Tesis Ingeniería Industrial

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Riesgos mecánicos en el taller de mantenimiento de la empresa de trasporte pesado José Ocaña Mayorga S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Paredes Sánchez, Cristhian Alex; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
In the work performed in maintenance workshops, especially in those where there is the existence of heavy load vehicles, there are different types of risks to which workers are subjected. One of the risks that is prevalent and of particular interest are the mechanical hazards, this is due to the use of tools and tasks in confined situations in the vehicles. Thus, this research project focuses on the analysis of the mechanical risks present in the maintenance workshop of the heavy transport company "José Ocaña Mayorga S.A.". Through an observation-based methodology and the use of arrays to record the information, the activities of all the workstations present in the workshop were identified. Likewise, an initial analysis was carried out by means of checklists to identify the mechanical risk factors due to the safety conditions of the facility. Subsequently, using the Colombian Technical Guide 45 (GTC-45), the mechanical risk factors derived from the activities of the maintenance shop workers were identified and evaluated, which resulted in a total of 424 mechanical risks associated with the workers' activities, with the following factors being found as intolerable: falls to different levels and important: handling of equipment or tools, entrapment by or between objects, entanglement or collision by vehicles, and falling objects due to collapse. Consequently, an action guide was developed to control the most critical risk factors, based on the Technical Prevention Standards of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which will enable workers to perform maintenance activities in safer conditions.
Distribución de instalaciones para la mejora del sistema de almacenamiento en la bodega de materias primas de la empresa de calzado Gamo´s
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Calderón Castillo, Washington Alfonso; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
The problem arises from the need to have a distribution of facilities that provides adequate spaces, properly distributed areas and a storage system according to the requirements of the company, since the current distribution of facilities is not adequate and generates problems in the logistic processes of storage. For the development of the project, the methodology of logistics diagnosis of warehouses and distribution centers was used to identify the current conditions of the warehouse, obtaining as a result deficiencies in floor quality, lack of loading-unloading docks, inadequate distance between aisles and lack of indicators, triggering problems in the processes of reception, storage and dispatch of raw materials, likewise, a categorization of products was made based on the level of consumption and analyzing the criticality of raw materials, identifying the most critical materials thanks to the use of tools such as: ABC, BOM and criticality matrix. On the other hand, the PRISMA methodology was used to obtain applicative criteria related to storage principles and distribution techniques that allowed the design of a new distribution of facilities with which a reduction of about 3,000 meters is foreseen, limiting internal movements by applying a heuristic allocation method. The estimated investment for the implementation is US$59.758,56 and an annual saving of US$1.779,32 is estimated, which represents 2.98% of the total investment, allowing a recovery of the investment in 33,6 months. Finally, the results are corroborated through the simulation of the storage logistics processes using FlexSim software.
Riesgos ergonómicos por posturas forzadas y movimientos repetitivos para un sector de la industria de fabricación de bloques en el proceso de prensado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Toaquiza Ilaquiche, Leonardo Javier; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The handmade manufacture of blocks is associated with ergonomic hazards that affect the health of workers, for this reason, the research focused on the identification and assessment of ergonomic risks due to forced postures, repetitive movements and pushing loads for the subsequent presentation of corrective actions. The research was carried out based on the Risk Management methodology applied to 10 artisan blockmakers for which 24 people were involved. After the field visits and the recognition of 3 workstations, and 35 tasks, the ergonomic hazards associated with each task were identified using the cards adapted from the ISO TR 12295:2014 technical report; the estimation using the binary method matrix determined that 74% of the tasks present a moderate risk level, while 26% present a tolerable risk level. The risk assessment for awkward postures using the REBA method showed a prevalence of high risk level, while the risk assessment for repetitive movements using the Check List OCRA method showed a variation of risk level between acceptable and unacceptable high depending on the work organization system. Finally, the level of risk from pushing loads using the method proposed by NOM-036-STPS-1-2018. Appendix II, showed a prevalence of medium possible risk level. The study concludes that there is a need to implement procedures to improve workplace conditions and to train workers
Gestión de inventarios para mejorar el control interno de materiales en la empresa “Saibe Construcciones”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Salinas Oñate, Christian Emmanuel; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
