Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de la valoración económica de las tarifas de agua potable de la Junta de Rubén Terán de la ciudad de Latacunga, Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Alpusig Jacho Luis Gonzalo; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThis study addressed the economic valuation of drinking water tariffs in the Junta de Agua Potable de Rubén Terán, located in the city of Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The main purpose was to develop a fair, equitable and sustainable tariff plan, based on a detailed analysis of the real costs of production, treatment and distribution of water resources. The project arose from the need to update a tariff scheme that historically has not reflected real operating costs, which has compromised the financial sustainability of the system. The research was developed under a mixed approach, combining quantitative, qualitative and descriptive methods. Through field measurements, situational analysis, user surveys and documentary review, key information was gathered on the current state of the infrastructure, citizen perception, the level of losses in the network and the existing cost structure. The average inflow to the water treatment plant was established at 18.58 liters per second, using the floating object method. This data was essential for projecting demand and sizing the proposed tariff system. From the financial point of view, one of the main findings was the calculation of the Net Present Value (NPV), which reached a positive value of US$339.894,07 over a 10-year evaluation horizon, starting from an initial investment of US$64.879,50. This result indicates considerable profitability and evidences the economic viability of the project. The positive NPV demonstrates that, by applying a tariff scheme adjusted to xx real costs, not only is the recovery of the investment guaranteed, but also a significant surplus that can be used for system improvements and maintenance. The cost analysis considered three categories: administrative costs, operating and maintenance costs, and investment costs. The most significant costs were identified as being related to infrastructure maintenance and network losses, attributable in part to the lack of micro-metering, clandestine connections and an aging infrastructure. There was also evidence of a billing and collection gap that directly affects the Board's operational capacity. Based on these findings, a tariff plan was designed with a block approach by user category (residential and non-residential), following the guidelines of the Water Regulation and Control Agency (ARCA). For the residential category, four consumption blocks were established: basic (0-10 m³), medium (11-30 m³), high (31- 40 m³) and excessive (over 40 m³); and for the non-residential category, three blocks: basic (0-30 m³), medium (31-50 m³) and high (over 50 m³). This scheme makes it possible to assign progressive tariffs, encouraging responsible consumption and discouraging excessive use of the resource. Among the main conclusions of the study is that the current tariff structure does not cover the real costs of the service, which puts its sustainability at risk. The lack of micro-metering prevents equitable charging and contributes to the waste of the resource. It was concluded that the implementation of a new tariff scheme, based on actual consumption and technical costs, is essential to ensure the financial and operational viability of the system. In addition, it was recommended that internal governance be strengthened, citizen participation channels be improved, and education on efficient water use be reinforced. In summary, the study provided the technical and financial tools necessary for a tariff restructuring based on criteria of equity, sustainability and efficiency, to ensure access to drinking water as a human right and a vital resource for community developmentItem Elaboración de un plan hidráulico de contingencia para heladas en el proyecto de riego colectivo tecnificado Tunga – San Pedro, Acequia Mocha Huachi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Quinga Mayorga Christian Javier; Morales Fiallos Rodrigo FabiánThe objective of this study was to develop a hydraulic contingency plan for frost in the Tunga - San Pedro collective irrigation project, Acequia Mocha Huachi. The project is located at coordinates X: 765,500 Y: 9,849,000, has 125.67 ha distributed in 344 lots belonging to 216 families located in 10 irrigation sectors, of this area there are 8.50 ha (6.76%) without water use rights, 9.52 ha with drip irrigation (7.58%) and 107.65 ha (85.66%) with sprinkler irrigation. The proposal was to prepare: Cadastral update, hydraulic distribution diagrams, maps of ice-producing sites, maps of crops susceptible to frost, hydraulic simulation in IRRICAD and a proposal for opening hydrants. The hydraulic diagram defined an oversizing of the main pipeline, where, for the 9 irrigation sectors, a flow of 140.99 l/s can be carried by means of the operation of a 4,200 m3 buffer reservoir, while the operating flow rate is 56.33 l/s (282 sprinklers with a flow rate of 0.2 l/s). In addition, sector 10, which operates through a forebay, has an operating