Nutrición y Dietética

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    DIETAS HIPOCALÓRICAS Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA, POSIBLES BENEFICIOS O COMPLICACIONES
    (2025-06-18) Chasig Quisaguano Adrian Ismael; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    This article examines the effect of hypocaloric diets on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Hypocaloric diets are an effective tool to achieve weight loss and improve metabolic health, evidencing positive effects such as increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, decreased liver fat accumulation and lipid profile adequacy. However, if not applied correctly, disadvantages may arise such as decreased muscle mass, alterations at the level of basal metabolism and possible nutritional deficiencies. An analysis of the influence of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the regulation of body weight, blood glucose levels and inflammatory markers associated with the cellular aging process is also addressed. Although hypocaloric diets show favorable results in the short term, maintaining adherence to them in the long term remains a challenge, indicating the importance of developing personalized approaches that facilitate their sustainability over time, it has been observed that intermittent diets tend to have greater longterm adherence compared to traditional continuous diets, although both are effective in reducing body weight, having greater effectiveness when enhanced with psychological support and the incorporation of physical exercise.
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    NECESIDADES ENERGÉTICAS Y VALOR NUTRICIONAL DE MENÚS PARA ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA CASA DE ACOGIDA SEÑOR DE LOS REMEDIOS EN PÍLLARO
    (2026-06-24) Quinde Jaya, Juan Alejandro; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    This study evaluated the relationship between the nutritional content of the meals served and the actual energy requirements of older adults at the Señor de los Remedios nursing home in the canton of Píllaro. Using a mixed approach and a cross-sectional observational design, a sample of 20 residents, predominantly men over 80 years of age, was analyzed. The results revealed a critical imbalance: the menus offer an average of 1774.45 kcal/day, compared to an average energy expenditure of 1444.16 kcal/day. This caloric surplus of +330.29 kcal per day has resulted in 70% of the population being malnourished due to excess (overweight or obese). In addition, a high-protein diet (228% adequacy) and severe deficiencies in essential micronutrients such as calcium and vitamin C were identified. It is concluded that there is a disconnect between institutional food planning and the physiological needs of the elderly, which requires an immediate restructuring of local nutritional guidelines.
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    SUPLEMENTACIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS EN DEPORTISTAS DE FUERZA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA RECUPERACIÓN MUSCULAR
    (2025-10-06) López Iglesias Henry Josué; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Introduction: Trength training, also known as resistance training, is characterized by generating internal muscle tension through controlled effort in terms of time and intensity. To recover muscle tissue and improve sports performance, it is common to combine pharmacological, biological, mechanical, and nutritional strategies. The objective of the study focused on investigating how factors such as protein type, dosage, timing of consumption, and professional supervision influence the effectiveness of protein supplementation in the muscle recovery of strength athletes. The methodology involved applying a qualitative, analytical study, centered on a systematic review of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer, using search strategies with the help of keywords and Boolean operators like “AND” and “NOT” to facilitate the information outline. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews published since 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included, with a population over 18 years old who were administered oral protein supplements. Protein supplementation in strength athletes can improve muscle recovery and performance, but its effectiveness depends on the type of protein (animal or plant), the dosage, and total intake. Animal proteins (whey, casein, egg) offer greater biological value and digestibility. Plant proteins require a larger amount or combination to achieve a complete amino acid profile. Studies show contradictory results regarding their impact on recovery, emphasizing the importance of an adequate diet and professional guidance for their use.