An inventory management model application makes it possible to maintain materials and equipment available in the right place and at the right time, which is essential to maximize the expected profits of any company, much more so for a construction company that works continuously with large quantities of materials, so SAIBE CONSTRUCCIONES has considered appropriate the application of an inventory management model that reduces the costs inherent to them. For model aplication, the last project carried out in the company, which was the construction of a house, was selected as the basis. Initially, used materials were classified by applying a Pareto diagram (also called ABC) that divides them into 3 categories that allow identifying the ones that represent the greatest amount in economic terms, so that they are the objective of the study. In A category, the economic order quantity (EOQ) model was applied, which allowed determining the number of orders to be placed and the quantity that these should have to minimize storage and order costs. For B and C categories, it was suggested to only place one order with all needed materials at the start of the project or the stage of construction where they will be used; as a result, when comparing total inventory costs for traditional method and using proposed models, an overall savings of $567,71, equal 12,47% of traditional cost, was obtained, demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed methods. The proposal also includes the use of a maritime container as a temporary warehouse for materials that can be reused in each of the company's projects. By comparing these costs to those of the current method, which entails building these storage facilities for each project, an annual savings of $1292,16 was calculated. Proposal will make it possible to ensure effective resources management, which will enable the company to focus on the best possible development of its work while maintaining customers satisfaction and bringing it one step closer to establishing itself as one of the nation's most reliable and efficient builders.
Riesgos ergonómicos en los puestos de trabajo del personal del Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales “15 de agosto”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Salinas Acosta, Pamela Michelle; Tigre Ortega, Franklin
Nowadays, the different work activities carried out by office workers have increased as well as the relevance of Occupational Health. The uncomfortable postures that workers maintain during their workday can be detrimental to the musculoskeletal system. Similarly, those who work in vehicles are also exposed to ergonomic risks due to forced and monotonous postures. These risk situations can cause pain, discomfort or injuries that can be mild or severe. Therefore, the present research work developed an evaluation of the level of ergonomic risk in each workstation of Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales "15 de Agosto". These evaluations were carried out using the ROSA Method for the office workstations, while the REBA Method was applied for the driving instructors, who work in the Institution's vehicles, and for the doorman. The result of these evaluations was that 100% of the office jobs require action as soon as possible. On the other hand, in the case of driving instructors, 66.67% of the risk level to which they are exposed is low, so that no action is required. While in only 16.66%, action is necessary, although not as soon as possible. Finally, for the janitor, the result was that action is necessary as soon as possible due to the fact that his risk level is high. Therefore, as a proposed solution, a program of active breaks was developed, which is recommended to be carried out at least twice per working day or every 2 hours. In addition, a proposal for the characteristics that office elements should have, their proper use and postures to be adopted by office workers. The guide to good postures in the vehicle details the location of the vehicle elements and the appropriate postures.
Riesgo ergonómico -psicosocial en los trabajadores de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito “Oscus” Ltda. Edificio Matriz
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Silva Mera, María Celina; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The increasing labor development, causes that nowadays financial institutions are immersed in the problems derived from psychosocial risks, generating different inconveniences in the worker's health, such is the case of musculoskeletal disorders, which are caused by the mental stress of labor activities, triggering an increase in muscular tension. This project was developed under a bibliographic type of research modality, since resources such as books, academic articles, among others, were used. Field, because the data were collected in the institution and applied, since the knowledge is related to the Industrial Engineering career. The research began with the identification of psychosocial risk factors, obtaining a total of 6 among the most critical. In the risk estimation it was found that most of the factors were between moderate and important. For the risk assessment it was determined that 6 psychosocial dimensions are in unfavorable and intermediate situation. The body areas that cause the most problems were also determined, with the neck being the main one with 82.9% of the respondents. Subsequently, the associativity of psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort was evaluated by means of the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, obtaining that there is a direct relationship between 14 psychosocial dimensions and the 5 different body areas. These formed a list of 34 specific relationships. From this list, the neck predominates (38.24%) in the body zones, and as for the psychosocial dimensions, Quality of leadership (14.71%) predominates, followed by Emotional demands, Demands to hide emotions, Social support from peers and Group feeling. The remaining ones have lower percentages. Finally, a control proposal was put forward to improve the current working conditions and provide an adequate working environment for the workers.
