Enfermería
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Item PRÁCTICAS DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA APLICACIÓN DEL BIOLÓGICO CONTRA EL HERPES PAPILOVIRUS (HPV) EN LA POBLACIÓN MASCULINA(2026-02-11) Toaquiza Guanoluisa, Jairo Fabricio; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a public health problem that affects both sexes, yet male vaccination coverage remains limited. Nurses play a key role in the safe administration and promotion of immunization. Objective: To analyze nursing practices and actions in the administration of the HPV vaccine in the male population. Methods: Systematic review based on the PRISMA guideline. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciELO were consulted, considering studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish and English. Results: Fifteen studies were analyzed, predominantly systematic reviews and meta-analyses (67%). The findings showed that nursing actions focus on vaccine safety, compliance with protocols, health education, and post-vaccination follow-up, contributing to patient adherence and confidence. Conclusions: Nursing plays an essential role in male HPV vaccination, integrating technical, educational, and surveillance skills that strengthen the quality of the immunization process and promote equity in public health.Item CAUSAS FISIOLÓGICAS Y MATERNAS PARA LA APARICIÓN DE LA ICTERICIA NEONATAL(2026-02-11) Quishpe Curicho, Lisbeht Anahi; Analuisa Jimenez, Eulalia Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaNeonatal jaundice is a common clinical manifestation affecting between 60% and 80% of full-term newborns and more than 80% of preterm infants, causing approximately 114000 deaths annually and more than 63000 cases of preventable neurological disability worldwide. This condition results from intrinsic physiological mechanisms of the newborn and maternal factors that increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia. The overall objective was to analyze the physiological and maternal causes of neonatal jaundice. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including articles published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, initially identifying 353 records. After applying eligibility criteria, 20 articles addressing physiological and maternal causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were selected. The results showed that the main physiological causes include immaturity of the hepatic conjugation system with reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity, shortened erythrocyte lifespan, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, prematurity, low birth weight, and increased enterohepatic circulation. The most significant maternal factors were ABO incompatibility (present in 30.7% to 50% of cases), advanced maternal age over 35 years, cesarean delivery, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, perinatal infections, and problems related to inadequate breastfeeding. The synergistic interaction between physiological and maternal causes exponentially increases the severity of hyperbilirubinemia, increasing the risk of serious neurological complications. It is concluded that early identification of physiological and maternal risk factors allows for the implementation of effective preventive strategies, reducing associated neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prenatal maternal education, close monitoring of high-risk newborns, and standardized screening protocols are essential to prevent severe cases of kernicterus.Item ROL DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA PROMOCIÓN DEL APEGO PRECOZ NEONATAL(2026-02-11) Pungaña Herrera, Erick Mauricio; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction/Objectives: To determine the role of nursing in promoting early neonatal attachment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including primary studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Four databases were consulted: PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Dialnet, using MeSH and DeCS terms related to neonatal attachment and nursing interventions. The selection was carried out in three stages: title evaluation, abstract analysis, and full-text review. From 227 initial records, 38 duplicates were eliminated, 142 studies after screening, and 32 after full evaluation. 15 studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: Effective interventions include immediate skin-to-skin contact, Kangaroo Mother Care, and exclusive breastfeeding, with inadequate compliance in 68% of observed births. Step- by-step parental education has proven effective but was limited (15.9% in cesarean sections). Only 5.3% of newborns delivered by cesarean section received adequate early attachment. The main barriers include staff lack of knowledge (91.4% with low knowledge), prioritization of institutional routines over mother-child contact, inadequate infrastructure, and restrictive hospital policies. Anthropometric measurements were the main reason for interruption of contact (29.5% of cases). Conclusions: The nursing role requires an evolution toward a multidimensional model integrating technical, educational, and institutional leadership competencies. It is imperative to strengthen ongoing training, establish consensual, evidencebased protocols, implement policies that guarantee parental presence without time restrictions, and allocate specific human resources to facilitate early attachment as a quality standard in neonatal care.Item ENFERMEDADES EMERGENTES Y REEMERGENTES EN ECUADOR Y EL ABORDAJE PREVENTIVO EN ENFERMERÍA(2026-02-11) Proaño Vaca, Evelyn Carolina; Quishpe Molina, María del Carmen; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaThe objective of this study was to determine emerging and re-emerging diseases in Ecuador and the preventive approach in nursing, in order to strengthen the skills of nursing staff in the early identification, prevention, and control of these pathologies. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar during the period 2020- 2025. Primary studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses in Spanish, English and Portuguese that addressed emerging and re- emerging diseases and preventive nursing interventions were included. Single case reports, studies with significant methodological limitations and those focused exclusively on chronic noncommunicable diseases were excluded. Emerging diseases identified include COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, arboviruses (Zika, Chikungunya, Mayaro), yellow fever, monkeypox, and zoonoses. Re-emerging diseases include multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, malaria, dengue with geographical expansion, whooping cough in infants, severe Chagas disease, cholera, measles, diphtheria, and leptospirosis. Fifty-six per cent of the Ecuadorian population lives in areas at high risk for Aedes aegypti. Preventive nursing approaches include active epidemiological surveillance, vector control, vaccination, health education, early molecular diagnosis, and biosafety. Continuous training of nursing staff is needed to reduce gaps between theoretical knowledge and effective clinical practice in the face of these health threats.Item CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL PUERPERIO INMEDIATO: PREVENCIÓN DE COMPLICACIONES MATERNAS(2026-02-11) Pillajo Landa, Jonathan Alexander; Pillajo Landa, Jonathan Alexander; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaThe immediate postpartum period constitutes the first 24 hours after delivery, representing the most critical period for maternal monitoring given that 45% of postpartum maternal deaths occur during this time. Scientific evidence indicates that the main complications include postpartum hemorrhage, which affects 1–10% of all births globally, hypertensive disorders, and puerperal infections. Ecuador presents significant disparities in maternal mortality, ranging from 19.1 to 142.2 per 100,000 live births between provinces, and indigenous women show a 9.59 times greater risk of in-hospital mortality. The objective of the study was to characterize nursing care in the immediate postpartum period for the prevention of maternal complications, identifying the most effective evidence-based interventions, evaluating their effectiveness in reducing specific complications, and analyzing their applicability to the Ecuadorian context. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus for studies published between 2021 and 2025 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Primary studies evaluating nursing interventions in the immediate postpartum period were included, excluding those focused exclusively on the antepartum period or those with a high risk of bias. Finally, seventeen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results show that the most effective interventions include vital sign monitoring every fifteen to thirty minutes during the first two hours, ongoing education on warning signs and self-care, application of the MAMÁ Score for early detection of complications, accurate bleeding quantification, systematic bimanual compressions, antibiotic prophylaxis during cesarean section, depression screening with validated scales, and immediate skin-to-skin contact, which increases early breastfeeding by 47%. Applicability to the Ecuadorian context requires culturally adapted programs, intercultural communication training, telemedicine for rural areas, and standardization using NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomies, taking into account documented regional and ethnic disparities.Item MANEJO ACTUAL DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2026-02-11) Pérez Alberca, Wendy Nayeli; Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main chronic diseases in older adults, characterized by a silent progression and atypical clinical manifestations that hinder its timely diagnosis. Ageing brings physiological changes, comorbidities and metabolic alterations that require a comprehensive and up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to synthesize and update the available evidence on diagnostic criteria and optimized therapeutic strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in the elderly population. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Twenty-one studies published between 2020 and 2025 in international databases were analyzed. Articles addressing diagnosis, therapeutic management and technological advances in T2DM in older adults were included. Results: Evidence shows that diagnosis in older adults requires integrating biochemical parameters (HbA1c, blood glucose, and OGTT within 1 hour) with comprehensive geriatric assessment. The use of artificial intelligence and continuous glucose monitoring improves early detection and clinical follow-up. In terms of treatment, metformin remains the first line of treatment, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists offer additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Education, therapeutic adherence, nutrition, and personalized exercise are fundamental pillars of metabolic control. Conclusions: The management of DM2 in older adults should be individualized, multidimensional, and supported by emerging technologies to optimize diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.Item INMUNOALÉRGICOS AMBIENTALES Y SU INFLUENCIA EN EL ASMA(2026-02-11) Mora Caicedo, Anabel Estefanía; Cantos Sánchez, María Monserrate; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaThe present study aims to determine environmental immunoallergens and their influence on asthma. The methodology implemented consisted of a systematic review of scientific literature following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, including studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Latindex databases, using controlled MeSH and DeCS terms. Of the 203 articles initially identified, 15 studies fully met the eligibility criteria after a rigorous three-stage selection process. The results show that the main environmental immunoallergens identified include house dust mites, pollens, fungi, pet dander, and air pollutants such as particulate matter and gases. These allergens trigger type 2 inflammatory responses through activation of Th2 cells and ILC2s, resulting in characteristic asthma symptoms. Evidence demonstrates that multifactorial environmental control interventions, when sustained, can effectively reduce allergen burden and improve clinical outcomes. It is concluded that exposure to environmental immunoallergens constitutes an essential modifiable risk factor in the pathogenesis of asthma, requiring comprehensive approaches that combine accurate trigger identification, targeted environmental modifications, and nursing-led educational strategies to optimize asthma control.