Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de cera, y atmósferas controladas en la conservación del fruto de fresa (Fragaria vesca)(2024-08) Ramos Tapia, Helen Jamileth; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the type of wax and atmospheres under controlled conditions on the preservation of strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca), at room temperature, in order to determine a treatment that contributes to extend the shelf life of the strawberry, being this one of the fruits with the highest demand in the province of Tungurahua and contributing to the economy of several families. Therefore, the work was carried out with a randomised block experimental design, with a 3x2+2 factorial arrangement and 3 replications; the results showed that the treatments and the control in a sheath with Frutiver wax and vacuum-sealed atmosphere for the variable days on the perch lasted 11 days. For the weight variable, no loss was recorded at 5 and 10 days. In the fruit hardness variable, the control treatment in the sheath was the one that best preserved the hardness of the fruit with an average of 0.49 kg/cm2; in the total soluble solids variable, the control in the tub and the control in the sheath obtained the highest values with an average of 8.93 and 8.50 °Brix, being in an average value in relation to the ranges of Table (3). For the hydrogen potential variable, the control in the sheath obtained the best pH at 5 and 10 days with averages of 3.51 and 3.73 respectively, therefore, it is an optimal value since the strawberry is classified as an acid fruit. Thus, treatment S1D2 presented the highest percentage of healthy fruit, reaching up to 90%. On the other hand, the presence of Rhizopus sp and an adult of Trips was recorded.Item Evaluación de bioestimulantes foliares para incrementar el rendimiento en el cultivo de granadilla (Pasiflora ligularis) en el caserío El Obraje cantón Pelileo(2023-03) Carpio Rugel, Angy Lisbeth; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánPassiflora species are widely distributed in the Americas where they are very important, among which the sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) stands out for its pleasant flavor and nutritional value, which allows to be commercialized in national and international markets. In order to increase crop yields, biostimulants have emerged as a sustainable alternative in recent decades. In the present study, the effect of the application of two foliar biostimulants on the increase in the yield of Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) was evaluated in El Obraje neighborhood, from canton Pelileo. Two types of biostimulants (Crop + Plus and Kelan Complex) were applied at a dose of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 ml/L in sweet granadilla plants at the beginning of flowering stage. The plants treated with Crop + Plus showed the maximum values in the petiole thickness, equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter of the sweet granadilla fruits on the different sampling dates. Likewise, the increase in the application dose of Crop + Plus caused an increase in petiole thickness, equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter reaching values of 5.21; 14.9 and 7.57 mm, respectively, which were higher than the control treatment (4.94; 11.69 and 5.9 mm). An effect of both the type of product and the dose used on the total ratio of sucrose dissolved in the passion fruit juice and on the weight of the fruits was also demonstrated, which varied from 17.6 to 20.9 °Brix while the fruit weight ranged from 74.3 to 120.0 g with doses 1.0 and 2.2 ml/L of Crop + Plus. According to the results, the use of Crop + Plus proves to be a viable option to increase the yield and quality of the sweet granadilla fruit.Item Evaluación de la productividad en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) mediante la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en Santa Rosa-Tungurahua(2023-03) Mazabanda Chicaiza, Erika Lizbeth; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the productivity through the application of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in the Santa Rosa parish, San Pablo Community, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. For this research, the application of four organic fertilizers was carried out: chicken manure, sheep, guinea pig and E-EMAPA biosolids, at a dose of (5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) for each of the treatments. For the analysis of results, a randomized complete block design was used with a 4x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed by means of ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%. According to the field test and the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the highest results were: for the shoots per plant variable, the best treatment was A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 7.56 shoots/plant; for the variable inflorescences per plant, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 21.00 inflorescences/plant; for the fruit per plant