flow rate of 5 l/s (25 sprinklers). It is worth mentioning that, there are 65.75 ha that are susceptible to frost, said surface area is distributed mostly in sectors 2 and 10, in this sense, the ice-making lots are 153 (50.50%). In addition, the most susceptible crops (strawberry, corn, blackberry and potatoes) to frost are present in 26.94 ha (22.99%), moderately susceptible crops (peas, onions, fruit trees, beans and carrots) are found in 19.98 ha (17.05%) and the least susceptible crops (alfalfa, grass and fallow land) with 70.25 ha (59.96%). The hydraulic contingency plan for sectors 1 through 9 is to open 18 lots with a flow rate of 52.20 l/s, with 261 sprinklers operating simultaneously, covering 3.19 ha. For sector 10, the flow rate is 4.60 l/s, with 23 sprinklers operating simultaneously, and a surface area of 0.28 ha. The proposed hydraulic contingency plan is based on seven shifts for sectors 1 through 9 and 17 shifts for sector 10, each with 10-minute openingsItem Diseño de un sistema de riego, para implementarse en el Parque Ecológico Cachipamba, ubicado en el sector La Matriz del cantón Saquisilí, Provincia de Cotopaxi, bajo un sistema SUDS.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Pérez Moreno Diego Fernando; Bayas Altamirano Myriam MarisolLinked to municipal water sources, the Cachipamba Ecological Park suffers from lack of water management due to climate change. The objective of this study is to propose a drip irrigation system integrated with Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to optimally use water, reduce the amount of runoff and improve resilience to climate change with a certain case study model for an urban green space in a semi-arid area. Methods: The approach used in this thesis was mixed, including: (1) analysis of available hydrological series (1976-2017) to determine maximum rainfall and return periods; (2) hydraulic modeling of the irrigation system with a flow rate of 45.89 m3/h (90% efficiency); (3) design of a SUDS that had capacity for extreme events (180 mm/h) and; (4) social assessment, conducted through workshops with local community members and by interviewing community experts. Results: The system demonstrated: (a) 36.03% potable water savings with rainwater harvesting; (b) effective storm management for a 100-year return period; (c) irrigation coverage of 16.67 mm every three days. The SUDS infrastructure proved to be able to infiltrate 40% of the runoff and improve water quality (85% solids removal). Discussion and conclusions: The results confirm the success of integrated systems for sustainable water management in urban areas. Although continuous monitoring is necessary to observe and maintain biological parameters, the design outperforms conventional alternatives in terms of climate adaptability and efficiency. Future research will need to study the long-term impacts on biodiversity, as well as its replicability in other urban contexts.Item Evaluación del potencial de energía hidrocinética para generación eléctrica en el río Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Palacios Carranza Alex Fabián; Contreras Vásquez Luis FelipeThis study addresses the sustainable utilization of the Mocha River’s water resource, located in Tungurahua Province, Ecuador, aiming to generate small-scale hydropower. Historical flow data from the Mocha-Quero-Ladrillos irrigation board were analyzed, revealing significant seasonal variations: maximum flows of 0.472 m³/s occur from March to June, while the minimum recorded flow is 0.273 m³/s in September. A gross head of 50 meters was determined, and through an analysis of friction losses and turbine selection, the Pelton turbine proved to be the most suitable for the local conditions. The hydraulic and electrical efficiencies were then calculated, resulting in an overall system efficiency of 72.9%. Using this efficiency, the effective power output was estimated on a monthly basis, ranging from 97.5 kW (in September) to 168.6 kW (from March to June). The findings demonstrate the technical and energetic feasibility of implementing a small hydropower station along the Mocha River. Furthermore, this project can enhance local electricity supply and promote rural sustainable development by efficiently and responsibly managing water use, as the diverted flow is returned to the irrigation canal after power generation. This integrated approach fosters diversification of the energy matrix and strengthens the region’s energy resilience.Item Evaluación de tecnologías para el filtrado de las aguas pluviales en emprendimientos turísticos ecosostenibles: caso de estudio hotel y restaurante La Huerta(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Sánchez Carranza César Jacobo; Chérrez Gavilanes Diego SebastiánThis research evaluates the technical, social, and environmental relevance of a rainwater harvesting and filtration system implemented at Hotel and Restaurant La Huerta, located in the province of Pastaza, Ecuador. Framed within an eco-sustainable tourism approach, the study aims to analyze the system’s operational efficiency, its acceptance by users and staff, and its viability as a replicable model in similar contexts. A mixed-methods methodology was applied, combining physicochemical