Confort térmico en el ambiente laboral del edificio centro del GAD Municipalidad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Jiménez Gamboa, David Alberto; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The present investigative study is the evaluation of the thermal comfort in the areas with more risks of the GADMA Center Building. To analyze the current working conditions, observation and identification matrices and a survey with questions based on ISO 10551 AENOR 2002 are used, with which it is possible to identify which are the areas with the highest risk. The Fanger method (NTP 074) is used, it allows to evaluate the temperature, taking into account the temperature levels, work clothes and the metabolic rate, all of this to calculate the estimated average voting index (PMV) and the percentage of people who are dissatisfied (PPD), these data are compared with values recommended by executive decree 2393 and the UNEEN ISO 7730/2006 standard. The measurements are made using the Delta Ohm HD 32.3 equipment, with the Delta Log 10 software the calculations are developed following the measurement strategies proposed in the NTP 387, since an improvement proposal is made that can be implemented in real life. The PMV index indicates the thermal perception of the workers with a scale of 7 levels (+3 and -3), the work areas with the highest risk are not within the established range, it presents 7 jobs that represent 33% of The 21 jobs analyzed present a neutral thermal sensation, which indicates that the thermal conditions are acceptable (-1≤PMV≤0), 12 jobs, corresponding to 57%, present a slightly cold sensation (-2≤PMV≤-1). ) and 10% corresponding to 2 positions have a warm sensation (3≥PMV≥2), concluding that there is THERMAL DISCOMFORT due to heat and cold.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para la mejora de la producción en la empresa textil Ram Jeans
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Alba Paredes, Bladimir Santiago; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
Time and motion study is a tool that, when implemented, provides benefits such as the reduction of execution times of the activities and the increase in production in the areas of industrial manufacturing, basis that characterizes this methodology is the elimination of waste and increase production, considering that into organizations problems occur frequently and activities flow tends to be interrupted, that’s why it is necessary to standardize and reduce waste generated. The textile company "Ram Jeans" that is dedicated to the industrial production of jean pants, saw fit to improve the deficiencies that it has regarding disorder, poor control of waste, times, waiting, interruptions, transportation and unnecessary movements that are restrictions for the productivity. This research project objective of proposing lean manufacturing tools and an improvement plan for company's production benefit, reducing waste, which after analysis was identified as: waiting, unnecessary transport and inventories. Collection of information with surveys application, interviews and the study of times as a first analysis, established the current productive situation, areas, threads, activities, resources, etc., later the diagrams and manufacturing tools helped to identify activities that restrict the flow of the process and the production capacity in the company. To recognize the waste of the manufacturing process, VSM map was applied, through this tool the information corresponding to the activities that add and those that do not add value was obtained, in addition, operational tools were applied to improve the performance of the company. SMED implemented the reduction of times regarding waiting and unnecessary transport, 5S methodology maintained order and cleanliness of the workstations. Reduction of times in clothing area had a decrease from 7.1 minutes to 5.03 minutes, which is equivalent to an improvement of 29.15%, in addition, its production capacity increased from 1,248 u/month to a production of 1,440 u/month, equivalent to an improvement of 13.33% complying with the proposal to improve production.
