Enfermería

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    ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA PARA LE PREVENCIÓN DE LAS INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS EN NIÑOS MENORES DE CINCO AÑOS
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-07) Taipe Alvarez, Johanna Daniela; Macias Ferreiro, Karina
    Introduction: health promotion is the most effective method of disease prevention. This type of activity ensures that professionals seek various ways of transmitting crucial information to parents and caregivers by disseminating key information for the prevention of pathologies. Objective: to contribute to the prevention of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age through an educational intervention. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, action-participation (educational intervention) before-after study was carried out. The universe and the sample coincided; it was constituted by the parents and/or guardians of the 30 children attending the “Estrellitas del Futuro” Child Development Center of the San Buenaventura parish, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador. A questionnaire on knowledge and practices was applied before and after the intervention. Results: before the educational intervention, the prevalent level of knowledge was poor (96, 6 %) regardless of the level of schooling; after the intervention it was good (53, 3 %) and regular (36,6 %). Eighty-seven percent of the sample after the intervention assumed good practices against respiratory infections. The impact of the educational intervention was positive, with a significance level of less than p'0,005. Conclusions: the educational intervention on the prevention of respiratory infections in children under five years of age was effective, which demonstrates the importance of educating the population in order to raise their perception of risk and provoke the adoption of good health practices.
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    CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DEL ADULTO MAYOR, SEGÚN EL MODELO DE ROPER-LOGAN-TIERNEY
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Ortega Quishpe, Lissette Aide; Espín López, Valeria Isabel
    Introduction: One of the stages of the human being is to reach aging, which is linked to physical, psychological and social changes. The WHO identified the dependence that arises over the years in the human being, during the development of daily life activities and thus affects their health status. For this reason, they suggest the implementation of nursing care focused on the needs. Methods: Quantitative research, quasi-experimental design, in the club of older adults of the GAD Parroquial Emilio María Terán, period September 2023 - February 2024, through the application of a questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics, nursing assessment according to the nursing model of Roper Logan Tierney, the NANDA I taxonomy was used, SF-36 Test, to older adults with inclusion criteria: ≥ 60 years, belonging to the club, respecting the bioethical principles of the Helsinki declaration. Results: The highest dependency was identified in activities such as maintenance of safe environment, feeding, cleaning and mobilization, nursing care was planned and evaluation by SF-36 post test. Conclusions: To conclude, the effectiveness of the nursing care implemented according to the needs identified according to the Roper Logan Tierney model to improve health status and meet the objective also proposed by the WHO to provide and strengthen active aging and health was demonstrated.
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    COMPLICACIONES MATERNO-FETALES DE LA DIABETES GESTACIONAL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) León Panoluisa, Heydi Gabriela; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne
    Introduction. Gestational diabetes, a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, is crucial in obstetrics because it affects the health of the mother and the fetus. Caused by high glucose levels, it is linked to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. It is common in 90% of pregnant women and its early detection is vital to prevent complications. Objective. To evaluate the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes. Method. The study is a retrospective review. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used, selecting studies using specific search terms and the PRISMA methodology. The inclusion criteria for the selection of documents were those that contained the terms “diabetes”, “gestational diabetes”, “complications in the pregnant woman”, “complications in fetuses” and “newborns”. Articles without language and free access restrictions, published between 2019 and 2024, were accepted. The exclusion criteria included documents in difficult to translate languages and studies that lacked relevant information. Results. Studies indicated an increase in maternal and neonatal complications in women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and type 2 diabetes. Obesity, maternal age > 30 years, history of diabetes are important risk factors. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes manifests more in the second trimester, requiring early detection and intervention. It was found that it is associated with fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia and obesity, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and management.
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    CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LAS PERSONAS SOBREVIVIENTES DE CÁNCER
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Bonilla Sánchez, María Eugenia; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina
    Introduction: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, with around 18 million new cases per year. In Latin America there are 2.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths per year. In Ecuador, 20% of people develop cancer before the age of 75. Survival has improved, currently reaching 70%. However, survivors have an impact on their quality of life due to anxiety, depression and insomnia after treatment. Methods: Qualitative study of descriptive scope and with a phenomenological approach. The sample was made up of 7 adult participants in remission or cured from the Picaihua Parish. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed according to grounded theory, identifying categories in the work, family, economic and psychological spheres. Results: The results show difficulties in the workplace for reimbursement due to decreased energy and physical capacity; In the family, union and support are strengthened; In the economic sphere, a high burden of medical expenses is generated; and in the psychological, greater emotional susceptibility. Conclusion: We conclude that overcoming cancer involves a complex transition, with multidimensional impacts. Maintaining a positive attitude, spiritual support and motivation are key. Family support is crucial to mitigate suffering, and specific impacts on work, family, economic and psychological matters are highlighted. Resilience, spirituality and multidisciplinary support are essential for the comprehensive adaptation of the survivor.
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    INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Yagchirema Yancha, Katherine Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin Fernanda
    Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: To know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: A systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English. , such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: Nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity.
