Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Aplicación de métodos de análisis no convencionales y no invasivos: Uso de lenguas electrónicas voltamétricas como método de detección de alteraciones en productos de la industria alimentaria(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Montesdeoca Cabrera, Evelyn Abigail; Fuentes Pérez, Esteban MauricioThe large food production chains need satisfying the demands of consumers in terms of quality and safety, for this reason, the implementation of new technologies is required in the processes of productivity and quality control. For this reason, the development of unconventional and non-invasive technologies such as voltammetric electronic tongues are an attractive alternative, since they are an analytical sensory system that mimics the perception of human taste (flavor), capable of interacting with volatile compounds and analytes. dispersed in solution, for discrimination of samples of different type, origin, age and quality. The research was based on the methodology of bibliographic review, where keywords were defined for the search and collection of information, in addition, documents from the last 5 years were used with exceptions according to the degree of relevance in the study according to the objectives set. The results determined that voltammetric tongues allow the qualitative or quantitative analysis of food by means of multivariate tools and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry or pulse voltammetry, and are mainly used in the discrimination of honey, milk, wine, coffee, oil, meat , fruit juices and water, helping to detect different adulterations such as the addition of syrups and oils or the presence of antibiotics, insecticides and acids (tartaric, tannic, acetic), which influence the quality of food. Sensors are an attractive and efficient alternative, because fast, accurate and reliable information is obtained.Item Análisis In Silico de toxinas animales con potenciales aplicaciones biotecnológicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Álvarez Robles, María Belén; García Solís, Mario DanielCurrently available drugs have increased life expectancy; resulting in population aging with a greater number of geriatric patients who increase the culture of prescription and self-medication originating resistant viruses and bacteria. In addition, the development of new diseases, such as the recent Covid-19 pandemic, a product of the irresponsible interaction of humans with the environment, causes millions of deaths, especially in the poorest countries without access to palliative medicines. This reality reflects a paradox that brings the health system closer to the brink of collapse. To face the crisis, alternative uses for known drugs are sought or the development of new, more effective and specific drugs for each medical condition. Omissive research has developed new drugs taking advantage of the great potential of peptides with biotechnological activity isolated from toxic biological secretions produced by certain poisonous animals. In this study, the UNIPROT and RCSB PDB databases were used to group peptides with sequence and structural homology with three different biological activities: anticancer, antiepileptic, and antinociceptive. From nucleotide sequencing, a three-dimensional base structure was obtained, with PyMOL, which confers the biological activity for each group. In addition to a phylogenetic analysis with MEGA that shows the evolutionary roots of the groups. The results are expected to encourage future research that uses the base structures of these peptides isolated from animal toxins as a template and takes advantage of their biological activity for the synthesis of new therapeutic drugs.Item Actividad antiviral de aceites esenciales de plantas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Barona Endara, Joselyn Michelle; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneEssential oils are highly volatile aromatic substances that are extracted from plant material from different parts of plants. It has been shown in various bibliographic sources that these compounds can inhibit different types of viruses due to their varied composition of bioactive substances and represents a potential source of active principles for its use in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the availability of summaries with synthesized information on a variety of these is limited, which leads to a general lack of knowledge of their benefits. The objective of this study is to identify the main essential oils that have antiviral activity. With this aim, the research question is the following: ¿Which essential oils exhibit antiviral activity according to the literature reviewed in bibliographic databases? This is answered through an exhaustive investigation of quantitative data of in vitro antiviral activity of 42 types of plants. The data found are classified according to the percentage of inhibition in the categories of high (total inhibition), high, moderate, low, no activity and no activity with enhancement of viral activity. These results indicate varied antiviral activity, of the essential oils investigated, several of them have a total inhibition capacity of certain viruses, while others, despite not eliminating them, have a high antiviral activity and, on the other hand, certain essential oils demonstrate a viral potentiating ability. Taking this into account, it is recommended to use the tabulated data for future research to verify the efficacy of these substances.Item Leguminosas: evaluación de sus compuestos nutricionales y bioactivos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Simbaña Simba, Evelyn Dayana; Vilcacundo Chamorro, Rubén DaríoLegumes belong to the leguminosae family, their seeds are used for both human and animal food; its nutritional