Análisis de los niveles de desperdicio desde la perspectiva de lean manufacturing en la empresa Renova
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Freire Guevara, Jonathan Santiago; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
This research project is based on classic Lean Manufacturing wastes analysis that are present in production processes at RENOVA Company and is focused on proposing an action plan through Lean Manufacturing philosophy tools and methodologies application contemplated in a manual that allows the resources optimization, achieving a better productive flow and greater efficiency in the products delivery to final customer. From sales history between January and October of 2022 and through an ABC analysis the most profitable product was known, on which the information gathering of existing processes was carried out and later a time study was developed for the current VSM trace that allowed to determine initial production plant situation, where the present wastes were known as: defects of which 44% were associated to the machine factor and 56% to the human factor; reprocesses with a higher incidence of stitch jumps with 23.44% compared to the other causes; unnecessary movements by the warehouse and docking operator adding a total of 52.53% of unproductive time; waits mostly in the warehouse for finished product with 67.25% and inventory where a total of 240 garments were detected in season at the end of November. Through a cause analysis, improvement opportunities were established for each identified waste, which were complemented by a literature review of the advantages and contributions of each tool for its subsequent selection, resulting in the following methodologies: JIDOKA, TPM, APU and HEIJUNKA. By tools applying, a reduction in defects per unit percentage is established, an increase in the overall efficiency index of the equipment of 40.94%, a reduction of displaced meters of 72.86%, and finally, the elimination of waits and inventories by producing what is necessary in required time which brings an improvement of 77.27% in product delivery days to the final customer.
Modelo de gestión por procesos para la empresa de lavado y tinturado de jeans “Dayantex”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Culqui Rodríguez, Mónica Fernanda; Guachimbosa Villalba, Víctor Hugo
This research project proposes a Process Management Model for the jeans washing and dyeing company "DAYANTEX". Where, it was evidenced that the main problem presented by the organization is the lack of coordination, standardization, and control with respect to the execution of activities for the development of operational processes; This is mainly because, mainly, the operators do not have a documentation system where the operations, processes, and procedures that must be carried out are justified, resulting in the generation of unproductive times, execution of tasks empirically, delays in delivery times. , ignorance of responsibilities, and lack of compliance with customer requirements. In this regard, an analysis of the initial situation of the company has been carried out through direct observation, the process methodology, and the application of an unstructured interview with the general manager, which resulted in the identification of the 5 products that the company puts at the service of the community; In addition, the one that is considered to be in greatest demand was delimited based on an ABC analysis. Next, a recognition of the main processes that are developed in the company was carried out, which were reflected through the process map. Regarding the operational processes, the information was collected through the management tools, which were process sheets that describe the elements that make up the production, flow charts, synoptics, and analytics; likewise, control indicators and a study of times that establishes the standard time of the development of the processes were specified. Ultimately, process and procedure manuals were designed, which will make it possible to provide an improvement proposal to the organization, demonstrating in a structured way each of the guidelines that must be considered to optimize operations and guarantee the standardization of processes
Plan de mantenimiento preventivo para la maquinaria pesada y vehículos livianos del gobierno autónomo descentralizado municipal del cantón San Cristóbal de Patate
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Centeno Guevara, Darío Javier; Urrutia, Fernando
The present research work has been developed taking into consideration the needs of the public institution GADM Patate, focusing on heavy machinery and light vehicles of the automotive park of the institution, in order to provide a practical tool for the performance of maintenance activities within the mechanical workshop that allows to improve the availability of equipment for the development of field work of both heavy machinery and light vehicles and therefore also extend the useful life of the same. As a starting point of the research project, once the data processing of the history of the mechanical workshop of each machinery and light vehicle has been carried out, the calculation of maintenance indicators such as the average time between failures, average repair time, failure rate, stop rate and availability has been carried out, which as a starting point allows to know the current status of each unit of heavy machinery and light vehicle of the GADM Patate automotive park. To determine which mechanical components are more likely to suffer failures or damage, the modal analysis of failures and effects (AMFE) has been carried out, endorsed by the NTP 679, which indicates within its content the guidelines for the application of this methodology in equipment. The critical components have been characterized by calculating the risk priority index, the norm mentions that the components assigned with a rating greater than 100 will be considered critical and intervention or prevention actions must be taken. The maintenance plan is made up of a maintenance log where the preventive maintenance activities are detailed considering the critical and main components that make up the heavy machinery and light vehicles, within the maintenance log the machine, systems, components, maintenance activities, frequency in which the activities should be carried out are also detailed. In this way, maintenance tasks have been scheduled for one year of operation, all this in order to improve availability and keep machinery and vehicles in good condition
