Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Diseño y construcción de un mecanismo para el desmontaje de cilindros hidráulicos de diámetro y longitud variable para el taller Trac Service Ramos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Ramos Guerrero, Jessica Fernanda; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The design and construction of the mechanism for the disassembly of hydraulic cylinders was carried out due to the complexity and high costs involved in the repair process of these components in the Trac Service Ramos workshop. The project was developed in several stages, starting with a review of the historical and technical background of hydraulic cylinders. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of different design alternatives was detailed, evaluating cost, ease of construction and maintenance criteria. Based on the selection of one of them, the conceptual design of the disassembly mechanism was made taking as reference the hydraulic cylinder of the Caterpillar 320DL excavator, the material of each component was specified, strength calculations and cost analysis were made. Finally, drawings and technical specifications were prepared for each part of the mechanism, ensuring its viability and operational efficiency, to finish with tests that included the evaluation of the disassembly capacity of cylinders of different sizes and the resistance of the mechanism under real working conditions. As a result, the implementation of this project facilitates the maintenance of hydraulic cylinders, improves the safety of the technician and reduces the development time of the repair process in the workshop Trac Service Ramos, this new mechanism includes a hydraulic power unit with a pressure of 1500 psi, has a bench with dimensions 2.2 m long and width of 0.61 m presenting a safety factor of 12.70 ensuring the layout and resistance that the structure will have.
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    Diseño y construcción de una máquina roscadora para tubería pvc de diferentes diámetros con puertos intercambiables
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Jerez Morales, Manuel Andrés; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The projection of making a PVC pipe threading machine was born after seeking to reduce the effort in performing manual threading within the different industries, the objectivity of the problem is focused on that, avoiding efforts in manual threading and avoiding that the worker gets tired by the process of manual threading, it would be used in other activities within the industries. In the development of the project, the following processes were carried out: acquisition, machining, assembly and assembly, among them were made purchases of existing materials in the market with catalog verification, within the machining manufacturing processes were carried out such as: turning, milling, grinding and welding; in the assembly, height dimensions, concentricity and adjustments between the different components of the machine in its surface finish were verified; the steps were not complicated, generating ease in its maintenance and verification of components inside the machine. Likewise, the machine was tested and proved to be effective, leading to the fact that it works with the purpose for which it was manufactured it works and machines different diameters so that it can be taken to more studies in the future to reduce efforts in the industry related to piping. As a result, we have a successful PVC pipe threading machine for different diameters with interchangeable ports, in addition, we looked for an innovative and efficient alternative where high precision in the threading process and robustness of the machine were reflected.
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    Obtención y caracterización físico-mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de la oca (Oxalis Tuberosa)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Tocalema Tisalema, Nelly Marisol; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, traditional polymers have a wide range of applications, especially in the packaging industry, where a considerable number of tons are used per year. However, they have drawbacks that must be taken into account. Commercial plastics are manufactured using raw materials from non-renewable resources, such as oil, whose availability is decreasing and its price constantly increasing. Furthermore, they persist in the environment for extended periods of time, causing major environmental problems. This work was developed in three essential stages to obtain optimal results. The first stage consisted of the extraction of goose starch, using a juice extractor, followed by obtaining the biopolymer through a design of experiments (DOE) by mixing, at room temperature and a curing time of 8 days. The second stage included the characterization of the biopolymer, carried out according to the ASTM D638 (Tensile) standard, using a universal testing machine, and the evaluation of biodegradability in accordance with the INTE ISO 14855-1 standard, through ground and air tests. In the third stage, the results obtained were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. This allowed us to statistically test the assumptions and verify the significance of the model (ANOVA) to identify the best compound. The results showed a maximum tensile stress of 4.10 MPa, an elastic modulus of 23.86 MPa, an elongation of 5.3 percent, in biodegradability tests, a weight loss of 53.36 percent in air and 58.77 percent in the earth.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para ensayos de viscosidad
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Tivan Acosta, Jimmy Antony; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    The design and construction of a descending sphere viscometer was carried out to be used as support material for the studies of the fluid laboratory of the Mechanics Degree of the Technical University of Ambato so that it is easy to operate and maintain. The project was carried out based on research on viscosity and how to measure it, information was consulted on the types of viscometers most used by industries; The ISO12058-1 standard was reviewed, which indicates the inclination of the tube, the recommended size of the spheres and the distance of the sensors. After having obtained all the necessary information, we continued with the design of the device, then acquired the necessary materials for its installation. construction such as the Liebig tube, servomotor, steel spheres, sensors and the microcontroller, essential devices in the operation of the viscometer, once built, the operation of the device was programmed, which is managed from the control box; It was verified that the device did not have cracks through which the fluid could escape. Initial tests were carried out with distilled water with which the operation of the sensors was also verified, whose error cannot exceed 2 percent. Finally, 20w50 oil was experimented at 40 degrees Celsius using SAE 40 oil at 40 degrees Celsius as calibration fluid. As a result, it was proven that the device performs its main function of measuring the fall time of the sphere, and then using the Stokes equation to determine the viscosity of the measured fluid.