Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
349 results
Search Results
Item Parámetros de bienestar animal en ganadería bovina de leche en Iberoamérica(2025-02) Zurita Nuñez Elizabeth Janeth; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioAnimal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America: Systematic reviewAnimal Welfare (AW) is currently considered one of the most relevant criteria of social interest in livestock farms, although it has various legal considerations worldwide, evidencing a large gap between powerful and developing countries, its application has been growing relatively, mostly supported by the guideline of the European WELFARE QUALITY® project. The objective of the study is to generate a synthesis of the animal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America. The methodology is qualitative, documentary design, based on a systematic review. The search criteria used were: publication date less than 5 years for complete evaluations of the 4 principles of animal welfare or the implementation of improvements in any of these, results (verifiable and verifiable, positive and negative) and geographic location (belonging to Latin America). The results show that research carried out at the Ibero-American level reflects an evident improvement in animals after making a positive change in any of the principles managed by WELFARE QUALITY®. It is concluded that, although an increase can be observed in the application of better BA conditions generally managed by high production farms, in Ecuador, there is still a need to include this concept in the rural context since at this social level there is a poor compliance with the basic freedoms of cattle.Item Identificación de parásitos gastrointestinales en palomas domésticas (Columba livia) en tres parques de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Ambato(2025-02) Villacres Barrionuevo Jorge Israel; Borja Caicedo Byron EnriqueThe present investigation was developed with the objective of identifying the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in three urban parks in the city of Ambato: Montalvo, Cevallos and La Merced. For this purpose, coprological analyses were performed on a total of 198 fecal samples, using Sheather flotation and simple sedimentation with 10% formalin. The research was framed within a descriptive and transversal design, with the aim of obtaining a “photograph” of the sanitary status of pigeons in these urban spaces. The results of the investigation revealed the presence of Ascaris spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. with a total prevalence of 36.4% in Parque Montalvo, followed by Cevallos with 33.4% and La Merced with 28.8%. Although the prevalence is not excessively high, the results suggest that the presence of gastrointestinal parasites could be an indication of exposure to sources of contamination in these parks, especially in Montalvo Park, which showed the highest parasite load. These findings are relevant for urban wildlife management, as they indicate the existence of gastrointestinal parasites in Ambato pigeons, which could have implications in terms of public health and urban wildlife management. This study provides valuable information for the design of control and prevention strategies, such as proper park management and public awareness of the possible transmission of zoonotic diseases. In conclusion, although the results indicate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in urban pigeons in Ambato, further research is required to evaluate the impact on public health. These results provide important information for future research and preventive actions in the city.Item Prevalencia de Ehrlichia canis en perros (Canis lupus familiaris) de la comunidad de Kayamas, parroquia Huambi, cantón Sucúa(2025-02) Tsukanka Timias Nidia Jenifer; Mora Tola Miguel AndrésRhipicephalus sanguineus is one of the main vectors of infectious diseases, including Ehrlichia canis, an obligate intracellular bacterium characterized by causing canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a disease that provokes signs such as fever, anorexia, lethargy, lymphadenopathy and, in more severe cases, neurological signs and severe hemorrhages. Rhipicephalus linnaei is the tropical lineage of this same tick that is distributed throughout Latin America. Therefore, the present study sought to determine the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis in the community of Kayamas with a sample of 43 dogs. The results obtained a prevalence of 11.6% of E. canis. No relationship was found between the variables of age and sex and the response variable. The signs with a significant relationship with the presence of E. canis were pale mucous membranes, anorexia and weakness, for which Fisher's exact test was used. The most frequent hematological findings were anemia, thrombocytopenia and low hematocrit, observed in 100% of the positive cases.Item Factores de riesgo durante el ordeño asociado a mastitis subclínica bovina por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (MRSA)(2025-02) Toscano Ponce Jonathan Daniel; Burgos Mayorga Ana RafaelaMastitis is a relevant disease in the livestock sectorItem Identificación de genes de virulencia (ipaH) en Shigella spp aisladas de carne de pollo que se expende en el cantón Ambato(2025-02) Toapaxi Chiquito Elizabeth Fernanda; Cruz Quintana Sandra MargaritaShigella spp. infection is usually contracted by consuming contaminated food, with poor hygiene in handling it being a key risk. Likewise, unsanitary conditions in animal slaughter can be an important source of meat contamination. This study focused on the identification of a virulence gene in Shigella spp. isolated from chicken meat marketed in the Ambato canton. Of the 17 Shigella strains used, they were previously isolated and identified using molecular techniques in previous research and were kept in the Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. In particular, the ipaH gene, a key virulence marker of this bacteria, was investigated. For the detection and analysis of this gene, advanced molecular techniques were used, including the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis. First, pure