Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación de compuestos bioactivos a partir de microorganismos endófitos para el control de enfermedades por hongos fitopatógenos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Quisnia Aldas, Angeles Monserrath
;
Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The present research addresses the problem of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which are responsible for significant losses in agricultural production and impacts on food security, generating growing interest in the development of sustainable biological strategies. Bioactive compounds produced by endophytic microorganisms isolated from medicinal plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon represent an alternative for the control of agriculturally relevant pathogens. A microbial bank of 104 endophytes was isolated and characterized, including 43 bacteria and 61 fungi. Among these, the isolates BEC-024 (Bacillus subtilis) and BEC-012 (Bacillus velezensis) showed the highest antagonistic potential against Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Fusarium spp., and Phoma spp., with larger inhibition halos and a broad spectrum of action. Metabolic expression under optimized conditions enabled the production of bioactive metabolites with high inhibitory activity, particularly in formula F3, composed of broad bean flour and glucose, which promoted mycelial inhibition against all evaluated pathogens. Subsequently, the compounds were concentrated and microencapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin, obtaining an improved product. These findings demonstrate that the selected endophytes constitute an effective source of bioactive metabolites, whose microencapsulation enhances their stability and antifungal effect. The results suggest the application of these compounds as a biological alternative for the protection of agricultural crops, promoting sustainable, safe, and low-environmental-impact strategies against phytopathogenic fungi, thereby contributing to food security and the development of more responsible agricultural practices.
Obtención de extractos a partir de harina de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) mediante propano-butano subcrítico y soxhlet. Articulado al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante la resolución N° UTA-CONIN-2025-0146-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Mena Guzmán, Francisco Javier
;
Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) is a fruit of great nutritional importance due to its content of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, which are associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, there is growing interest in the search for natural sources of functional compounds and in the development of sustainable extraction technologies that enable the utilization of plant resources with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to obtain extracts derived from peach palm flour using Soxhlet and subcritical propane–butane extraction methods, compare their chemical profiles, and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Extraction yield was determined gravimetrically, the extracts were characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through the inhibition of albumin denaturation. The results showed that the Soxhlet method achieved a higher extraction yield than the subcritical propane–butane method, as well as differences in the chemical profiles of the extracts obtained. On the other hand, subcritical propane–butane extraction exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, reaching DPPH radical inhibition values of up to 77.20%, whereas extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity, with protein denaturation inhibition values of up to 96.00%. It was concluded that peach palm flour represents a promising source of bioactive compounds and that both extraction methods constitute viable alternatives for obtaining value-added functional ingredients.
Optimización del proceso de extracción de compuestos polifenólicos microencapsulados procedentes del canayuyo (Sonchus oleraceus L.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Ganchala Tigmasa Cindy Lisbeth
;
López Hernández Orestes Darío
The present study investigated the extraction, characterization, and microencapsulation of polyphenols derived from Sonchus oleraceus L., a traditionally consumed but underutilized edible plant. A factorial design was applied to evaluate the effects of solute/solvent ratio, extraction time, and ethanol concentration on the recovery of phenolic compounds. Optimal conditions (1 in15 ratio, 90 minutes, and 30 percent ethanol) yielded a high polyphenol content, confirming the relevance of solvent polarity and extraction kinetics. Following extraction, the liquid fraction was microencapsulated using spray-drying with maltodextrin as carrier agent. The resulting powder exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including high solubility (95.84 percent) and low hygroscopicity (7.23 percent). Antioxidant activity was measured in both liquid and encapsulated extracts, showing acceptable retention after thermal processing. These findings support the feasibility of transforming S. oleraceus extracts into functional ingredients through microencapsulation, enabling their incorporation into food and nutraceutical formulations while preserving bioactivity and enhancing shelf-life.