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de máquina para el ensamble de aros de guitarras clásicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Salán Punina, Marcos Giovanni; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The manufacture of guitars today continues to be developed in a traditional way. The lack of study to generate machines that speed up manufacturing times have been the main factors for its production to be carried out manually. Furthermore, the paradigms of how guitars are made remain an obstacle to the implementation of technology. Through search and data collection methods, the parameters for construction were listed according to the needs presented by the guitar manufacturer. With design methods and calculations, a creative machine prototype was made that satisfies the listed parameters. The design was analyzed using specialized software and its functionality and resistance to the different forces and temperature conditions that act on each of its components were checked. For its construction, commercial materials and accessories within the province were used to provide an accessible product to manufacturers. Functional tests were carried out and the speed, temperature and pressure were regulated according to the type of wood with which the hoops are made. The prototype machine reduced the time spent bending and gluing guitar sides to covers. In addition to reducing assembly times, it reduces failures and waste of raw materials. The machine demonstrates an important contribution in the manufacture of these instruments and paves the way for new innovation studies in this market.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de maíz (Zea Mays) y fréjol (Phaseolus Vulgaris) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Ramos Peres, Marilyn Aracelly; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, one of the problems that most affects the environment is the excessive production of plastics that are made from petroleum. These plastics take a long time to degrade, so alternatives have been sought to replace them. In addition, the manufacture of these plastics uses non-renewable resources, generating a great deal of environmental pollution. In this research, through the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), it was possible to know the ideal quantity of starch, glycerin, distilled water and acetic acid for the production of the test tubes. With the DOE, 19 mixtures were obtained, each with 3 repetitions, in order to determine the mechanical properties; Also, tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were performed on all the test tubes. The results were tabulated and the best combination to obtain the bioplastic was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid. This formulation corresponds to case 18. When performing the tensile tests, an elasticity modulus of 22.14 MPa, a tensile strength of 2.11 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.25 percent were obtained. In the biodegradability test, it was verified that mixture 17 is the one with the highest percentage of biodegradation in soil, with a value of 39.29 percent. As a result, it is said that the bioplastic has mechanical properties similar to common plastics.
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    Análisis integral de la influencia de parámetros de mecanizado y lubricantes ecoeficientes en la productividad y calidad superficial en procesos de mecanizado sostenible de aceros
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Celi Mariño, Fabián Patricio; Núñez Núñez, Melanie Doménica; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    There is a discrepancy between traditional machining methods and the urgent need to implement ecological and sustainable strategies in the steel and machining industry in Ecuador. This misalignment is evident in the choice of lubricants and the optimization of machining parameters, affecting the production and surface quality of products. Aligning machining processes with sustainability principles is crucial for the sector's efficiency and its contribution to the country's sustainable growth. The primary objective is to evaluate the relationship between these variables and determine optimal strategies for sustainable machining of steels. The methodology employed is based on three stages: A correlational analysis of data from previous research was conducted to identify relationships between the study variables. Recommendations and strategies for implementing sustainable cooling in machining processes were developed. Experimental validation of the predictions was carried out through specific tests that allowed the hypotheses to be verified. The results obtained confirm the significant influence of machining parameters and eco-efficient lubricants on the productivity and surface quality of steel machining. The potential of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) to prolong tool life and reduce the environmental impact of the process is highlighted. The results indicated that cutting speed, spindle speed, tool nose radius, nanoparticle concentration, type of lubricating oil, number of nozzles, incidence angle, and cooling method are variables that influenced surface quality and flank wear.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.
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    Análisis de las propiedades de sección transversal de perfiles tipo UV conformados en frío
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) López Espín, Jonathan David; Torrealba Toledo, Kevin Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    Information on cold-formed structural elements is limited, but has become indispensable in the field of construction, as it allows for improved design and analysis of structures. In the present investigation, a comprehensive analysis of the section properties of 6 and 8 mm thicknesses was carried out. It started with a review of information to understand the behaviour of these profiles, section properties such as inertias, torsional constants and warping constants were calculated using traditional analytical methods. To validate these calculations, a mathematical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed, which allowed the behaviour of the cross-sections to be simulated more accurately. Experimental torsion, bending and compression tests were performed to compare the results obtained by analytical calculations and FEM analysis. In the case of the tests to determine the warping constant, technical limitations were faced, such as the lack of a high test machine for compression tests on thicker sections, which led to the use of thinner sections. Finally, the results showed that the FEM provides intermediate predictions between analytical methods and experimental tests, the differences observed in the behaviour of the specimens were discussed, conclusions were drawn on the discrepancy of results between the different methods, and recommendations for future studies were proposed, including the application of heat treatments to the profiles to improve the values obtained in the tests.
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    Caracterización mecánica del biopolímero obtenido a partir del almidón de papa china y de yuca alcanzado mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Idrovo Roblero, Marcos Andrés; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The present work seeks to reduce environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, its production and degradation emit less carbon dioxide, contributing to the mitigation of climate change. The obtaining of the biopolymer through Chinese potato and cassava starch was based on a DOE experimental design analysis with the help of appropriate software to obtain the best combinations between distilled water, glycerin, Chinese potato starch, cassava starch and acetic acid, 19 mixtures were obtained. To obtain starches, a wet extraction method was applied and then crushed, this method was selected because it is simpler and more effective, and its properties are not lost as it is a natural method. With the starch obtained, the process of elaboration of the biopolymer was designed, the adequate temperature of gelation and drying was investigated, and molds were created for drying the mixture. With the 19 cases in sheets, tensile tests were performed, obtaining the results of maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and percentage of elongation, which was completed with biodegradability tests to analyze their weight loss and degradation rate under controlled conditions and in the environment for 30 days. With the results of the tensile tests, data optimization was performed to obtain the best combination and later, with the 3 best combinations, microscopy tests were performed to see their internal composition.