Tesis Ingeniería Industrial

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Confort térmico en el ambiente laboral del edificio centro del GAD Municipalidad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Jiménez Gamboa, David Alberto; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The present investigative study is the evaluation of the thermal comfort in the areas with more risks of the GADMA Center Building. To analyze the current working conditions, observation and identification matrices and a survey with questions based on ISO 10551 AENOR 2002 are used, with which it is possible to identify which are the areas with the highest risk. The Fanger method (NTP 074) is used, it allows to evaluate the temperature, taking into account the temperature levels, work clothes and the metabolic rate, all of this to calculate the estimated average voting index (PMV) and the percentage of people who are dissatisfied (PPD), these data are compared with values recommended by executive decree 2393 and the UNEEN ISO 7730/2006 standard. The measurements are made using the Delta Ohm HD 32.3 equipment, with the Delta Log 10 software the calculations are developed following the measurement strategies proposed in the NTP 387, since an improvement proposal is made that can be implemented in real life. The PMV index indicates the thermal perception of the workers with a scale of 7 levels (+3 and -3), the work areas with the highest risk are not within the established range, it presents 7 jobs that represent 33% of The 21 jobs analyzed present a neutral thermal sensation, which indicates that the thermal conditions are acceptable (-1≤PMV≤0), 12 jobs, corresponding to 57%, present a slightly cold sensation (-2≤PMV≤-1). ) and 10% corresponding to 2 positions have a warm sensation (3≥PMV≥2), concluding that there is THERMAL DISCOMFORT due to heat and cold.
Riesgos ergonómicos en los puestos de trabajo del personal del Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales “15 de agosto”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Salinas Acosta, Pamela Michelle; Tigre Ortega, Franklin
Nowadays, the different work activities carried out by office workers have increased as well as the relevance of Occupational Health. The uncomfortable postures that workers maintain during their workday can be detrimental to the musculoskeletal system. Similarly, those who work in vehicles are also exposed to ergonomic risks due to forced and monotonous postures. These risk situations can cause pain, discomfort or injuries that can be mild or severe. Therefore, the present research work developed an evaluation of the level of ergonomic risk in each workstation of Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales "15 de Agosto". These evaluations were carried out using the ROSA Method for the office workstations, while the REBA Method was applied for the driving instructors, who work in the Institution's vehicles, and for the doorman. The result of these evaluations was that 100% of the office jobs require action as soon as possible. On the other hand, in the case of driving instructors, 66.67% of the risk level to which they are exposed is low, so that no action is required. While in only 16.66%, action is necessary, although not as soon as possible. Finally, for the janitor, the result was that action is necessary as soon as possible due to the fact that his risk level is high. Therefore, as a proposed solution, a program of active breaks was developed, which is recommended to be carried out at least twice per working day or every 2 hours. In addition, a proposal for the characteristics that office elements should have, their proper use and postures to be adopted by office workers. The guide to good postures in the vehicle details the location of the vehicle elements and the appropriate postures.
Riesgo ergonómico -psicosocial en los trabajadores de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito “Oscus” Ltda. Edificio Matriz
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Silva Mera, María Celina; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The increasing labor development, causes that nowadays financial institutions are immersed in the problems derived from psychosocial risks, generating different inconveniences in the worker's health, such is the case of musculoskeletal disorders, which are caused by the mental stress of labor activities, triggering an increase in muscular tension. This project was developed under a bibliographic type of research modality, since resources such as books, academic articles, among others, were used. Field, because the data were collected in the institution and applied, since the knowledge is related to the Industrial Engineering career. The research began with the identification of psychosocial risk factors, obtaining a total of 6 among the most critical. In the risk estimation it was found that most of the factors were between moderate and important. For the risk assessment it was determined that 6 psychosocial dimensions are in unfavorable and intermediate situation. The body areas that cause the most problems were also determined, with the neck being the main one with 82.9% of the respondents. Subsequently, the associativity of psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort was evaluated by means of the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, obtaining that there is a direct relationship between 14 psychosocial dimensions and the 5 different body areas. These formed a list of 34 specific relationships. From this list, the neck predominates (38.24%) in the body zones, and as for the psychosocial dimensions, Quality of leadership (14.71%) predominates, followed by Emotional demands, Demands to hide emotions, Social support from peers and Group feeling. The remaining ones have lower percentages. Finally, a control proposal was put forward to improve the current working conditions and provide an adequate working environment for the workers.