quality depends on factors such as the geographical area of the crop, species, production conditions, etc. They are characterized by their high nutritional value, presenting a higher protein content (19-36 percent) in relation to cereals (6-12 percent), they include most of the essential amino acids, being a good source of lysine, but it is limited in amino acids sulfur like methionine and cysteine. As for carbohydrates, up to 60 percent are present, this being the majority constituent with a great contribution of energy and fiber; its lipid content is characterized by being low, highlighting the presence of triglycerides, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid. In relation to micronutrients, they are an excellent source of minerals such as iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. They offer water-soluble vitamins, especially those of group B: thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and folate. In addition, they contain bioactive compounds that, when consumed, have metabolic effects of interest, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytoesroles and bioactive peptides, the same ones that have biological activities (antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and anticholesterolemic) important in the prevention of chronic diseases. not communicable. Despite their nutritional and biological value, in general, they are not recognized and their consumption is often not valued enough, which is why the objective of this bibliographic review was to evaluate the nutritional and bioactive compounds that legumes possess, promoting in this way its consumption.Item Efecto de la aplicación de ozono gaseoso en la conservación postcosecha de la pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Muyulema Infante, Yessenia Nathaly; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneThe yellow pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) is widely accepted in the Ecuadorian and international markets due to its nutritional, nutraceutical and functional properties. However, its short shelf life during post-harvest storage generates important losses for the industry. In this sense, the present bibliographic research aims to synthesize the effect of the application of gaseous ozone on pitahaya as an alternative for postharvest conservation and to determine the effect of ozone on its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties. In view of the results, ozone treatment is an effective alternative against spoilage microorganisms such as mesophilic aerobic bacteria, molds and yeasts; this treatment proved to be effective because it reduced the microbial load present in the pitahaya. The research showed that gaseous ozone acts positively on the physicochemical and sensory quality since the treatment does not present significant changes in these properties.Item Aplicación de sensores electroquímicos como herramienta de apoyo al análisis sensorial de frutas, vegetales y hierbas medicinales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Faconda García, Lissette Salomé; Fuentes Pérez, Esteban MauricioThis project focused on the search for electrochemical sensors that provide support for sensory analysis in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. In this research, a theoretical analysis of the published scientific studies was carried out about the foundation, operation and applications that have been developed according to the innovation of both the nose and the electronic tongue and the work in conjunction with the different types of sensors more used in each device, so that the analyzes of the organoleptic characteristics of this type of food are within the quality standards, which the use of these was based on preliminary studies with information published during the last 6 years, which is found available in the database offered by the Technical University of Ambato (ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct) and also the free access database (Scielo, Google academic). Therefore, the results of the research are represented by graphs and tables describing the sensory support that fruits and vegetables have using these devices and the use of classification methods, as well as the volatile and chemical compounds that are commonly found. in this type of food. In conclusion, the work allowed to know that within the agroindustry it is possible to apply the electronic nose and tongue, allowing to improve the quality of these foods, as well as the improvement of the response in comparison with panels of experts.Item Descripción general de las metodologías de detección y cuantificación de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras clínicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Sailema Ronquillo, Wendy Abigail; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoAt the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus appeared, known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19. This virus spread rapidly and in March 2020 it was declared a pandemic by COVID-19. The most common symptoms of the disease are fever, muscle pain, shortness of breath, cough, loss of smell and taste, headache and diarrhea in 10 percent of infected patients. On the other hand, there are patients who do not present any symptoms, known as asymptomatic patients. Among the critical factors for an adequate response to a viral pandemic, timely detection and isolation of potentially infected individuals are considered first. Thus, the appearance of new variants (alpha, delta, omicron) and the study of the complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 allowed the development of new molecular analysis technologies. The main objective of this research was to investigate the methodologies for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2. For the