population was made up of children diagnosed with chronic malnutrition, in whom anthropometric variables were evaluated using the Z-score, and the corresponding hormonal parameters of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3). For statistical analysis, non-parametric tests were used, specifically the Spearman correlation test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that 50.7% of the participants showed some type of alteration in thyroid function. The most frequent finding was a biochemical profile compatible with overt hypothyroidism, with a prevalence of 33.3%. It was found that the Z-score was negatively correlated with TSH (p=-0.372; p=0.002) and positively with FT4 (p=0.364; p=0.002) and FT3 (p=0.337; p=0.005), suggesting that as nutritional status worsens, TSH Tises and free thyroid hormones decrease. Severely malnourished children also had significantly higher TSH concentrations and significantly lower FT4 and FT3 levels compared to moderately malnourished children (p<0.05). It is concluded that in children with chronic malnutrition there is a significant association between nutritional status and thyroid function. Worsening malnutrition is associated with progressive alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that are evidenced by a compensatory increase in TSH and a decrease in FT4 and FT3. These findings highlight the importance of integrating endocrine evaluation into the comprehensive management ofchildren with chronic malnutrition, particularly in those with severe forms ofnutritional compromise.
ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO COGNITIVO EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL CANTÓN SAN PEDRO DE PELILEO
(2026-06-24)
Montoya Pérez, Quimberly Miruye
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Galarza Esparza, William Bayardo
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
The general purpose of this research study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status, as measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool, and cognitive functioning, as assessed using the Pfeiffer questionnaire, in older adults living in the parish of García Moreno in the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo. To this end, a quantitative study with a non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational design was developed, applying simple random sampling to select 75 participants from the rural area, who were given the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire to evaluate their nutritional status. In addition, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were taken to complement the assessment. A brief neurological test was also administered, with the final results showing a very high prevalence of low weight, affecting 72% of the sample, in addition to identifying mild and moderate mental impairment in more than half of the respondents. After applying the chi-square statistical test, it was concluded that there is definitely no direct link between caloric deficit and loss of intellectual abilities in this specific population. Therefore, local medical authorities are advised to establish community dietary assistance plans along with periodic neurological assessments, finally recommending that future researchers expand the number of people evaluated to other surrounding sectors, incorporating new sociodemographic variables to obtain a much broader picture of this health problem.
CALIDAD NUTRITIVA DE LOS ALIMENTOS QUE SE EXPENDEN DEL BAR ESCOLAR EN RELACIÓN AL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LOS NIÑOS DE UNA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA
(2026-06-24)
Reyes Villegas, Camila Elizabetl
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Bonilla Veloz, Silvia Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
This study aimed to analyze food consumption in school cafeterias and its association with the nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years at a school in the Ambato canton. A quantitative approach combining applied, descriptive, and correlational methods was used. The research included 32 students who met predetermined selection criteria using simple random probability sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using the criteria established by the WHO (2007), applying measurements of weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The caloric value of the food offered in the school cafeteria was estimated through direct observation and the use of food composition tables from the University of San Francisco de Quito. The results indicate that the majority of students (78%) have a normal BMI, while 19% are overweight and 3% are obese. Furthermore, 25% of students consumed meals containing up to 700 kcal in a single sitting, while these meals represented between 32% and 44% of their estimated daily caloric needs (1600-2200 kcal). The study results showed that 81.3% of participants consumed meals from the school cafeteria, directly linking their eating habits to their body mass index (p = 0.004). The research demonstrates that the quality and energy content of school cafeteria food directly impact student nutrition, necessitating improved monitoring and promotion of healthy eating habits in schools.
EVALUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y DESEMPEÑO ACADÉMICO DE LOS NIÑOS DE UNA ESCUELA RURAL DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA
(2026-06-23)
Pérez Jordán, Giovanna Elizabeth
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Guevara Villacis, Mishelts Vanessa
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
The objective of this research was to evaluate the correlation between nutritional status, assessed using anthropometric indicators, and academic performance, determined based on school grades, in children from a rural school in the parish of Santa Rosa. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted. The population consisted of 86 elementary school students between the ages of 8 and 11. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring weight and height, from which body mass index (BMI) was calculated and interpreted according to the growth curves established by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health. Academic performance was obtained from grades in core subjects. To analyze the relationship between the variables, the Chi-square statistical test was applied, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 77.9% of students had a normal nutritional status, while 17.4% were overweight and 4.7% had some degree of malnutrition. In terms of academic performance, the largest proportion of students were in category B+, reflecting a favorable overall academic performance. In conclusion, the findings indicate that, in the population studied, there is no statistically significant correlation between nutritional status and academic performance. However, the results suggest that adequate nutritional status could be associated with better school performance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen nutritional monitoring and food education initiatives in rural schools in order to contribute to the comprehensive development of children.
REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES Y ELABORACIÓN DE UNA GUÍA ALIMENTARIA PARA ADULTOS CON ENFERMEDAD
(2026-06-23)
Flores Flores, Theanni Antonella
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Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered when genetically predisposed individuals consume gluten, a protein found in cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye. Its ingestion causes damage to the mucosa of the small intestine and interferes with proper nutrient absorption, which may lead to various nutritional complications. For this reason, the main treatment consists of maintaining a strict gluten-free diet, considered the fundamental pillar in the management of the disease. In this context, the present study was developed through a systematic review of recent scientific literature with the aim of analyzing the nutritional requirements, nutritional status, and dietary recommendations for adults with celiac disease. The search was conducted in scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Hospital Nutrition, and Web of Science. A total of 320 articles were identified, which were evaluated and refined following the PRISMA methodology guidelines to select the most relevant studies and remove duplicate records. Based on the scientific evidence collected, a dietary guide for adults with celiac disease was developed, including recommendations to promote a balanced gluten-free diet to improve their nutritional status and contribute to a better quality of life.
FRECUENCIA ALIMENTARIA Y RIESGO NUTRICIONAL EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA ATAHUALPA
(2026-06-18)
López Mayorga, Dayana Nicole
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Álvarez Córdova, Verónica Maribel
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Introduction: Population aging presents a public health challenge due to the increased nutritional risk in older adults. The physiological, social, and dietary changes characteristic of this stage of life can lead to malnutrition, both from deficiency and excess. Assessing food frequency allows for the identification of consumption patterns associated with nutritional status and guides preventive strategies at the community level. Objective: To evaluate food frequency in older adults in the Atahualpa parish and its relationship to nutritional risk. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, analytical, and crosssectional study with the aim of analyzing the relationship between food frequency and nutritional risk in older adults was conducted with 60 adults aged 65 years and older using census sampling. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a 24-hour dietary recall, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were administered. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, body mass index, and mid-upper arm and calf circumference were taken. The data were statistically analyzed to establish associations between dietary frequency and nutritional risk. Results: 63.3% of the sample was female, and the average age was 76.1 years. According to BMI, 36.7% were overweight and 23.3% were underweight. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 51.7% showed risk of malnutrition and 30.0% showed established malnutrition. Frequent consumption of dairy products and meat was observed, while fish, nuts, and legumes were consumed infrequently. Lower protein and fluid intake was associated with a higher proportion of malnutrition. Conclusions: Inadequate dietary frequency is related to a high nutritional risk in older adults in the Atahualpa parish. Identifying consumption patterns allows for guiding community interventions aimed at improving diet quality and preventing complications associated with malnutrition.
EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS EN LOS ADULTOS MAYORES
(2026-06-18)
Castro Amaluisa, Camila Soledad
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Llangari Zurita, Mirian Isabel
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
The research entitled “NUTRITIONAL STATE ASSESSMENT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN OLDER ADULTS” aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and associated factors among older adults in the Huachi Grande parish. Its objectives were to identify nutritional status through anthropometric indicators, determine the association between cognitive and emotional factors with nutritional status and assess the influence of economic level. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 40 participants. The assessment included BMI, the application of the MNA and the measurement of calf and arm circumference. Instruments such as the Pfeiffer questionnaire (cognitive impairment), Yesavage scale (depression), and Graffar scale (economic level). The results showed a risk of malnutrition in both genders, with a higher proportion in women. Regarding associated factors, 42.5% of participants did not present depression and 25.0% presented established depression, showing a heterogeneous distribution across nutritional status categories. Concerning cognitive impairment, normal nutritional status predominated among participants with preserved cognitive function. Regarding socioeconomic level, 15.0% presented malnutrition and 10.0% showed normal nutritional status, with risk predominating in the lower-middle socioeconomic class. It is concluded that nutritional assessment in older adults is essential to identify the risk of malnutrition and to strengthen strategies aimed at improving their quality of life.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y NIVEL DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA HUAMBALÓ, CANTÓN PELILEO
(2026-06-18)
Aguirre Vacacela, Max Steeven
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Solorzano Gaibor, Diego Sebastián
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
For health systems, population aging presents a significant challenge, especially regarding nutrition and access to adequate food. Within this context, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and food security levels in older adults in the Huambaló parish, Pelileo canton. The study was descriptive and correlational, observational, non-experimental, and crosssectional. The population consisted of 40 older adults residing in the Huambaló parish. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status, while the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) was used to determine food security levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the chi-square (χ²) test was applied with a significance level of α = 0.05 to determine the relationship between the study variables. Older adults between 60 and 89 years of age had a higher proportion of participants, along with a predominance of females in the results. On the other hand, different categories were identified regarding nutritional status, with a predominance of older adults with normal nutritional status and overweight. Regarding food security, a greater presence of households with moderate food insecurity was observed, followed by mild and severe food insecurity, while few participants reported food security. The chi-square test indicated a p-value of 0.868, demonstrating that there is no statistically significant relationship between nutritional status and food security in the studied population. In conclusion, no statistically significant association was found with nutritional status, despite the identification of different levels of food insecurity in the population, suggesting the influence of other factors related to aging and health conditions.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAF UERZA PRENSIL EN ADULTOS MAYORES Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON EL NIVEL DE DEMANDA FÍSICA DE LAS ACTIVIDADES OCUPACIONALES
(2026-01-28)
Haro Fonseca, Juan Sebastian
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Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia
The purpose of this research was to assess handgrip strength and determine the level of physical demand of occupational activities performed by older adults attending the Senior Citizen Center of San José de Poaló parish. A correlational, quantitative, crosssectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 30 older adults aged 65 to 82 years, with a mean age of 73.5 ± 4.51 years, who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Handgrip strength was measured using a Jamar-type dynamometer, a reliable and valid instrument (ICC = 0.85–0.97). The physical demand of previous occupations was retrospectively classified as low, medium, or high using the ISCO-08 questionnaire, which facilitated the association between lifelong occupational activity and current handgrip strength. Results showed a balanced distribution by sex, age, and occupational diversity. More than half of the participants (53.4%) presented excess body weight (36.7% overweight and 16.7% obese), representing the main nutritional problem identified. Mean handgrip strength was 276.7 ± 79.6 N, revealing marked variability: some individuals maintained excellent functional capacity, while others exhibited values close to frailty cut-off points. According to the ISCO-08 classification, high physical demand occupations corresponded exclusively to farmers and livestock keepers, whereas low-demand occupations were concentrated in officebased and liberal professions. Normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov with Lilliefors correction and Shapiro-Wilk) confirmed that the demand variable did not follow a normal distribution (p < 0.001). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis yielded a very strong positive and statistically significant correlation (Rho = 0.807; p < 0.001) between lifelong occupational physical demand and current handgrip strength. These findings led to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (H1), concluding that the type and physical demand of occupations performed throughout life, particularly before age 60, constitute a direct protective factor for preserving grip strength in old age.
COMPARACIÓN DE ÍNDICES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS CON RELACIÓN A LOS NIVELES DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
(2025-10-06)
Valdez López, Alison Gabriela
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Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Anthropometric indices are essential for determining risks associated with malnutrition, whether due to weight deficit or excess, and promote well-being strategies depending on physical activity. This study analyzed the relationship between anthropometric indices: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the level of physical activity in 646 students from the Technical University of Ambato, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that BMI was the most affected by physical activity, presenting a significant correlation with moderate physical activity (P < 0.05), indicating normal values in participants. Light physical activity was positively associated with BMI and WHtR (P < 0.05), indicating that students with low physical activity had higher values in these anthropometric indices. Vigorous activity was associated with WHR (P < 0.05) but did not show a clear effect on BMI and WHtR. In conclusion, anthropometric indices are sensitive to physical activity and vary depending on the intensity and type of exercise. Promoting adequate physical activity is essential to improving body composition and nutritional status.

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