Riesgos mecánicos en el taller de mantenimiento de la empresa de trasporte pesado José Ocaña Mayorga S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Paredes Sánchez, Cristhian Alex; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
In the work performed in maintenance workshops, especially in those where there is the existence of heavy load vehicles, there are different types of risks to which workers are subjected. One of the risks that is prevalent and of particular interest are the mechanical hazards, this is due to the use of tools and tasks in confined situations in the vehicles. Thus, this research project focuses on the analysis of the mechanical risks present in the maintenance workshop of the heavy transport company "José Ocaña Mayorga S.A.". Through an observation-based methodology and the use of arrays to record the information, the activities of all the workstations present in the workshop were identified. Likewise, an initial analysis was carried out by means of checklists to identify the mechanical risk factors due to the safety conditions of the facility. Subsequently, using the Colombian Technical Guide 45 (GTC-45), the mechanical risk factors derived from the activities of the maintenance shop workers were identified and evaluated, which resulted in a total of 424 mechanical risks associated with the workers' activities, with the following factors being found as intolerable: falls to different levels and important: handling of equipment or tools, entrapment by or between objects, entanglement or collision by vehicles, and falling objects due to collapse. Consequently, an action guide was developed to control the most critical risk factors, based on the Technical Prevention Standards of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which will enable workers to perform maintenance activities in safer conditions.
Distribución de instalaciones para la mejora del sistema de almacenamiento en la bodega de materias primas de la empresa de calzado Gamo´s
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Calderón Castillo, Washington Alfonso; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
The problem arises from the need to have a distribution of facilities that provides adequate spaces, properly distributed areas and a storage system according to the requirements of the company, since the current distribution of facilities is not adequate and generates problems in the logistic processes of storage. For the development of the project, the methodology of logistics diagnosis of warehouses and distribution centers was used to identify the current conditions of the warehouse, obtaining as a result deficiencies in floor quality, lack of loading-unloading docks, inadequate distance between aisles and lack of indicators, triggering problems in the processes of reception, storage and dispatch of raw materials, likewise, a categorization of products was made based on the level of consumption and analyzing the criticality of raw materials, identifying the most critical materials thanks to the use of tools such as: ABC, BOM and criticality matrix. On the other hand, the PRISMA methodology was used to obtain applicative criteria related to storage principles and distribution techniques that allowed the design of a new distribution of facilities with which a reduction of about 3,000 meters is foreseen, limiting internal movements by applying a heuristic allocation method. The estimated investment for the implementation is US$59.758,56 and an annual saving of US$1.779,32 is estimated, which represents 2.98% of the total investment, allowing a recovery of the investment in 33,6 months. Finally, the results are corroborated through the simulation of the storage logistics processes using FlexSim software.