development of the study, inclusion and exclusion criteria were proposed, such as: books, articles, documents and reports of scientific bases and research carried out at from the year 2019. As a result, approximately 150 documents were obtained that were analyzed for the present investigation. Specifically, the different technologies available, the types of samples and their processing, SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing techniques, as well as the advantages and limitations of current methods were studied.Item Evaluación de las actividades biológicas y los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Jiménez Jumbo, Luis David; Tubón Usca, Irvin RicardoEucalyptus globulus, commonly known as eucalyptus, was introduced in Ecuador in the 1960s, specifically in 1860 in the government of Gabriel García Moreno, being the predominant of the two existing species with 89 percent, which makes it becomes a reference species in the Ecuadorian highlands. This plant has glands that secrete essential oils in its leaves, which produce its characteristic odor and have components that can be differentiated into chemical products of industrial value. On the other hand, this oil has been part of multiple scientific studies such as insect control, antioxidant activity, antifungal agent, among others, in general, this essential oil has aliphatic and terpene compounds that give it great potential for the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work an analysis of the multiple investigations of the bioactive compounds that the plant has and the fundamental role in human health due to their properties and the biological effects due to their sensory attributes was carried out; The study also made it possible to carry out future research on the variety of this plant in the plant kingdom with more than 700 species globally; Therefore, the phytochemistry of essential oils provides us with therapeutic benefits due to the combination of these phytonutrients. The study compared the essential oil of E. globulus (the most common in Ecuador) with that of other eucalyptus species, being the first comparative bibliographic investigation of the different species of this type of plant in the country, a study that related the components of the plant with the medicinal uses attributed to this genus such as disinflammation, disinfection, analgesia, antipiresis among others.Item Control de maduración de aguacate mediante análisis de imagen(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Pasato Guanga, Andrés Leonardo; Fuentes Pérez, Esteban MauricioThe state of maturity of fresh fruits is a fundamental parameter in commercialization or industrial processing. Traditionally, the determination of maturity has been carried out in laboratories, analyzing each fruit according to its nature with a specific methodology and parameters. For the avocado fruit, the firmness or dry matter content is quantified to estimate its maturity, these tests have been adopted for their high reliability and reproducibility. The state of maturity in the fruits is also diagnosed by panels of tasters or expert farmers, leaving room for subjectivity. Agrifood chains have incorporated technology as a support for agriculture 4.0, sustainability and organic production, main pillars of quality and food safety. Non-invasive methods of analysis are technological tools in the food chain that make it possible to reduce errors due to subjectivity and accurately detect parameters not perceptible to the human eye. Image analysis technology allows optical parameters to be quantified and correlated with biological phenomena to automate agricultural processes. This document examines the application of image analysis to control the state of maturity in avocado fruits. Different methodologies used for the prediction of maturity are addressed, mentioning hardware & software, correlation data. The methods developed by researchers differ in their fundamentals, despite this, they maintain high performance values in classification by maturity. The results indicate that, by combining artificial intelligence, peripherals and post-harvest data, the state of maturity can be efficiently predicted by image analysis.Item Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos obtenidos en invernaderos de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Villacis Chiliquinga, Saul Elías; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe development of greenhouse crops has increased in Ecuador in recent years, the main cultivated species are S. lycopersicum L (tomato), Cucumis sativus L (cucumber) and Capsicum anmuum L (pepper), of which it is estimated that the production of organic waste is around 151705.5 tons in the country, for which, the present bibliographic review focused on identifying possible alternatives for the use of agricultural waste as a source of extraction of metabolites and biomass for the production of biocomposites of biotechnological interest. The results of the research show that tomato fruits have a high content of lycopene, which can be extracted from a solid-liquid extraction with a mixture of hexane-ethanol-acetone solvents and by maceration in vegetable oil, methodologies that They allow to extract more than 90 percent of the lycopene from the tomato fruit, in addition, the possibility of using the biomass residues of the three species as a source for the generation of compost enriched with Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria through solid state fermentation was evaluated. (FES), which are widely recognized for their ability to act as a non-phytotoxic insecticide. In conclusion, the research determined that agricultural residues produced in greenhouses can be used as a source of biocomposites of biotechnological interest in the country's food and agricultural industry.