and diluted Shigella spp DNA, previously extracted from chicken meat samples, was used for subsequent amplification. In the PCR phase, a specific primer designed to amplify the target sequence corresponding to the ipaH gene, with a size of 423 base pairs (bp), was used. In conclusion, the literature review revealed a remarkable diversity of virulence factors, and the presence of the ipaH gene is included in all the references consulted. However, the results obtained in the PCR did not show amplification of the gene, which reflected a 0% prevalence of the ipaH gene in Shigella isolates previously obtained from chicken meat. Finally, according to epidemiological data collected in the last five years, the presence of shigellosis has been recorded in Ecuador. In this regard, it is relevant to note that, both in 2023 and in the research carried out in 2024, the existence of this disease in the province of Tungurahua is not reported, nor is the presence of the related gene in the isolated strains used for the study. However, it is observed that these strains continue to circulate in neighboring provinces.Item Análisis retrospectivo de hembras bovinas sometidas a reproducción asistida por el MAGAP en la parroquia El Triunfo del cantón Pastaza entre los años 2020 y 2023(2025-02) Taipe Guanoluisa Byron Javier; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioThe main objective of this research was to retrospectively analyze the results of bovine females subjected to assisted reproduction by the MAGAP in the El Triunfo parish of the Pastaza canton between the years 2020 and 2023. The methods of artificial insemination at a fixed time (IATF) and by natural heat were evaluated in cattle of different breeds, ages and previous births. Through a statistical and descriptive analysis design, the relationship of factors such as breed, age and previous births was determined. The results obtained a total of 193 cows to which artificial insemination was applied. 25 cows were subjected to insemination with natural heat, representing 13%, and 168 cows were applied IATF, representing 87%. In the Holstein breed, 65 cows were recorded with a percentage of 33.25% for natural heat and 81.88% of IATF, with the Brown Swiss breed the data obtained that in 44 animals 29.25% is natural heat and the IATF 47.5%, for the Jersey breed it is reported of 9 cows with 0% in natural heat and 33.5 in IATF, in the Charolais breed with 32 cows it gave 0% for natural heat and 56.5% for IATF, the Norman breed records 21 cows having 8.25% of natural heat and 40% of IATF, and finally the Mestiza breed with 22 cows had 25% for natural heat and IATF of 53.25%, which demonstrated the effectiveness of IATF in all breeds. Statistically, the Chi square test shows that there is no significant relationship between the variables studied: race, age and previous births.Item Incidencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en los caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) en el Caserio de Teligote(2025-02) Santamaria Pazmay Soraya Monserrath; Borja Caicedo Byron EnriqueThe purpose of the study conducted in the Teligote hamlet was to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in the canine population by means of coprological analysis. Since no information was available on the number of dogs in the area, a survey of the inhabitants was conducted, which allowed the animals to be identified and a total of 142 samples for analysis to be established. The collected feces were processed using the Faust technique with zinc sulfate for parasite identification and the McMaster chamber to quantify the parasite load. The results showed that 81% of the samples analyzed presented parasites, among which the following were identified: Cystoisopora spp, Giarda duodenalis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpi and Ancylostoma caninum, with Cystosisopora spp standing out as the most prevalent, with an incidence of 20% compared to the other species. Statistical analysis was performed with the Infostat program, applying the Chi-square test to identify possible significant relationships between the variables evaluated. The results showed that Cystoisopora spp is associated with age and time of deworming, while Strongylides stercoralis is associated with sex and time of deworming. These associations were considered significant when the p value > 0.05 was not exceeded. The average parasite load was 10274 h.p.g (eggs per gram of feces), 417 q.p.g (cysts per gram of feces) and 2248 o.p.g (oocysts per gram of feces). These results indicate a severe parasitic infestation in the canine population of the farmhouse. However, the parasitic load of Giarda duodenalis was moderate. The species with the most significant loads were Dipylidium canimun (22%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (19%), which reinforces the need to implement control and prevention measures in the area.Item Detección de genes de resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos (blaTEM y blaCTX-M) en Shigella spp. aislada de carne de pollo que se expende en la ciudad de Ambato(2025-02) Rubio Obando Gregory Matheo; Cruz Quintana Sandra MargaritaChicken meat is a widely consumed food that can act as a vehicle for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, the main objective of this research was to determine the presence of the beta-lactam resistance genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M in Shigella spp. strains isolated from chicken meat sold in the city of Ambato. 