Riesgos ergonómicos por posturas forzadas y movimientos repetitivos para un sector de la industria de fabricación de bloques en el proceso de prensado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Toaquiza Ilaquiche, Leonardo Javier; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The handmade manufacture of blocks is associated with ergonomic hazards that affect the health of workers, for this reason, the research focused on the identification and assessment of ergonomic risks due to forced postures, repetitive movements and pushing loads for the subsequent presentation of corrective actions. The research was carried out based on the Risk Management methodology applied to 10 artisan blockmakers for which 24 people were involved. After the field visits and the recognition of 3 workstations, and 35 tasks, the ergonomic hazards associated with each task were identified using the cards adapted from the ISO TR 12295:2014 technical report; the estimation using the binary method matrix determined that 74% of the tasks present a moderate risk level, while 26% present a tolerable risk level. The risk assessment for awkward postures using the REBA method showed a prevalence of high risk level, while the risk assessment for repetitive movements using the Check List OCRA method showed a variation of risk level between acceptable and unacceptable high depending on the work organization system. Finally, the level of risk from pushing loads using the method proposed by NOM-036-STPS-1-2018. Appendix II, showed a prevalence of medium possible risk level. The study concludes that there is a need to implement procedures to improve workplace conditions and to train workers
Gestión de inventarios para mejorar el control interno de materiales en la empresa “Saibe Construcciones”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Salinas Oñate, Christian Emmanuel; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
An inventory management model application makes it possible to maintain materials and equipment available in the right place and at the right time, which is essential to maximize the expected profits of any company, much more so for a construction company that works continuously with large quantities of materials, so SAIBE CONSTRUCCIONES has considered appropriate the application of an inventory management model that reduces the costs inherent to them. For model aplication, the last project carried out in the company, which was the construction of a house, was selected as the basis. Initially, used materials were classified by applying a Pareto diagram (also called ABC) that divides them into 3 categories that allow identifying the ones that represent the greatest amount in economic terms, so that they are the objective of the study. In A category, the economic order quantity (EOQ) model was applied, which allowed determining the number of orders to be placed and the quantity that these should have to minimize storage and order costs. For B and C categories, it was suggested to only place one order with all needed materials at the start of the project or the stage of construction where they will be used; as a result, when comparing total inventory costs for traditional method and using proposed models, an overall savings of $567,71, equal 12,47% of traditional cost, was obtained, demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed methods. The proposal also includes the use of a maritime container as a temporary warehouse for materials that can be reused in each of the company's projects. By comparing these costs to those of the current method, which entails building these storage facilities for each project, an annual savings of $1292,16 was calculated. Proposal will make it possible to ensure effective resources management, which will enable the company to focus on the best possible development of its work while maintaining customers satisfaction and bringing it one step closer to establishing itself as one of the nation's most reliable and efficient builders.
Sistema de gestión por procesos en la microempresa “Productos de caucho León de Judá”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Morales Oña, Anthony Israel; Tubón Núñez, Edith
The objective of the study was to develop a process management system in the microenterprise "Products of Rubber Lion of Judá" for the manufacturing process of carpet of car. Techniques were applied in order to collect information such as: semistructured interview, survey validated by 5 experts, on-site visits and observation, these allowed to diagnose and understand the current situation regarding process management, obtaining that the empirical management gives rise to multiple problems, so that the organization has a high need to implement internal improvements that allow its proper functioning to achieve greater competitiveness and therefore customer satisfaction. In the proposal, a process map was made from which the production process was disaggregated, allowing its characterization, but also the strategic and support processes were characterized in order to evaluate their level of criticality by means of an observation sheet that combines quality principles of the ISO 9001 standard with a statistical approach through the Likert scale evaluating 4 fields. On the other hand, in order to standardize the production process, the standard times for the production of carpets of cars, were obtained for each production sub-process and based on these, the process and procedure manual was prepared, including policies, objectives, guidelines, Kanban cards, electronic records and key performance indicators, where its implementation seeks to eliminate the dependence of the most experienced operator by being a clear and coherent guide that facilitates training, guarantees the uniformity of the products and can be followed up on the production processes, operators and resources. In addition, in order to document the improvements and evidence the evolution of its processes, a format with stages of the Deming methodology was proposed with tools such as the 5 Why's and the Ishikawa diagram in order to serve as support to find the root cause of the problem to be solved, through collaborative meetings including operational staff, however the implementation of the system will require a time of adaptation for both the administrative and operational part and thus achieve an organizational culture of excellence.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para el proceso productivo de la lavandería Dervith Colors