Estudio del perfil de ácidos grasos en sistemas biotecnológicos de Theobroma cacao L. sometidos a diferentes inductores de estrés
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Sánchez Sanaguano Mateo Patricio
;
Lalaelo Córdova Liliana Paulina
The study of fatty acid profiles in biotech systems of Theobroma cacao L. is crucial to understand how stress inducers can enhance the production of valuable metabolites. Cacao, particularly the fine aroma variety is economically significant for Ecuador, but its cultivation faces challenges such as climate change and disease. Biotechnological approaches offer a controlled environment to explore sustainable alternatives to improve lipid biosynthesis, essential for the quality of cocoa-derived products such as chocolate and cosmetics. The research employed in vitro systems to evaluate the effects of stress inducers (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, glycerol and elevated temperature) on cocoa callus cultures. Three culture media (MS, B5 and WPM) were tested to optimize biomass production; the combination of WPM with specific hormones obtained the best results. Fatty acids were extracted and quantified by FTIR spectroscopy, focusing on major components such as oleic, stearic and palmitic acids. Results showed that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid significantly increased biomass and fatty acid production, while elevated temperature induced oxidative stress but also altered lipid profiles. These findings suggest that stress inducers can modulate fatty acid synthesis in cocoa callus cultures, offering possible strategies to enhance metabolite production under controlled conditions. This study lays the foundation for future research aimed at optimizing biotechnological systems for sustainable cocoa production.
Estudio del perfil de ácidos grasos en sistemas biotecnológicos de Theobroma cacao L. sometidos a diferentes inductores de estrés
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Palacios Rosado Andrea Carolina
;
Lalaelo Córdova Liliana Paulina
The study of fatty acid profiles in biotech systems of Theobroma cacao L. is crucial to understand how stress inducers can enhance the production of valuable metabolites. Cacao, particularly the fine aroma variety is economically significant for Ecuador, but its cultivation faces challenges such as climate change and disease. Biotechnological approaches offer a controlled environment to explore sustainable alternatives to improve lipid biosynthesis, essential for the quality of cocoa-derived products such as chocolate and cosmetics. The research employed in vitro systems to evaluate the effects of stress inducers (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, glycerol and elevated temperature) on cocoa callus cultures. Three culture media (MS, B5 and WPM) were tested to optimize biomass production; the combination of WPM with specific hormones obtained the best results. Fatty acids were extracted and quantified by FTIR spectroscopy, focusing on major components such as oleic, stearic and palmitic acids. Results showed that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid significantly increased biomass and fatty acid production, while elevated temperature induced oxidative stress but also altered lipid profiles. These findings suggest that stress inducers can modulate fatty acid synthesis in cocoa callus cultures, offering possible strategies to enhance metabolite production under controlled conditions. This study lays the foundation for future research aimed at optimizing biotechnological systems for sustainable cocoa production.
Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos primarios y secundarios por Scenedesmus sp. nativa del Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Paredes Paredes, Jennifer Katheryn
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
Currently, global problems have arisen, such as the limited availability of food and population growth, causing the depletion of natural resources, emissions of greenhouse gases and nitrous oxide from fertilizers and pesticides, methane production by ruminants, and deforestation. At the same time, the need to feed the growing population has driven the development of techniques to obtain microalgae supplements, since they produce active compounds and metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, vitamins and amino acids. For this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the production of primary and secondary metabolites by the microalga Scenedesmus sp. native to Ecuador, quantifying its capacity to produce proteins, carbohydrates and pigments under different culture conditions. Supplements to the BBM medium with different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 grams per liter) and carbon sources (carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol, sodium acetate) were used. These conditions were combined to obtain 12 treatments. The culture scenario was 21 degrees Celsius, a light-dark cycle of 16 and 8 hours, and constant aeration of 200 milliliters per minute with 0.04 percent volume-volume carbon dioxide. The results showed that the best treatment was the mixotrophic culture with ethylene glycol and high concentration of sodium nitrate, producing the highest amount of proteins, carbohydrates and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). It was also determined that the growth kinetics of Scenedesmus sp. varies according to the concentration of sodium nitrate in the medium.
Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un microencapsulado rico en polifenoles del residuo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) frente a Botrytis cinerea
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Abril Díaz, Viviana Gabriela
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Currently, biotechnology is looking for alternatives to replace commercial fungicides in the control of pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, responsible for approximately 10 percent of annual crop losses. Research on the use of plant residues, whose metabolites fulfill this purpose without causing harm to the environment or humans, have emerged as central areas of study. Such is the case of sugarcane bagasse, rich in polyphenols with antifungal activity, being capable of being used in the future within the fields as a pest control agent. To obtain the extract rich in polyphenols, the organic solvent extraction method was used using ethanol at 30, 50 and 70 percent evaluated at 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a 1:20 plant material:solvent ratio. After this, the Folin test was performed to measure the concentration of total polyphenols, the best treatment being 50 percent at 30 minutes for 63 g per GAE. Next, microencapsulation of the concentrate was carried out at a 20:80 ratio using maltodextrin, using the spray drying technique, and its efficiency was evaluated using FTIR. Finally, the in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated at 10, 30 and 50percent microencapsulation as an antibiogram, obtaining a higher percentage of inhibition at 50 percent microencapsulation than the total average of the 8 days of the trial.
Evaluación del efecto antifúngico del microencapsulado de aceite esencial extraído de Schinnus molle sobre hongos fitopatógenos de interés agrícola
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Montachana Ibarvo, Josafat Alexander
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The molle is a tree of Andean origin that throughout history has been used for medicinal, culinary, textile purposes, among others, also demonstrating strong biological activity in the agricultural area for the control of pests in insects, bacteria, and fungi since it has antimicrobial properties. This is why its essential oil may be important for the development of a fungicide of biological and plant origin, which serves to control several agricultural diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In the present research project, the essential oil of molle was extracted by the steam drag method, obtaining a yield of 2.8 percent, in addition to the conservation of the essential oil, the microencapsulation method by spray drying was used using of a mixture of polymers with maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating agents, in which the microencapsulation performance was qualitatively verified by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, with the Kirby Bauer method, it was verified in vitro that with a concentration of 100 milligrams per milliliters of microencapsulated molle essential oil there is sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp.
Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos secundarios por microorganismos fotosintéticos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Lalaleo Camino, Christian Josué
;
García Solís, Mario Daniel
Global population growth has driven demand for food resources, causing a negative environmental impact through the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming. In response, photosynthetic microorganisms have been highlighted as an alternative source of bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments. This project evaluated the impact of carbon and nitrogen on the growth kinetics, production of proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments of the CLMR1 isolate, as well as its influence on cell morphology. Autotrophic and mixotrophic cultures were carried out, using carbon dioxide with two organic carbon sources (ethylene glycol and sodium acetate) and different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5) grams per liter. The most outstanding results were observed in the culture with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and ethylene glycol, achieving the highest cell concentration (21,000,000 cells per milliliter), maximum amount of carbohydrates (1015.78 micrograms per milliliter) and the highest synthesis of chlorophyll. and carotenoids (0.274 and 0.207 micrograms per milliliter). Additionally, treatment with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and sodium acetate produced the highest protein concentration (2.31 micrograms per milliliter). However, cultures without sodium nitrate showed the lowest synthesis of each metabolite and the minimum biomass production (200,000 cells per milliliter). Morphological changes were evident in the cells, highlighting the importance of optimal culture conditions for the synthesis of metabolites and their application in the sustainable production of high-value biomolecules.
Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de las flores de Spartium junceum
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03)
Solis Mayorga, Erick Xavier
;
Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
In rural areas of developing countries, traditional medicine is used as the only treatment for illnesses, since it is difficult for them to go to a hospital or because they cannot afford to buy the medicines. Traditional medicine has been found to have an endless number of benefits such as antivirals, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of S. junceum flowers. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction and maceration with 96 percent and 70 percent ethanol, the extract by Soxhlet with 70 percent ethanol had the highest yield of 14.01 percent with a standard deviation of 3.64. The qualitative determination of secondary metabolites was developed by phytochemical assays and metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and quinones were identified in different concentrations; and to verify the presence of these, infrared spectrophotometry was also performed. The antioxidant capacity was performed with the DPPH technique, where the Soxhlet extract with 70 percent ethanol obtained the highest antioxidant activity of 76.72 percent with a standard deviation of 0.01. Finally, the extracts were evaluated in the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation, the highest inhibition of 76.55 percent with a standard deviation 0.05 corresponded to the Soxhlet extraction with 96 percent ethanol.

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