Plan de emergencia contra incendios para la empresa maderas Guerrero
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Ortega Núñez, David Fernando; Jordán Hidalgo, Edisson Patricio
The non-existence of the identification of vulnerable areas in the face of a risk factor, the lack of procedures, protocols to act and respond to an emergency it leads to a deficiency in the safety of personnel before an adverse event. The investigation was based on the analysis of the company's facilities and personnel, in relation to the production plant , place where the fire emergency plan was carried out, same that comprises the phases of: identification of the areas of vulnerability through the collection the information of the production processes, equipment, raw material and materials used, so that it allows to determine the vulnerable areas before a fire; fire risk assessment through the application of the Gretener and Meseri methods, with which the risk level of the studied areas is established and with this, establish intervention and action protocols in the event of an emergency, lastly, for the validation of the emergency plan against fire in the company's facilities, the drill is carried out to determine the response of the personnel in an emergency and the time of performance of the internal teams of the company and external aid organizations. Finally, the results obtained in the evaluation for fire risk demostrate that the company in its production plant, through the evaluation of the Meseri Method whose value is 4.68, is considered an unacceptable fire risk, in the same way with the evaluation of the Gretener method, a value of 0.33 is obtained confirming the unacceptable risk in the company, so it is necessary to implement and complement fire fighting equipment, to improve control effectiveness of control and minimize the risk of fire.
Sistema de gestión por procesos en la empresa Servicarton Cia. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Morales Gallardo, John Andres; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
This research bases a Process Management System as an improvement proposal for Servicarton Cia. Ltda. production system, which manufactures corrugated and microcorrugated cardboard, offering various products, main objective of this system is to improve production process through standardization and documentation of its processes in order to increase productivity and efficiency in their activities execution.Information gathering of processes and determination of company current situation was done through direct observation and an interview with production manager,through them it was defined that company maintains a traditional organization, besides they don't have a system that control all processes, what causes disorganization in the staff, unproductive times and inefficiency in the operations execution. Analyzing found problems in the company, a management system focused on processes is established, therefore, initially, the processes executed for products with the highest demand manufacture were identified and classified., according to ABC analysis of products marketed in company, which were reflected in process map. Analytical and synoptic flowcharts were drawn up for each of the operating processes in order to present in a didactic and detailed way the flow of operations as part of the standardization process, and indicators were established to evaluate processes performance and thus maintain their continuous improvement.Finally, a processes and procedures manual was designed, which will serve as a guide for orientation and training of staff, maintaining a standardized structure for activities execution, besides it has records in order to have a better control of processes. Thus, the company will maintain an approach based on process that prioritizes the client's needs and requirements.
Sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la Norma ISO 14001:2015 para la empresa Cauchosierra S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Balladares Proaño, Bryan Mauricio; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
The lack of adequate and efficient solutions for the treatment and final disposal of hazardous and special waste generated in the retreading industry enhances the increase in risk and possible contamination of the environment. For this reason, the objective of the research is to design an Environmental Management System based on the ISO 14001:2015standar for the company CauchoSierra S.A. The study consists of a field investigation since its purpose is to carry out a diagnosis of the initial situation of the company regarding compliance with the requirements of the ISO 14001:2015 standard. In addition, through the UNE 150008:2008 standard, the identification and evaluation of environmental risk was carried out, with the intention of determining the most critical risk. The results obtained once the checklist has been applied determine that there is 39% compliance with the requirements established in the ISO 14001:2015 standard. Likewise, through the evaluation of environmental risks, it is established that the risk related to the contamination of water and soil due to the generation of hazardous and special waste presents a high risk in the three evaluations environments. Finally, it is concluded that through the implementation of the Environmental Management System, the company reduces the generation of hazardous and special waste between 20 and 25 % in a period of one year.