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Condo Zurita, Kerly Lizbeth; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
The present research work was developed in the Laundry Dervith Colors in the production process to obtain the color Stone 1 ½ with crafts (broken or whiskers) being the preferred color by customers. A study of times and movements was applied with the aim of standardizing the work done and therefore improving the efficiency of the processes, for which initially the current situation of the company was identified with the collection and survey of activities organizing them in analytical cursograms, man-machine diagrams, flow diagrams among other tools, This was possible through interviews with the person in charge of the company and the manager in addition to direct observation in the field visits carried out. For the taking of times of the activities, continuous timing was used, then the standard time per activity was calculated based on the performance factor and supplements according to the parameters already established. In the development of the research, the shortcomings in the productive process are identified in order to select the appropriate tools for the improvement of the working method; this is how the standardization of the working method is established through the work instructions in which the reduction of 32.35 minutes is reflected, which represents the improvement of 17.37%, as well as the improvement of the distribution of work and machines is evidenced in the increase of the service capacity from 8 batches / day to 11 batches / day with three synchronous machines. Finally, with the balance of lines it is possible to balance as much as possible the productivity times in each workstation but mainly the one used by the operators involved in these activities, thus achieving the reduction of leisure time from 90.15 to 25.36 minutes and the reduction of six workstations to four and therefore the number of operators since one operator is employed for each station, obtaining a working method with 87.34% efficiency.
Validación de ensayos por ruido e iluminación laboral según la Norma ISO17025:2017 para la empresa Presegman
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Freire Cobo, Ingrid Paola; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
PRESEGMAN provides advisory and training services in the field of Safety and Industrial Hygiene, the main problem is that it lacks the metrological process of measurements and does not have the standardization and validation of physical tests, therefore, this research aims to obtain noise tests. and lighting under ISO17025:2017 guidelines, for its accreditation and to demonstrate that its professional services are technically competent. The methodology applied was the technique of the structured interview to obtain information in relation to the offered tests, the survey of the technical requirements of ISO17025:2017 for the registration of non-conformities and the observation in the investigation of the reports and processes of the company to verify the level of compliance according to the ISO 17025:2017 standard, obtaining a 27% application. The main result obtained indicates that 67 requirements are mandatory, and for this, improvements were made such as the implementation of uncertainty calculations, linearity, control of environmental factors and standardization of the method, thus complying with 100% of the parameters required by this standard, in conclusion, it has been possible to present reliable results through technical reports and standardized procedures, completely improving the level of compliance.
Riesgo ergonómico por carga mental en el personal de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Mushuc Runa Agencia Matriz Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Palacios Riera, Denis Ariel; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
Current working conditions require the manipulation of a large volume of information, as well as a high level of attention, demanding the cognitive abilities of the worker, consequently, the presence of out-of-control situations and pressure situations cause adverse effects on workers such as stress and anxiety obtaining a job in poor ergonomic conditions. The present work seeks to manage the present risk through the analysis of the working conditions of the Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Mushuc Runa agencia matriz Ambato, for this reason different types of research were used such as field research because data were collected within the environment for this the method of estimation of mental load NASA TLX was used and the risk was evaluated using the ERGOS method, to finally elaborate a proposal for the prevention of ergonomic risk by mental load oriented to the organization. Through the estimation and evaluation, it is concluded that female staff and staff over the age of 50 suffer a higher mental load index, resulting in mental fatigue and therefore a decrease in performance at the workplace. The presence of mental load in the organization is notorious due to the level of demand in the workplaces, so the mental load prevention program is proposed for the prevention of adverse effects on the health of the worker and the improvement of workplace conditions.