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE ULCERAS POR PRESIÓN(2026-02-11) Masaquiza Morales, Erika Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin Fernanda; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction/Objective: Pressure ulcers continue to be a persistent challenge in nursing care due to their clinical, ethical, and economic implications. Their occurrence is associated with prolonged immobility, inadequate skin care, and insufficient implementation of preventive measures. The objective of this study was to identify nursing interventions for the prevention of pressure ulcers. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using the PICO (PatientsIntervention-Compare-Outcome-Study Design) strategy. A search and selection procedure was carried out following the phases recommended by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and ResearchGate, using specific health-related terms from the Baremé (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the National Library of Medicine. Results: When performing the initial search for information, 1102 articles were found, which were discarded for duplicates, restricted access, being paid, place and year of publication, language, leaving a total of 65 publications for final review, of these 49 were discarded for not contributing to the research objective, in the end, 16 articles were worked with, which were aligned with the study objective and served as the basis for performing the meta-analysis. Conclusions: The prevention of pressure ulcers requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and evidence-based approach. The implementation of standardized care bundles, continuing professional education and patientcentered strategies are essential to reduce the incidence and improve the quality of hospital care.Item LIDERAZGO TRANSFORMACIONAL EN LA PROMOCIÓN DEL CUIDADO HUMANIZADO EN ENFERMERÍA(2026-02-11) Masabanda Punina, Jonatan Santiago; Velasco Acurio, Evelin Fernanda; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction/Objectives: Humanized care is a core value in contemporary nursing. However, technological progress and institutional pressures have led to a decline in empathy and ethical commitment. This study aimed to identify transformational leadership in promoting humanized care in nursing, considering its influence on staff motivation, professional commitment, and patient satisfaction. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs, and ResearchGate. The selection process included 832 records published between 2020 and 2025, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. A critical appraisal was performed using the CASPe instrument, ensuring methodological rigor and relevance. Results: Transformational leadership improves motivation, teamwork, and ethical awareness among nurses, improving the quality and humanization of care. It fosters empathy, communication, and patient-centered practices, while reducing burnout and organizational conflicts. However, barriers such as workload, lack of institutional support, and insufficient leadership training were recurring limitations. Conclusions: Transformational leadership constitutes a comprehensive approach that harmonizes motivation, ethics, and technical excellence to strengthen humanized care. Maintaining its benefits requires educational programs, organizational support, and leadership development strategies that reinforce empathy, innovation, and dignity in nursing practice.Item EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA SOBRE EL USO DE REALIDAD VIRTUAL INMERSIVA EN EL MANEJO DEL DOLOR ONCOLÓGICO(2026-02-11) Guamán Torres, Edwin Alexander; Acosta Nuñez, Jeannette Mercedes; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Cancer-related pain remains a frequent and challenging clinical problem. In recent years, immersive virtual reality has emerged as a nonpharmacological intervention capable of modulating pain perception during oncological procedures and treatments, improving the patient experience. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the use of immersive virtual reality as a complementary intervention to reduce perceived pain in oncology patients, compared with standard care. Methods: Randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies with comparator groups published between 2020 and 2025 were included, all of which evaluated pain using validated scales. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and CINAHL. Study selection was performed in pairs using digital screening tools; data extraction was carried out with a standardized form, and methodological quality was assessed using validated checklists. A narrative synthesis was performed. Results: A total of 258 records were identified, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported significant reductions in pain during invasive procedures and oncological treatments. In pediatric populations, notable decreases in both pain and anxiety were observed. No serious adverse events related to the use of immersive virtual reality were reported. Discussion: Findings indicate that immersive virtual reality is a safe and effective tool for reducing pain and supporting emotional adaptation. However, methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes persist across studies. Conclusions: Immersive virtual reality represents a promising complementary intervention for managing pain in oncology patients. Multicenter studies with greater methodological rigor are recommended.