17 samples of chicken meat were collected from slaughterhouses (9 samples) and informal sales points (8 samples), and phenotypic and molecular identification of the strains was performed. The Shigella species identified were S. sonnei (58.82%), S. flexneri (29.41%) and S. dysenteriae (11.77%). The blaTEM gene was detected in 23.53% of the samples analyzed, while blaCTX-M was present in 88.23%. Both resistant strains were found in S. sonnei and S. dysenteriae, but not in S. flexneri. The highest presence of these genes was found in samples from unregistered sales points, suggesting that inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria. The results obtained partially agree with previous studies carried out in other regions of Ecuador and Latin America, where the S. flexneri species has historically been the most prevalent. However, a change in epidemiology is observed, with a predominance of S. sonnei in the samples analyzed, which could be explained by the capacity of this species to acquire resistance genes more easily. This study highlights the importance of implementing sanitary control and surveillance measures in the chicken meat production and marketing chain, in order to prevent the spread of bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and reduce the associated risks to public health.Item Evaluar las técnicas de resuspencion espermática sobre la calidad post descongelado de semen equino de diferentes razas(2025-02) Proaño Cruz Miguel Eduardo; Aragadvay Yungan Ramon GonzaloThe cryopreservation of equine semen is a key tool in assisted reproduction, as it allows the preservation of genetic material from high-value horses and optimizes artificial insemination programs. However, one of the main challenges of this process is the decrease in sperm viability and functionality post-thaw, due to osmotic, thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stress factors that affect the structural and functional integrity of sperm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sperm resuspension techniques on the post-thaw quality of equine semen in three breeds: Arabian, Colombian Criollo, and Spanish. Three treatments were analyzed: 1. Conventional method without centrifugation (control). 2. Sperm resuspension at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes. 3. Sperm resuspension at 1700 rpm for 10 minutes. Key seminal parameters were evaluated, such as sperm concentration, motility, vigor, morphology, and membrane and acrosome integrity, using specialized laboratory tests. The results indicated that the application of sperm resuspension techniques significantly improved the quality of post-thaw equine semen compared to the conventional method. It was found that sperm subjected to resuspension at 1500 rpm maintained significantly higher motility (above 70%) compared to semen treated with the conventional method, where motility decreased to values below 50%. The 1700 rpm technique also improved sperm motility, although to a lesser extent than the 1500 rpm technique, possibly due to an increase in mechanical stress. Regarding sperm morphology, sperm treated with resuspension showed fewer structural alterations compared to those in the conventional method. In particular, the resuspension at 1500 rpm reduced the incidence of abnormalities in the head and tail of sperm, suggesting less damage from the freezing-thawing process. Membrane integrity analysis through the HOST (Hypoosmotic Swelling Test) revealed that sperm subjected to resuspension showed a better osmotic response, indicating greater functionality of the plasma membrane. In the conventional method, membrane integrity decreased to values near 45%, while in the samples subjected to resuspension at 1500 rpm, it remained above 65%, showing greater cellular protection. On the other hand, acrosomal integrity analysis indicated that resuspension treatments reduced the percentage of sperm with damage to this structure, suggesting a higher fertilizing capacity compared to the conventional method. From a comparative approach between breeds, it was observed that Colombian Criollo and Spanish horses showed a better response to resuspension techniques, with greater preservation of motility and sperm viability post-thaw. In contrast, sperm from Arabian horses were more sensitive to centrifugation changes, showing a slight decrease in motility with the 1700 rpm technique, suggesting that the intensity of the procedure should be adjusted according to breed and semen characteristics. Overall, the findings of this study confirm that the implementation of sperm resuspension techniques optimizes the post-thaw quality of equine semen by reducing the negative effects of the cryopreservation process. This represents a significant advance in improving the efficiency of assisted reproduction programs in the equine industry, increasing the success rates of artificial insemination and the preservation of valuable genetic lines.Item Revisión bibliográfica: Factores que contribuyen a la propagación de resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) en la fauna silvestre(2025-02) Pilco Chicaiza Alex Dario; Burgos Mayorga Ana RafaelaAntimicrobial resistance is a global challenge that impacts public health, wildlife, and natural ecosystems due to the excessive use of antibiotics in agriculture, livestock, and inadequate waste management. This study bibliographically analyzes the spread of AMR in wildlife through the interaction between environmental contamination, contact with resistant bacteria, and captivity conditions, which aims to analyze the interrelationship between environmental contamination, contact and transmission of resistant bacteria between humans, farm animals and wildlife, and conditions in captive environments, to understand how these factors significantly contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in wildlife.The methodology applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, identifying 716 articles from scientific databases, which were narrowed down to 69 relevant documents. Findings indicate that factors such as wastewater, animal manure, and the intensification of aquaculture exert selective pressure, fostering the development of resistant bacteria in wildlife and remote ecosystems. Migratory birds and marine mammals act as global vectors, while animal rehabilitation centers contribute to the dissemination of resistant bacteria under captivity conditions. The genes blaCTX-M, mecA, and mcr-1 were identified as critical in resistance propagation. It is concluded that mitigation requires interdisciplinary approaches, improvements in agricultural practices, stricter regulations on antimicrobial use, monitoring of migratory routes, and education. This comprehensive approach aims to reduce AMR dissemination and safeguard both human health and biodiversity