Modelo Lean & Green para la mejora del desempeño operacional y ambiental en el proceso de faenamiento del camal frigorífico municipal de Ambato (CFMA)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Usiña Lema, Evelin Anabel; Franklin Geovanny Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
The objective of the research work is to design a Lean & Green model for the process of slaughtering cattle of the Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato (CFMA), the presence of Lean Manufacturing waste can affect the consumption of resources and generation of environmental aspects. Through the literature, the convergence of Lean concepts and green paradigms is confirmed, specifically in the reduction of waste and resource consumption. The research work has a qualitative-quantitative approach, flowcharts, synoptic and analytical cursograms are made, in addition the measurement of the process times according to the General Electric table is developed, establishing preliminary samples with the use of a stopwatch using the zero turn method, to identify and analyze the current situation of the process. Based on the obtained data, the takt time, lead time is calculated to create the Value Stream Mapping (VSM). In addition, the waste identified are unnecessary movements, defects and waits, which influence the consumption of water and electricity, which are considered as Green waste. The Lean & Green model is integrated by the tools VSM, ACV (Life Cycle Analysis), 5S, KPIs, which allow the diagnosis, analysis and evaluation of the process. The results of the integration of both approaches allow to obtain improvements such as: reduction of the cycle time 26.86 minutes to 22.92 minutes, in addition the water consumption decreases from 2212.90 liters to 1749.36 liters of water per bovine and electric energy 1138.13 kWh per month to 978.86 kWh per month. It is concluded that analyzing the process through Lean & Green improves operational and environmental parameters using tools from both approaches simultaneously, however, depending on the situation of the company, its application requires standardized processes and resource consumption monitoring for each line of work.
Plan de prevención de riesgos laborales en la empresa “Tallarines Valeria”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Chérrez Pérez, Gilson Vicente; Jordán Hidalgo, Edisson Patricio
In the present work of occupational risk prevention plan is developed for the company "Tallarines Valeria" in Ambato city, through a bibliographical investigation that allows to identify the relevant documents for the investigation, a field investigation that serves to carry out the measurements within the company and a qualitative quantitative investigation that helps to identify the initial situation of the company. Different types of methods are used, such as a survey validated by experts and a triple criteria matrix to identify the initial situation of the company, NTE INEN-ISO 9612 for the determination of noise levels, NTP 808 to identify the exposure of workers to chemical agents, reduced ISTAS 21 to measure the psychosocial incidence and RULA method for the evaluation of individual postures in certain activities. In addition, different tools were used such as: sound level meters, software and others for measurement, information analysis and tabulation of results. These methods and tools made it possible to find that within the company there are different risks associated with occupational safety, being the main ones noise that was determined to have an average level value of 85.3 dB, which exceeds maximum permitted levels, in the mixing area the workers are exposed to wheat flour dust, ergonomic risks in which physical overexertion stands out when unloading raw material and repetitive movements in shaping activitythe noodles, psychosocial risks caused by lack of of motivation and unstable labor employment. For this reason, an occupational risk prevention plan is designed in which different improvement actions that the company must carry out to reduce risks and generate a safer, more comfortable work environment and in compliance with legal regulations are contemplated. current ecuadorian
Mejoramiento de la productividad en el área de confección aplicando herramientas de manufactura esbelta en una empresa textil
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Escobar Aguila, Santiago Vicente; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
The purpose of this research project is to make a proposal to improve productivity in the company BOMAN Sport from the use of lean manufacturing tools: 5S, Kanban and standardized work, in the production process of semi-professional football uniforms, with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the waste found. In order to accomplish this purpose, information was collected using industrial ngineering tools such as: analytical course and time study, with which the current state of the production process in question was identified, For the identification of the existing waste, the VSM value flow mapping was used, which identified: unnecessary waiting, movement and transport. In the same context, an improvement proposal was formulated with the three tools mentioned, through 5S it is proposed to maintain order and cleanliness, with the tool Kanban aims to improve the workflow in the productive processes with more waste. Finally, through standardized work, a proposal is established to reduce activities that do not add value to the production process, with which the cycle time would be reduced from 17.53 to 15.26 minutes per unit, which in percentage represents an improvement of 14,84% improvement. In terms of production capacity, the simulation of the current and improved process was used in the FlexSim software, which shows that the production capacity of the entire production process would increase by 11 units per day, representing 7,96% improvement while the company’s productivity would increase by 7.51% from 3.46 to 3.72 within the company’s flagship product.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos en el área de acabado de la curtiduría Tungurahua S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Barros Guevara, Bryan Ismael; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