variable, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 15.56 fruit/plant; for the variable content of soluble solids, the treatment A1B1 (Manure chicken manure at a dose of (5 t/ha) with an average of 7.24 content of soluble solids (°Brix); for the variable yield per plant, the treatment A4B1 ( Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average yield of 74.86 grams per plant, therefore, a minimum production increase of 20% is evident when applying the E-EMAPA biosolids in the blackberry crop.Item Aislamiento y caracterización del agente causal del manchado de la hoja y necrosis del fruto de Capsicum annuum L. en cinco localidades de la Provincia de Tungurahua y una localidad de la provincia de Chimborazo(2023-03) López Villacis, María Liliana; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáLeaf spotting and fruit necrosis caused by C. fulvum causes chlorotic spots on the upper side of the leaves that turn yellowish as the pathogen progresses and dark spots on the underside that turn olive green, causing partial or total loss of leaves and exposing the fruit to direct sunburn. The fruit shows tan to black lesions that, as the pathogen progresses, form a kind of olive-green velvety mass, causing great economic problems for growers. The objective of this research is to obtain monosporic isolates of the causal agent of leaf spot and fruit necrosis, the characterization of the colonies, the description of morphological characteristics, the inoculation of healthy leaves and fruits, where 106 solutions were made and finally the reisolation from inoculated leaves and fruits. Six monosporic isolates obtained from leaves and six monosporic isolates obtained from fruits were obtained from five localities in the province of Tungurahua (Ambato, Baños, Patate, Pelileo and Mocha) and one locality in the province of Chimborazo (Riobamba), each isolate presenting different characteristics in both leaf and fruit. The morphological characteristics of isolates of C. fulvum showed an average hyphal size of 93.67 µm in isolates obtained from leaves and an average of 99.18 µm in isolates obtained from fruits. The conidiophores with average length of 27.82 µm in isolates from leaves and average of 25.82 µm in isolates from fruits. In conidiophores with average length of 5.11 µm and average width of 3.67 µm in leaf isolates and average length of 5.8 µm and average width of 4.03 µm in fruit isolates. In the inoculation of healthy leaves and fruits, the infection rate was determined in (%) as the first symptoms appear and as the days go by, the leaves and fruits become more contaminated and obtain a higher infection percentage. In the re-isolation, the same colonies of C. fulvum were obtained in leaves and fruits that were harvested at the beginning of the research.Item Efecto de tres fórmulas de fertilización sobre la respuesta morfofisiológica, componente del rendimiento y calidad de frutos de (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)(2023-03) Castro Aldaz, Verónica Margarita; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe blueberry is a crop that is booming in international markets, although in Ecuador its planting is very incipient, the fruit farmers of the Sierra have begun to diversify their production with this fruit and, in the year 2021, the production was of 750 tons in approximately 50 hectares in seven provinces of the country, it is known as "the super fruit of the 21st century." Ecuador has many opportunities to become a destination for agro-export investment in this crop; Due to its geographical position, it allows us to develop competitive fruits, and it has qualified labor. It is for them that the following investigation was carried out with the objective of analyzing the effect of three fertilization formulas on the morphophysiological response, component of the yield and quality of fruits of (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) variety Biloxi in the Montalvo parish. A completely randomized design (DBCA) was used with a 3 x 2 + 3 control factorial arrangement, with three repetitions with the application of fertigation accompanied by Biocat-15, in the blueberry crop, where the variables plant height, stem diameter, yield, days to harvest, polar diameter of the fruit, equatorial diameter of the fruit, number of fruits per plant, classification of fruits, number of stems per plant and water consumption. The addition of Biocat-15 in a dose of 2 cc/l had a potentiating effect, since in the F1 + 2cc of Biocat-15 a better result was obtained both in height and in performance with a value of 68.19cm and 211.13 g respectively, compared to T3 (Absolute control, without fertilizer and without Biocat-15 humic acids), which obtained a value of 62.17 cm and 115.93 gr.Item Evaluación de yodo agrícola como biofortificante en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2022-09) Garcés Montero, Carmen Marisol; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánCrop biofortification is an alternative to improve production and the food chain for humans because food is ingested and mineralized elements come from fruits, vegetables, as