Diseño de planta para la optimización del proceso de producción de calzado deportivo en la empresa Panamus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Ortega Lescano, Jonathan Patricio; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi
At world level, the high level of industrial competition that companies are experiencing has given rise to the need to introduce new models, tools or methods that allow companies to keep pace with the new industrial order. It is for this reason that the present research aims to propose a plant design for the optimization of the production process of sports footwear in the company "PANAMUS". An analysis was carried out using the ABC method to establish the product with the highest demand, this being the economic and intermediate model, then a study of times and movements was developed, obtaining as a result the standard times and the production capacity was established. Afterwards, the surface space requirement was calculated and established at 130.55 m^2, so that, considering the regulations and business requests, the total surface of the facility will be 217.58 m^2, of which 70% will be used for the construction of buildings and 30% for roads and green areas. The methodological process was approached from the business requirements proposed for the selection of a new location, this was done through a hierarchical analytical process based on the criteria and subcriteria established by the company; thus obtaining a proposed location in the Pisque sector with a favorable result of 58.4% with respect to the other alternatives. By means of the SLP method and the time study it was possible to apply diagrams of relationships between activities, resulting in 2 proposals for the design of facilities. Consequently, the current state of the company and the winning proposal were simulated, resulting in a favorable capacity of 2010 additional pairs of slippers per quarter and decreasing a total travel distance of 11041.3 m in the quarter.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos en el área de acabado de la curtiduría Tungurahua S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Barros Guevara, Bryan Ismael; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
Industrial development has undoubtedly been favored, thanks to processes standardization and continuous improvement applied in most industries. Results of an efficient production, without any doubt, depends on an optimal planning based on standard times and production capacities, for this reason, in this research a time and motion study has been carried out at finishing area of Tannery Tungurahua S.A. In this study, the current working method for each of the finishing processes of San Marino school leather is initially described, through the elaboration of its flow chart elaboration and the identification of the activities corresponding to each procedure. Thus, analytical cursograms of each process are elaborated, in order to analyze in a more detailed way the product journey and type of operation that is carried out. Then calculation of the standard times are carried out, starting from activities coding, then both operators’ performance factor is calculated through the Westinghouse method, as well as supplements using established valuations by the ILO. Consequently, production capacities that will allow each process to be analyzed are calculated according to leather belts number that are manufactured, in this way, an average of 385 leather belts per day was obtained. As an improvement proposal, it is suggested to apply the SMED methodology for machines preparation and for general operations development, tool focused on the adhering, pigmenting and sanding processes, evidencing time reductions by 25.25%, 38.18% and 18.27% respectively. In the same way, it is proposed to apply the Theory of Constraints for the adhering process, which turned out to be the bottleneck requiring a time of 276.16 seconds. Finally, it is recommended to purchase an electric pallet truck that allows optimizing the transport times during batches transfer in order to improve handling units and to save operators integrity.
Plan estratégico para mejorar la gestión administrativa en la empresa manufacturera “Hogar21”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Sánchez López, Bryan Steven; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
This research work seeks to improve the administrative management of the manufacturing company "Hogar 21", which is going through a risky financial situation for its continuity in the market. Through a strategic plan it is proposed to face the adversities that hinder the fulfilment of institutional objectives, providing a clear framework of the current position and its projection, in order to guide efforts in an intelligent way, placing it in a favourable position to take advantage of market opportunities, counteract the impact of threats, take advantage of its strengths and reduce its weaknesses. The project is based on a rigorous scientific methodological basis, with a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology for the collection and organisation of information; the strategic planning was based on the integral model for strategic formulation, applying the matrices of each stage in a systematic way and under standardised qualification parameters; in addition, an interview and a structured survey validated by the judgement of experts were used to determine the initial conditions. The results obtained show that the company is below its direct competition and the market, both internally and externally; an unfavourable strategic position that requires conservative defensive measures. Through the formulation and prioritisation of strategies, seven potential strategies are presented that promise to contribute to the improvement of the administrative situation when applied, embodied in three operational plans oriented towards innovation and productive development, labour empowerment and productive investment.