Industrial development has undoubtedly been favored, thanks to processes standardization and continuous improvement applied in most industries. Results of an efficient production, without any doubt, depends on an optimal planning based on standard times and production capacities, for this reason, in this research a time and motion study has been carried out at finishing area of Tannery Tungurahua S.A. In this study, the current working method for each of the finishing processes of San Marino school leather is initially described, through the elaboration of its flow chart elaboration and the identification of the activities corresponding to each procedure. Thus, analytical cursograms of each process are elaborated, in order to analyze in a more detailed way the product journey and type of operation that is carried out. Then calculation of the standard times are carried out, starting from activities coding, then both operators’ performance factor is calculated through the Westinghouse method, as well as supplements using established valuations by the ILO. Consequently, production capacities that will allow each process to be analyzed are calculated according to leather belts number that are manufactured, in this way, an average of 385 leather belts per day was obtained. As an improvement proposal, it is suggested to apply the SMED methodology for machines preparation and for general operations development, tool focused on the adhering, pigmenting and sanding processes, evidencing time reductions by 25.25%, 38.18% and 18.27% respectively. In the same way, it is proposed to apply the Theory of Constraints for the adhering process, which turned out to be the bottleneck requiring a time of 276.16 seconds. Finally, it is recommended to purchase an electric pallet truck that allows optimizing the transport times during batches transfer in order to improve handling units and to save operators integrity.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para la mejora de la productividad en el proceso de producción de suelas para calzado en la empresa Preplast
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Yumbulema Yumbulema, Jaime Iván; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
The unproductive times, non-standardized times, and unnecessary movements in the production area of the company has generated a low productivity and non-delivery to customers, so, this research project deals with a study of times and movements in the process of injection of shoe soles in the company PREPLAST to increase production levels. The research starts from the identification of the current situation in which the productive process of the company is located, collecting information on all its processes and facilities through direct observation and interview with the administrator and the production manager. Likewise, an analysis has been carried out with the sales histories of the last year provided by the administrative area, managing to identify that the Lili expanso chocolate 37 sole is the most demanded product, therefore, this model of sole was the object of study in the present research. Through the measurement of times by timing, development of flowchart, analytical diagram, synoptic diagram, man-machine diagram, route diagram, plant redistribution and application of the SMED methodology, it is possible to establish improvements in the productive process of the company. As a result of the present research, it has been possible to establish the standard time for each area that makes up the production process of the most demanded soles, and from the times and distances traveled, a redistribution of plant has been proposed in order to minimize the transportation costs carried out. Likewise, the preparation time of the injector has been reduced by applying the SMED methodology, increasing the number of soles produced in a working day.
Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para el mejoramiento del proceso productivo en la empresa de lácteos “El Enjambre”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Esparza Huachi, Mireya Abigail; Tubón Núñez, Edith Elena
In the research project the study of times and movements in the dairy company “The Swarm” is carried out in order to improve the production process, increase productivity and standardize the process. The current situation of the company is known through direct observation and unstructured interviews with the manager and the operator in charge of the production area. From the initial diagnosis of the company, the ABC analysis is performed to select the product of greatest demand using the sales history, identifying mozzarella cheese as the product of greatest consumption to carry out the study. To obtain the necessary data for the development of the project, time measurements were made by timing, taking into account the activities and movements performed by the operator in each subprocess; the information obtained is organized by means of flowcharts, analytical cursograms and tables. During the development of the project, the bottleneck and the absence of standardized processes were identified. Finally, the standard times of each subprocess are determined and activities that do not generate value were eliminated or combined, obtaining an improvement in time of 4.08% and from this the line balance is carried out to balance the workloads and that the process flows continuously; additional the manual of procedures for the production of mozzarella cheese was developed to guide the workers in the development of their activities and therefore improve the productivity of the company.