and microbiological water analysis with qualitative techniques such as surveys, direct observation, and document review. The results show that the system significantly reduces turbidity and other physical contaminants, maintaining water quality within acceptable ranges for non-potable uses. From a qualitative perspective, the system received high ratings for both its environmental contribution and its alignment with the ecological identity of the establishment. One of the most noteworthy aspects was the integration of a pedagogical dimension, through environmental signage and informational materials that promote visitor awareness regarding responsible water resource management. This feature turns the system into not only a technical solution but also a tool for environmental education. The findings support the relevance of adopting this type of technology as part of sustainable tourism strategies, highlighting its ability to balance functionality, accessibility, and environmental coherenceItem Elaboración del plan de operación y mantenimiento de los drenajes de las vías intercantonales de mayor flujo de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en Obras Hidráulicas., 2025) Sánchez Ana Gabriela; Arellano Barriga Alfonso PatricioThe present research proposes a comprehensive operation and maintenance plan for the drainage systems of the high-traffic inter-cantonal roads such us Ambato– Píllaro, Píllaro–Patate, Cevallos–Mocha, Cevallos–Pelileo, Pelileo–Patate, and Ambato–Cevallos in Tungurahua province. This plan includes activities, descriptions, objectives and scope, procedures, frequencies, labor requirements, materials, equipment, tools, units of measurement, verification and approval processes, as well as payment methods for each identified damage. Thus, this manual is designed to serve as a technical support tool for public and private entities, contractors, and inspectors involved in road management. Through the implementation of the operation and maintenance plan, the aim is to enhance the efficient management of public resources and promote the resilience of road infrastructure. As part of this research, the diagnostic phase is critical, involving field inspections of the high-traffic inter-cantonal roads Ambato–Píllaro, Píllaro–Patate, Cevallos– Mocha, Cevallos–Pelileo, Pelileo–Patate, and Ambato–Cevallos in Tungurahua province. Additionally, a technical datasheet is used for each road to assess the condition of existing drainage structures (ditches, culverts, grates, concrete boxes, ramps, among others). This datasheet includes variables such as drainage type, drainage condition, pavement surface condition, presence of obstructions, debris, sediments, stones, scour, siltation, and other relevant factors. The results will highlight the condition of the road drainage systems and the recurring issues due to inadequate maintenance and operation. Furthermore, the percentages of operation and maintenance required for each road are detailed, along with the frequent problems identified in the drainage systems, including siltation, obstruction by vegetation, cracks or fractures, structural deterioration, sediment accumulation, debris, clogged ditches, silted culverts, vehicle ramps blocked by sediment, concrete boxes filled with debris and sediment, and undersized drainage systems in vehicle ramps.Item Determinación de zonas urbanas de riesgo a inundaciones empleando modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos en la quebrada Miraflores, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Hidráulica con mención en obras Hidráulicas, 2025) Gallardo Donoso. Lidia Jhoanna; Castro Solorzano Fidel AlbertoThe present research addresses the identification of urban areas at risk of flooding in the Miraflores stream, Guano canton, Chimborazo province, using hydrological and hydraulic models. This region has experienced extreme rainfall events, such as the disaster on December 11, 2021, highlighting the need for preventive measures to mitigate future risks. The study follows a mixed approach, with a predominance of quantitative methods, and employs tools such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS to model flood scenarios. xviii Additionally, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and specialized software are integrated for geomorphological analysis and basin delineation. Meteorological data were collected from nearby stations (San Juan, Urbina, ESPOCH, and Guaslán), supplemented by data from the Guano station and satellite sources like NASA POWER. These data were processed and statistically validated using tests such as Kolmogórov-Smirnov. Subsequently, design flows for return periods of up to 50 years were estimated, and two-dimensional hydraulic simulations were performed. The results reveal that the basin's topography and deforestation in high areas exacerbate runoff, increasing flood risks in lower areas. The risk maps produced identify critical areas susceptible to flooding, and mitigation strategies are proposed, including reforestation and infrastructure improvement. This research significantly contributes to the analysis of flood risks in Guano, providing technical tools for water resource planning and management. Moreover, it