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    EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA Y ALTERACIONES EMOCIONALES EN ADOLESCENTES
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Pushug Pérez, Angellisa; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando
    Introduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological, psychological and behavioral changes, which can cause malnutrition with repercussions on the emotional state. Objective: Describe the anthropometric evaluation and emotional alterations in adolescents. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. It was carried out in Ecuador, Ambato, during September 2023-February 2024. The population consisted of 49 students from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit of the Province of Chimborazo, aged between 12-14. Anthropometric evaluation and application of structured and validated psychological questionnaires were carried out. Results: There was a predominance in the following variables: in low weight anthropometry: 11 men aged 13.2±1.0, weight 42.5±7.9 kg, height 1.54±0.08 m, BMI 17.6±1.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.5±3.7 cm, hip circumference 82.1±5.9 cm and WHR 0.85±0.05. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 showed partially inadequate and inadequate eating habits. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 had a regular and low level of physical activity. In internalizing problems: abnormal emotional symptoms (12.24%) in women aged 13 and in men aged 14. Social withdrawal: borderline level (12.24%) in women aged 12 and in men aged 13. In externalizing: abnormal behavior problems (16.32%) in women aged 12 and 14, normal hyperactivity (16.32%) in women aged 12. On the abnormal prosocial scale (18.36%) in women aged 12 and 14. In the level of depression: 14.29% at 14 years of age in men was mild. In normal weight, adolescents with internalizing problems represented 24.49% in women aged 14 and externalizing problems in underweight adolescents was 20.41% in men aged 14 as well. Conclusions: The highest frequency was evident in adolescents with low weight, abnormal emotional symptoms, borderline social withdrawal, abnormal prosocial scale, normal weight adolescents at 14 years of age, women with internalizing problems, and low weight in men aged 14 with externalizing problems.
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    FOTOTERAPIA Y EXANGUINOTRANSFUSIÓN COMO TRATAMIENTO EN NEONATOS CON HIPERBILIRRUBINEMIA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Mena Toapanta, Angela Liseth; Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda
    Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia, an increase in bilirubin levels in newborns, can cause serious complications such as encephalopathy and neurologic damage if not adequately treated. Phototherapy and exchange transfusion are common therapies, but their efficacy and risks must be managed with evidence-based skilled nursing care. Objective: To evaluate the use of phototherapy and exchange transfusion as treatment in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Methodology: this is a qualitative systematic review, through an exhaustive search of scientific articles in different databases such as: Scopus, Scielo, Pubmed, Google Scholar. We also selected them through the PRISMA method. Results: We ended up with 16 articles that provide the most relevant and scientific information on phototherapy and exchange transfusion as a treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: Both phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used as treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The choice is based on the severity of the newborn, also taking into account the safety and response of the neonate to initial treatments and the need to use more complex and invasive treatments.
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    AUTOCUIDADO BASADO EN EL MODELO DE DOROTHEA OREM EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Real Segovia, Tatiana Michelle; Mejías de Duarte, Marianela
    Introduction: Self-care is the ability of the community, the family and the individual to take care of themselves through health promotion, disease prevention and the practice of healthy habits. Objective: Describe self-care based on the Dorothea Orem Model in Nursing students at an Ecuadorian public university. Methods: Quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population was made up of 200 students legally enrolled in the Nursing program. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. The “Questionnaire on health self-care practices” was applied, consisting of 2 dimensions and 31 items, with Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.966. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the total of 133 students surveyed in the sixth and seventh semester of the Nursing degree at the university investigated, 114 students (85.7%) presented a medium level of self-care capacity, 18 students (13.5%) had the ability to high self-care and 1 student (0.8%) low self-care capacity. Conclusions: The majority of students show a medium level of self-care capacity. Reflecting a solid foundation of skills and practices related to self-care among the student population. Nursing students must prioritize self-care as an integral part of their training, developing healthy habits that allow them to maintain a balance between academic demands and self-care
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    EL IMPACTO DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN INFANTIL EN EL PROCESO ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DE LOS ESCOLARES
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Sánchez Sinchiguano, Johana Mishel; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne
    Introduction: malnutrition is a state of nutritional imbalance that results from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological needs. The causes, inadequate food intake in quantity and quality required to meet the needs of the body during growth and psychomotor development, childhood malnutrition, which affects children under 5 years of age worldwide, associated with social and economic determinants in the most countries in the region. In Ecuador it affects 27,2 % of children under 2 years of age, this is the result of inadequate or insufficient nutrition. Objectives: determine the number of infants who are suffering from child malnutrition under 3 to 5 years of age E.G.B. Republic of Colombia, from the Saquisilí canton. Methods: a cross-sectional, quantitative design study with descriptive scope was carried out. Three instruments were used, the first instrument was the WHO growth curve, structured by percentiles, the second was the survey directed at parents, and the third instrument was a questionnaire to assess developmentlearning. Results: the results obtained in this research describe that 90 % exclusively maintained breast milk during the first six months of life, being a protective factor for the children’s immune system. In the final results obtained from the research, mild malnutrition is reflected. In 36,7 % of children, and a significant 20 % of these children suffer from moderate malnutrition, which can indirectly affect their learning development. Conclusions: in this sense, child malnutrition can be reduced by improving levels of maternal education and government policies to promote income redistribution, since the highest percentage of malnourished children belongs to the lowest poverty quintile.
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    EXPERIENCIA DE VIDA DE UNA ESTUDIANTE DE ENFERMERÍA CON CÁNCER
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Ruiz Quinapanta, Allison Daniela; Pachucho Flores, Ana Pamela
    Cancer is a pathology that can originate in almost any organ or tissue of the body, all cancers, has the same underlying basis: cells out of control which accumulate forming tumors, but there is another variant of the disease in which tumors are not necessarily formed despite the uncontrolled multiplication of cells in the blood, as in the case of leukemia. Objective: To relate the life experience of a nursing student with cancer; (2) Methods: This study has a qualitative approach, case study design and descriptive scope, through the narration of experiences and perceptions of a nursing student with cancer during her educational process. The technique used is a semi-structured interview, prior to the application of an informed consent, once the information was collected it was recorded and transcribed in order not to lose any important information; (3) Results: This inspiring story highlights the importance of mutual support and empathy in times of adversity; (4) Conclusions: it was possible to demonstrate that, through unwavering determination, courage and perseverance, the power of caring and compassion are fundamental axes in the recovery of health, which affects not only patients but also those who care for them.