Sistema de gestión por procesos para la línea de producción de tela en la empresa Produtexti cía. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Pérez Castelo, Christian Alejandro; Gavidia García, José Luis
In most companies, the main deficiencies that they must face and harm are the lack of standardization and the absence of controls and indicators to establish the productivity and efficiency of the production process; all of this produces negative results such as an incorrect production management and less versatility in the obtained results, which significantly affects the quality of the products, in addition, the lack of documented information generates a certain ignorance to the staff about the functions and responsibilities, which causes a delay in the timely delivery of orders in order to attend the different clients. Therefore, the current situation of Produtexti Cía. Ltda. was analyzed, defining all the processes of the company and then classifying them according to their role and hierarchy in order to elaborate the process map, an ABC analysis was also developed to identify the product in greatest demand; on the other hand, the process sheet was elaborated to gather information on the operational processes of the organization and identifying the elements that intervene in the production chain. The time study was carried out to determine the standard time of each process of the fabric production line Finally, the processes and procedures manual was developed where the operational processes of the organization were documented, using for this information flows, procedures, indicators, records and work instructions
Riesgos ergonómicos por posturas forzadas en el personal de la empresa Bloqcenter perteneciente al Grupo Industria Metálica Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Raura Velasco, Jeniffer Maricela; López Arboleda, Jessica Paola
n the concrete prefabrication industry, palletizing activities have been associated with direct ergonomic risks that could negatively impact the health of workers, ranging from injuries to occupational diseases. In this context, this study aimed to identify and evaluate working conditions that generate ergonomic risks due to forced postures, in order to establish preventive measures that could minimize their effects. The REBA method was applied to assess ergonomic risk due to forced postures, which allowed for the evaluation of the entire body in two groups: Group A, which includes the trunk, neck, and legs, and Group B, which includes the upper limbs, arm, forearm, and wrist. The evaluation was conducted on a total of 12 workers in the finished product palletizing area. The results revealed a predominance of high and very high level risk on both the left and right sides of the body in the activities of placing wooden pallets, accumulating products, and stacking metal boards. Therefore, the development of collaborative and appropriate tools is necessary to minimize the consequences of exposure to ergonomic risks, such as an active pause program and health surveillance and training procedures for workers. These measures could generate a positive impact on the personnel in the palletizing area, creating a healthy and safe work environment for carrying out activities.
Plan estratégico para mejorar la gestión administrativa en la empresa manufacturera “Hogar21”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Sánchez López, Bryan Steven; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
This research work seeks to improve the administrative management of the manufacturing company "Hogar 21", which is going through a risky financial situation for its continuity in the market. Through a strategic plan it is proposed to face the adversities that hinder the fulfilment of institutional objectives, providing a clear framework of the current position and its projection, in order to guide efforts in an intelligent way, placing it in a favourable position to take advantage of market opportunities, counteract the impact of threats, take advantage of its strengths and reduce its weaknesses. The project is based on a rigorous scientific methodological basis, with a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology for the collection and organisation of information; the strategic planning was based on the integral model for strategic formulation, applying the matrices of each stage in a systematic way and under standardised qualification parameters; in addition, an interview and a structured survey validated by the judgement of experts were used to determine the initial conditions. The results obtained show that the company is below its direct competition and the market, both internally and externally; an unfavourable strategic position that requires conservative defensive measures. Through the formulation and prioritisation of strategies, seven potential strategies are presented that promise to contribute to the improvement of the administrative situation when applied, embodied in three operational plans oriented towards innovation and productive development, labour empowerment and productive investment.