establishes a robust methodological basis for future studies in similar basins, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies and advanced modeling to reduce the impact of natural disasters.Item OPTIMIZATION OF THE WELDING PROCESS FOR GRADE S-135 PIPELINE: IMPACT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNDER AWS D1.1”, SU TRADUCCIÓN EN ESPAÑOL ES: “OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE SOLDADURA PARA TUBERÍA GRADO S-135: INCIDENCIA EN PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS BAJO AWS D1.1(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Ibañez Solis Lenin Edwin; Mayacela Rojas Celia MargaritaThe demand that exist in the field of donation of used oil pipelines by oil companies to public entities in Ecuador, created the need to investigate which is the best welding process that can be adapted to the type of material, this article evaluated the mechanical behavior of the welded joint of oil pipeline S-135 under the welding code AWS D1.1 that, by means of tensile tests it was determined, which is the tensile strength of the welded joint, with different welding process such as the SMAW process (Shielded metal arc welding) and FCAW (Fluxed cored arc welding), for the welding joints of the SMAW process was used filler material such as electrodes E-7018 and E-8018, with heating and post-heating temperatures according to the equivalent carbon percentage of the material, for this the spark test was carried out and the chemical composition of the material was determined. For the FCAW welding process. The Charpy test (CVN) was carried out to determine the material’s toughness, in other words the resistance to impact energy absorption. To evaluate the welded joint, non-destructive tests such as Penetrant Ink and Ultrasound were carried out, and in this way the welded joint was evaluated in a superficial and subsurface manner. Tit was concluded that the welding process for the S-135 pipeline used is the SMAW process using E7018 filler material as root pass and filler, this process turned out to be the most efficient.Item Estudio comparativo de la deflexión de una viga de alma abierta con diferentes cuantías de acero(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Martínez Ortiz Alfredo; Cevallos Cabrera Jorge WashingtonThis study focuses on the analysis of the behavior of Joist-type open web beams with different amounts of steel, evaluating their stiffness and deflection under distributed loads. The beams, fabricated in ASTM A36 structural steel, were subjected to experimental tests and computational simulations to determine how the variation in the amount of steel influences their structural performance. The results showed that a higher amount of steel significantly reduces the deflection and increases the stiffness of the beams, which is consistent with structural design theory. The research also revealed significant variability in deflection under high loads, attributed to factors such as imperfections in fabrication, differences in material properties, and the configuration of diagonal and chord elements. These findings have important implications for the design of steel structures, suggesting that, in applications with high loads, it is advisable to use beams with a greater amount of steel to ensure lower deflection and greater safety. The study highlights the importance of more detailed analysis and testing to reduce variability and optimize the design of open web beams. The results provide a sol id basis for future research, which could include the analysis of other factors such as beam geometry, load distribution and behavior under dynamic loads, with the aim of improving the efficiency and safety of these structures in practica! applications.Item Diseño y análisis del comportamiento estructural de un edificio en la ciudad de Ambato mediante el uso de disipadores sísmicos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Sánchez José Luis; Cañizares Ortega Freddy FernandoThis research project presents a comparative analysis of the seismic performance of a special building located in Ambato, utilizing Special Moment Frames (SMF) and Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB). The main objective of the study is to evaluate the structural performance in terms of strength, capacity, stiffness, and nonlinear behavior under seismic loading. The proposed design for the steel structure incorporates BRB frames, aimed at minimizing deformations induced by seismic events. These systems utilize braces with ductile cores and replaceable assemblies, which enable efficient energy dissipation. The applied methodology is based on international standards such as AISC 360, AISC 341, NEC 15, and ASCE 41-17, covering literature review, soil analysis, load estimation, nonlinear time history analysis, and unit cost comparison. The results show that BRB systems offer superior seismic performance compared to moment-resisting frames, without involving a significant increase in implementation costs. However, it is important to note that the findings of this research are specific to the soil and loading conditions of the analyzed structure; therefore, further studies are recommended for other types of buildings and geotechnical contexts.