Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.DIGESTIBILIDAD IN VITRO

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    Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de los concentrados proteicos de la pepa de zambo (Cucurbita ficifolia B.) tras la simulación de la digestión gastroduodenal in vitro
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Espín Falconí, María Valeria; Vilcacundo Chamorro, Rubén Darío
    Plant proteins represent a significant source of nutrition in the human diet, especially when obtained from residues, such as the seeds of Cucurbita ficifolia B. (zambo). These seeds, which are not only abundant and accessible but also affordable, still lack extensive research on their bioactive properties. This lack of scientific studies on the potential of the zambo seed motivates the implementation of this project, which responds to the growing global need to ensure food security and sovereignty. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the protein concentrates previously extracted from the club seed, which were preserved at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Subsequently, an in vitro gastroduodenal simulation was carried out at three different pH values (1.2, 3.2 and 3.5), in order to study the effect of these conditions on the release of peptides with antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the degree of hydrolysis of the gastric and intestinal digests of the concentrates was qualitatively evaluated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, with complete hydrolysis observed at the end of the duodenal simulation. The measurement of antioxidant activity, using the ABTS method, showed that the treatment at pH 3.2 presented the highest antioxidant activity, reaching a value of 275.57 plus-minus 2.26 micro mole of Trolox per gram, which significantly exceeds the antioxidant activity. of commonly consumed fruits, such as tree tomatoes and pears.
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    Estudio de la digestibilidad in vitro del aislado proteico de pan liofilizado tipo tapado elaborado con masa madre de distintos tiempos de fermentación
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Chicaiza Pastuña, Mauricio Nicolás; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
    Bread, an ancestral and globally consumed food, has evolved with industrialization, replacing natural yeasts with industrial yeasts and chemical agents. This change has renewed interest in natural fermentation, sought by consumers informed about nutritional quality and its impact on health. Sourdough, an ancient fermentation technique, improves the shelf life, nutritional value, and texture of wheat bread, thanks to cultures of lactic acid bacteria or yeasts. Protein isolates were obtained from freeze-dried tapado bread, made with sourdough of different fermentation times. Protein digestibility was evaluated in vitro through simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. Protein concentrates were determined by isoelectric precipitation and quantified using the Dumas method. Protein quality was assessed with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and the amino acid profile was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The study investigates the in vitro digestibility of protein isolate from freeze-dried tapado bread, evaluating the effect of different sourdough fermentation times. A slight influence of pH on protein yield was observed, while fermentation time significantly affected the amount of protein extract obtained. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed differences in protein profile and the amount of soluble proteins, with complete digestion of proteins occurring on the fifteenth day. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed a significant reduction in amino acids such as glutamic acid, glutenin, among others, and an increase in amino acids such as proline and alanine.
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    Digestibilidad gastrointestinal in vitro y actividad antioxidante de la proteína aislada de una mezcla de harinas precocidas de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) y amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09) Paredes Pérez, Adriana Maritza; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
    Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) are pseudocereals rich in protein and contain all the essential amino acids, considered complete proteins. In Ecuador, the consumption of precooked flours has increased because they offer a quick and easy option for preparing various dishes. Food transformation processes can affect the initial nutritional characteristics of the raw material. In the present investigation, three mixtures of defatted precooked flour and mixtures of defatted raw flour were used as controls. The mixtures were made with a quinoa: amaranth ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. The isolated protein was obtained by isoelectric precipitation at pH 8.0 for solubilization and pHs 4.0 and 5.0 for protein precipitation. Simulated digestibility was performed in gastric and duodenal phase, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used for protein characterization and hydrolysis progress. On the other hand, the presence of antioxidant activity was evaluated by the TBARS method. Finally, we worked with the mixture of 25 percent quinoa flour and 75 percent amaranth flour and pH 4.0, due to its higher yield and protein quantification. In the protein concentrates, the presence of 7S and 11S globulins and 2S albumins was observed. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility, a higher duodenal digestibility of protein from precooked versus raw flours was observed. In addition, the analysis of antioxidant activity established a higher activity in precooked flours compared to raw flours.
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    Evaluación de la digestibilidad del almidón de un suplemento a partir de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) y amaranto (Amaranthus) orientado a dietas saludables
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Casa Oñate, Dania Esthefania; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
    The present investigation evaluated the starch digestibility of a supplement made from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and amaranth (Amaranthus) flour aimed at healthy diets. It runs out of total starch and resistant starch, the latter is not digested and is slowly absorbed, which is why it is considered dietary fiber. In addition, the percentage of hydrolysis and, consequently, the prediction of the glycemic index in supplement samples with additives and without additives were evaluated to assess their effect. The total starch values obtained for the supplement without additives were 29.85 percent and for the supplement with additives, 33.93 percent. The resistant starch (AR) determined was 13.76 percent and 17.28 percent in the supplement without additives and with additives, respectively. Regarding the hydrolysis percentages, values of 33.59 percent will be obtained for the supplement without additives and 88.86 percent for the supplement with additives at 90 min of simulated digestibility. The prediction of the glycemic index (pIG) was 66.18 and 110.56 for the supplement without additives and with additives, respectively, showing low values in the first case. The higher the glycemic index, the faster the starch is broken down into glucose.
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    Evaluación de la digestibilidad in vitro de un suplemento alimenticio dirigido a adolescentes entre 12 a 18 años, a partir de harinas precocidas de pseudocereales andinos: quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) y amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Maestría en Ciencia de los Alimentos, 2023-01) Carrera Borja, Washington Xavier; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana
    An efficacious mixture made from ancestral seeds: quinoa, amaranth, sacha inchi and chia has optimal protein and lipid profile. In addition, it was demonstrated through the analyzes in the RVA the obtaining of a homogeneous matrix with water retention capacity, gel resistance and film formation, which incorporates polyunsaturated fatty acids and precooked flours. By hydrolysis the protein in the supplement, a protein concentrate yield of 72 percent was obtained at a pH of 4.0. In addition, by means of the electrophoresis technique an immunoprotein band with a molecular weight of 30 KDa was identified, highlighting the globulin fraction 11S called chenopodin, known as an emerging allergen resistant to gastroduodenal digestion. Through the digestion process of the starch in the supplement, it was possible to verify the efficacy of the formulated matrix, obtaining 85.39 percent of starch slowly hydrolyzed to maltoses, reaching its maximum digestibility after one hour. When carrying out the characterization of the supplement, we can conclude that it does meet the nutritional requirements for adolescents according to the recommended daily intake recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In addition, the incorporation of essential fatty acids in a microencapsulation to the pulverized precooked flours allows the matrix to be effective due to its bioaccessibility, absorption and subsequent transformation. The supplement obtained from ancestral seeds considered as golden grains has a protein profile suitable for adolescents and a balanced lipid profile. For its sensory acceptability, it was determined that the best treatment chosen for the panelists was the strawberry flavor sweetened with sucralose. The development of the research will strengthen food sovereignty, promoting the production of underdeveloped foods, contributing to the circular economy, reducing water consumption and promoting agricultural activity.