Mejoramiento de la productividad en el área de confección aplicando herramientas de manufactura esbelta en una empresa textil
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Escobar Aguila, Santiago Vicente; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
The purpose of this research project is to make a proposal to improve productivity in the company BOMAN Sport from the use of lean manufacturing tools: 5S, Kanban and standardized work, in the production process of semi-professional football uniforms, with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the waste found. In order to accomplish this purpose, information was collected using industrial ngineering tools such as: analytical course and time study, with which the current state of the production process in question was identified, For the identification of the existing waste, the VSM value flow mapping was used, which identified: unnecessary waiting, movement and transport. In the same context, an improvement proposal was formulated with the three tools mentioned, through 5S it is proposed to maintain order and cleanliness, with the tool Kanban aims to improve the workflow in the productive processes with more waste. Finally, through standardized work, a proposal is established to reduce activities that do not add value to the production process, with which the cycle time would be reduced from 17.53 to 15.26 minutes per unit, which in percentage represents an improvement of 14,84% improvement. In terms of production capacity, the simulation of the current and improved process was used in the FlexSim software, which shows that the production capacity of the entire production process would increase by 11 units per day, representing 7,96% improvement while the company’s productivity would increase by 7.51% from 3.46 to 3.72 within the company’s flagship product.
Plan de prevención de riesgos laborales en la empresa “Tallarines Valeria”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Chérrez Pérez, Gilson Vicente; Jordán Hidalgo, Edisson Patricio
In the present work of occupational risk prevention plan is developed for the company "Tallarines Valeria" in Ambato city, through a bibliographical investigation that allows to identify the relevant documents for the investigation, a field investigation that serves to carry out the measurements within the company and a qualitative quantitative investigation that helps to identify the initial situation of the company. Different types of methods are used, such as a survey validated by experts and a triple criteria matrix to identify the initial situation of the company, NTE INEN-ISO 9612 for the determination of noise levels, NTP 808 to identify the exposure of workers to chemical agents, reduced ISTAS 21 to measure the psychosocial incidence and RULA method for the evaluation of individual postures in certain activities. In addition, different tools were used such as: sound level meters, software and others for measurement, information analysis and tabulation of results. These methods and tools made it possible to find that within the company there are different risks associated with occupational safety, being the main ones noise that was determined to have an average level value of 85.3 dB, which exceeds maximum permitted levels, in the mixing area the workers are exposed to wheat flour dust, ergonomic risks in which physical overexertion stands out when unloading raw material and repetitive movements in shaping activitythe noodles, psychosocial risks caused by lack of of motivation and unstable labor employment. For this reason, an occupational risk prevention plan is designed in which different improvement actions that the company must carry out to reduce risks and generate a safer, more comfortable work environment and in compliance with legal regulations are contemplated. current ecuadorian
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para el mejoramiento del proceso productivo en la empresa de lácteos “El Enjambre”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Esparza Huachi, Mireya Abigail; Tubón Núñez, Edith Elena
In the research project the study of times and movements in the dairy company “The Swarm” is carried out in order to improve the production process, increase productivity and standardize the process. The current situation of the company is known through direct observation and unstructured interviews with the manager and the operator in charge of the production area. From the initial diagnosis of the company, the ABC analysis is performed to select the product of greatest demand using the sales history, identifying mozzarella cheese as the product of greatest consumption to carry out the study. To obtain the necessary data for the development of the project, time measurements were made by timing, taking into account the activities and movements performed by the operator in each subprocess; the information obtained is organized by means of flowcharts, analytical cursograms and tables. During the development of the project, the bottleneck and the absence of standardized processes were identified. Finally, the standard times of each subprocess are determined and activities that do not generate value were eliminated or combined, obtaining an improvement in time of 4.08% and from this the line balance is carried out to balance the workloads and that the process flows continuously; additional the manual of procedures for the production of mozzarella cheese was developed to guide the workers in the development of their activities and therefore improve the productivity of the company.