Ingeniería Mecánica

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/900

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MATERIAL BIODEGRADABLE

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón del camote y celulosa de brócoli obtenido mediante mezclas DOE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Guallichico Acurio, Johanna Elizabeth; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, the environmental impact of sudden climate changes is considered relevant, giving rise to the concept of creating environmentally friendly products, giving way to biodegradable materials, which seek to reduce waste, create new renewable materials, among other ideals, with the help of technological advances. The experimental project focused on the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer seeking to optimize its properties for potential applications; through a design of experiments (DOE), different combinations of sweet potato starch and cellulose were explored to determine the influence of their proportions on the mechanical properties of the material. It was planned in three main stages: extraction to ensure the quality of the raw materials; analysis of the influence of the different proportions of the components on the tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, hardness and elongation at break of the biopolymer through statistical analysis; and the precise characterization of the mechanical properties of the material according to current standards. As a result, the present work proposed that first the relationship between the composition of the biopolymer and its mechanical properties must be determined, then the three best combinations of starch and cellulose should be identified to obtain the desired characteristics, which will contribute to the development of biopolymers with controlled mechanical properties, offering an ecological and sustainable alternative, opening new possibilities for its application in various sectors, with these results it can be used in the development of disposable products, contributing with one more alternative to safeguard the planet.
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    Obtención de un material biodegradable impermeable para su utilización en vajilla desechable
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Hurtado Salazar, Nelson Enrique; Molina Guerrero, Javier Alexander; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    In recent years, industrialized nations have seen a significant increase in the production of household waste, likewise, the growing environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable alternatives have generated the need to develop biodegradable and waterproof materials that allow for environmentally friendly elements. A waterproof biodegradable material was obtained for use in disposable tableware, under an experimental methodology and a series of tests were carried out; hardness, flexure and impact, and waterproof and degradability testing, comprehensively addressing the challenges associated with obtaining this material; using the necessary international and national standards to ensure that the result is a valid option, which meets the requirements and parameters necessary to ensure people's food safety. In addition, a simulation of the behavior of the plate was carried out in a specific software, determining its maximum deformation, placing the maximum force obtained from the tests and indicating the fixed clamping conditions so that the plate does not present any displacement and achieve optimal results. The results allow us to assert that sugarcane bagasse has a lower resistance; These values were similar for the bending, impact and hardness test without the application of a waterproof film. Last but not least, for the issue of impermeability, the food grade film was applied where it yielded similar results for the final product, with rice husk being the best biodegradable and waterproof material.
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    Diseño y construcción de un molde para la elaboración de platos desechables a partir de material biodegradable de bagazo de caña de azúcar
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Guamán Cando, Brayan Manuel; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The increase in the use of single-use products and items, primarily made from petroleum derivatives such as plastic, contributes to environmental pollution due to inefficient recycling and disposal practices. This necessitates the exploration and development of new materials with biodegradable properties. The objective of this work is to encourage and promote research and the use of biodegradable materials. To achieve this, a mold was designed and constructed for the production of plates using biodegradable material derived from sugarcane bagasse. A hypothetical-deductive research approach was employed, considering design parameters for mold construction and specific standards for its use in food-contact processes. Thermal-structural analyses of the mold were conducted using specialized software, simulating situations with predetermined conditions. Regarding the biodegradable material, various experimental tests were conducted based on quantities previously explored in earlier research. Modifications were made to the recommended amounts, and their behavior was observed until optimal performance was achieved. Tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties of the obtained product. Based on the results of mechanical tests (bending and impact tests) performed on the biodegradable material, it was determined that the optimal composition includes 20 grams of sugarcane bagasse, 35 grams of potato starch, and 33 milliliters of water, under pressing conditions of 110 degrees Celsius and 8 bars.
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    Obtención de un material biodegradable y elaboración de un vaso a partir de almidón de maíz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-06) López Yánez, Julio Armando; Tasigchana Chango, Jorge Raúl; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio
    In this technical project the process for obtaining sheets of the biodegradable material was detailed, tests were carried out to give a final use to the material with the manufacture of glasses. To obtain the corn starch, the tender corn was soaked for eight hours, to give way to washing and wet grinding, the result was left at rest for 24 hours, the starch settling to remove water and residues, the starch was left to rest to that the remaining humidity is eliminated and when it dries to obtain cornstarch. The process for the manufacture of corn starch sheets was achieved with the mixture of tender corn starch, adding binders, glycerin, acetic acid, distilled water and heating it until obtaining a uniform casting. The samples obtained were sent to the laboratories for tensile, flammable and hardness tests, with the data the properties table for the vegetable plastic cup based on corn starch was presented. To produce the cup, a design of the glass was implemented using CAD software and the development of a mold for injection of the material. It concluded with the delivery of the technical sheet which includes the description of the product, applications and technical data such as the combustion rate which is 117,43 mm / min, a shore hardness D 73.85 maximum effort at the tensile 16,85 MPa, modulus of elasticity 756,439 MPa with a percentage of elongation 3.60 percent.