Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Efecto de la participación de la agricultura familiar y campesina en la producción de alimentos para la seguridad alimentaria en la Provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Píllaro, Mocha y Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Vargas Ipaz, Paola Elizabeth; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidFamily farming is important throughout Ecuador because it is the main source of work and food for the entire population. However, food production must be planned in order to avoid excess and, as a consequence, overproduction, thus endangering food security. The methodology used in this work includes a mathematical model to determine the production zones in the cantons of Píllaro, Mocha and Tisaleo. For this, we used the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software, which is designed to solve problems of linear and nonlinear systems, as well as the use of SPSS Statistics, which allows us to perform statistical analysis and descriptions, among others. The data obtained from the surveys of 244 farming families in the three cantons and the collection of data on the main crops through MAGAP helped us determine the production and yield of the most harvested crops in each canton. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the current agricultural production guarantees the availability of food throughout the year, ensuring that all people have access at all times, thus guaranteeing food security for the entire population.Item Efecto de la participación de la agricultura familiar y campesina en la producción de alimentos para la seguridad alimentaria en la Provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Píllaro, Mocha y Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Soria Valle, Dayana Victoria; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidFamily farming is important throughout Ecuador because it is the main source of work and food for the entire population. However, food production must be planned in order to avoid excess and, as a consequence, overproduction, thus endangering food security. The methodology used in this work includes a mathematical model to determine the production zones in the cantons of Píllaro, Mocha and Tisaleo. For this, we used the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software, which is designed to solve problems of linear and nonlinear systems, as well as the use of SPSS Statistics, which allows us to perform statistical analysis and descriptions, among others. The data obtained from the surveys of 244 farming families in the three cantons and the collection of data on the main crops through MAGAP helped us determine the production and yield of the most harvested crops in each canton. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the current agricultural production guarantees the availability of food throughout the year, ensuring that all people have access at all times, thus guaranteeing food security for the entire population.Item Modelado de la cinética de secado e isoterma de adsorción de agua de oca blanca (Oxalis tuberosa variedad Blanca) y zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Borja Suárez, Daniela Alexandra; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaThe present work focused on studying the drying kinetics of Oca blanca and Zanahoria blanca in a drying process carried out at a temperature of 65 Celcius degrees for 8 hours. The determination of the critical humidity yielded the values of 0.06 kg wáter per-kg dry solid and 0.07 kg wáter per-kg dry solid for Oca blanca and Zanahoria blanca, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were fitted to the mathematical models of Newton, Page, modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Thomson, and Fick. Through the determination coefficient (R2), the estimated mean error (SE), and the relative mean deviation percentage (P), it was determined that the Page model presented a better fit. On the other hand, the adsorption isotherms were built using supersaturated salts, allowing them to maintain environments with a relative humidity of 11 to 80 percent. The isotherms showed a type II sigmoidal shape, and the values were fitted to the GAB and BET mathematical models. Through the coefficient of determination (R2), a better fit with the GAB model was determined. The monolayer moisture content for the two matrices yielded values of 0.055 kg wáter per-kg dry solid and 0.057 kg wáter per-kg dry solid for Oca blanca and Zanahoria blanca, respectively. This constant is related to the humidity limit that the sample must have to remain stable during storage.Item Modelado de la cinética de secado convectivo e isotermas de adsorción de agua de camote morado (Ipomoea batatas) y mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Vayas Velastegui, Marcelo Fabian; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaThe present work correlated data on the drying kinetics of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav) with referential mathematical models. Different mathematical models were used to predict the drying kinetics of these tubers. The Page model was the one that best fitted the experimental data of purple sweet potato, with a coefficient of determination of 0.992. While the mashua was adapted to the Thomson model with coefficient of determination of 0.998. On the other hand, adsorption isotherms were built using hygroscopic salts with aw between 0.1178 and 0.8012. The adsorption isotherms were of type II and allowed to predict the w0, optimal humidity at which its stability and conservation would be ensured. The curves were evaluated using the GAB and BET mathematical models. In mashua flour, the BET model was the one that best describes its adsorption isotherm with a coefficient of determination of 0.997. In contrast, purple sweet potato was better adapted to the GAB model with a coefficient of determination of 0.992.Item Determinación experimental de isotermas de sorción de humedad de la tuna blanca (Napolea coccinellifera L.