Evaluación del potencial de energía hidrocinética para generación eléctrica en el río Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador

Abstract

This study addresses the sustainable utilization of the Mocha River’s water resource, located in Tungurahua Province, Ecuador, aiming to generate small-scale hydropower. Historical flow data from the Mocha-Quero-Ladrillos irrigation board were analyzed, revealing significant seasonal variations: maximum flows of 0.472 m³/s occur from March to June, while the minimum recorded flow is 0.273 m³/s in September. A gross head of 50 meters was determined, and through an analysis of friction losses and turbine selection, the Pelton turbine proved to be the most suitable for the local conditions. The hydraulic and electrical efficiencies were then calculated, resulting in an overall system efficiency of 72.9%. Using this efficiency, the effective power output was estimated on a monthly basis, ranging from 97.5 kW (in September) to 168.6 kW (from March to June). The findings demonstrate the technical and energetic feasibility of implementing a small hydropower station along the Mocha River. Furthermore, this project can enhance local electricity supply and promote rural sustainable development by efficiently and responsibly managing water use, as the diverted flow is returned to the irrigation canal after power generation. This integrated approach fosters diversification of the energy matrix and strengthens the region’s energy resilience.