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Castro Núñez, Eduardo Israel; Sosa Cárdenas, Julio CésarIn the food industry, the determination of adsorption isotherms is the most appropriate way to study the influence that water has on food; white prickly pear (Napolea coccinellifera L.) is a product that is little exploited in Ecuador, being the drying process its best alternative. The present work was carried out in order to establish the ideal conditions for the drying process, by means of the construction of adsorption isotherms at different temperatures. Therefore, the water activity was correlated with the equilibrium humidity, obtained by the gravimetric method of saturated salt solutions at different relative humidities, which were exposed to constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 40 degrees Celsius. Experimental data showed that the equilibrium humidity was directly proportional to the water activity, and inversely proportional to the temperature increase. Parameters obtained based on the mathematical models: GAB, BET, Oswin and Halsey, were determined to evaluate the best fit of data; of which, Oswin and Halsey presented better coefficients of determination higher than 92 and 93 per cent. The heat of adsorption decreased from 31.515 to -1.668 𝑘𝐽 per 𝑚𝑜𝑙, as the equilibrium moisture content increased. While, the activation energy presented a value in the monolayer of 33.164 𝑘𝐽 per 𝑚𝑜𝑙 from 25 to 40 degrees Celsius, thus, demonstrating that both had temperature dependence and strong interaction of water with the feed surface.Item Modelación matemática para la predicción de biomasa residual húmeda por efecto de poda, en las plantaciones de Persea americana del cantón Patate(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Aguaguiña Paguay, Oscar Mateo; García Pazmiño, María EugeniaThe objective of this research was to obtain a mathematical model for the prediction of residual biomass due to pruning in Persea americana (avocado) plantations from easily measurable dendrométric variables in the field. This species that has been cultivated in Ecuador due to its high consumption, which leads to accelerated forest growth, where pruning is carried out to control productivity, generating a considerable amount of organic waste that causes poor disposal and burning of the same, producing waste and gases that affect the planet's biosphere. Mathematical models for the prediction of wet residual biomass were presented applying the multiple linear regression technique, based on three variable selection criteria, where the statistical descriptions were analyzed and thus a regression model was selected from the selection step by step backwards to describe the behavior of the experimental data, given that it met most of the acceptance assumptions except for multicollinearity. Specifically, the model provides satisfactory results for this field with a determination coefficient of 62.68 percent, from the equation that involves the use of variables such as crown height, total height, stem diameter, crown diameter. The mathematical model was validated using the Cross-Validation technique, concluding that the data estimated by the model presented a good correlation with the real data.Item Aplicación de modelos matemáticos para la determinación de zonas de producción en el cantón Píllaro para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-03) Tubón Saquinga, Bélgica Janneth; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidAgricultural activity is very important in all sectors of Ecuador because this is one of the main sources of work and food for many inhabitants. However, the absent planning when planting the different products means that sometimes they are grown in excess and therefore are marketed at low prices or on the contrary that they are not grown, and prices are relatively high. The current production system, irrigation water, labor, and the investment that each farmer has for his crops are some of the factors that influence agricultural production. For this reason, the methodology includes the design of a mathematical model to determine the production areas in the canton of Píllaro. For this, the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) program was used, designed mainly to solve problems of nonlinear and linear systems, based on data obtained through surveys of 85 farmers from different areas of the canton. On the other hand, the analysis of three food security indicators was applied to know how this situation is in the canton of Píllaro. The results indicate that current agricultural production guarantees the food security of the inhabitants and the territories to which their products arrive. This is because the products grown are sufficient to ensure the availability and demand of food for consumers.