well as products from animals. In this way, by increasing the mineral value of iodine from a conventional crop, it is a significant option to solve the deficient intake of iodine that causes disorders such as TDI and thyroid disorders. The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a fruit consumed nationally and produced in the Sierra region, which is why in this investigation the application of 0.5 L in drench and foliar approximately with three different doses of agricultural iodine was evaluated. Three applications were made with intervals of 14 days and the results were obtained after 51 days. The average value of 4,372 inflorescences per plant was significant when applying a dose of 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench, likewise, in foliar application and drench with the same dose, the continuous weight increase of the fruits with values of 1199 and 1095 g respectively. The postharvest of the fruits was evaluated in days, the drench treatments at doses of 2 and 3 cm³/L obtained superior results with an average of 3.33 days. The Brix index was evaluated, but the results showed that agricultural iodine does not produce a change. On the other hand, the content of chlorophyll in the blackberry leaves was significantly positive with a difference of 1,676 µg/g when applying 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench between the treatment and the control. And finally, diseases such as Botrytis and Oidio sp. They commonly affect this crop by reducing its production. When applying agricultural iodine, the lowest percentage of infection was in BotrytisItem Evaluación de la presencia de alcaloides en tres estados fenológicos del fruto de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) injerto en palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca), en Tungurahua(2021-04) Caicedo Álvarez, Carolina Mishell; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe research was carried out in the Soil Laboratories for Public Service and Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. Located at 01 ° 22´ 02 ”South latitude and 78 ° 20” 36 ”West longitude, at an altitude of 2,865 meters above sea level, with the purpose of evaluating the presence of alkaloids in three phenological stages of the tree tomato fruit (Solanum betaceum ) being these mature, green and pintón; graft on bobo stick (Nicotiana glauca). For the evaluation, a factorial design was applied where 2 treatments and two controls were included, with ten repetitions, the PROBIT analysis was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: The highest weight in fruit was obtained by the grafted yellow variety with a ripe state of pintón, which reached 137.62 g, the same that had its highest volume with 134.80 ml, in relation to the hardness of the fruit that reached its highest value It was the grafted purple variety in a state of green maturity with 4.92 kg / cm2. In diameter, the grafted purple variety in a mature state of maturity, which reached 62.28mm. The length of the fruit, its maximum value was given by the purple variety not grafted in a state of green maturity, which reached a value of 77.39 mm. Regarding the pH data, it was obtained that the non-grafted yellow variety in the green maturity stage has a higher pH corresponding to 4.07. The non-grafted purple fruit in ripe state that contains 2.11% titratable acidity. The results in the phytochemical screening carried out on the extracts, ethanolic of the pulp and rind of the samples under study, showed the presence of alkaloids giving positive in most of the samples, while in the test for alkaloids such as nicotine and anabasine that were They were subsequently carried out by means of thin layer chromatography runs gave no positive reaction when developed with Dragendorff's reagent.Item Adaptabilidad de tres híbridos de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) en el cantón Patate(2020-10) Carrillo Jara, Francisco Sebastián; Curay Quispe, SegundoThis research project was carried out to evaluate the adaptability of three watermelon hybrids (Citrullus lanatus). This project was conducted in the canton Patate, province of Tungurahua, located in the Quinlata sector, with an altitude of 2200 meters whose geographical coordinates are: latitude 1-30'57'' S and longitude 78-49'99'' O. For this evaluation a random experiment design was performed (DCA) with 6 repetitions. The variance analysis (ADEVA) was performed with Tukey significance tests at 5% where the following results were established: for the variable germination percentage the averages were for Royalthon 99.3%, followed by Emerald 97.33% and Royal Charleston 95.67%. The variable length of the plant was taken every 15 days. The flowering began obtaining results of 195.0 cm for Esmeralda, Royalthon 185.6 cm and Royal Charleston 157.6 cm after 60 days of the transplantation. Through the flowering days Royal Charleston turned out to be precocious with an average rate of 72.33 days, Royalthon 68.50 days and Esmeralda with an average of 67.17 days proving to be less precocious. In the variable number of flowers, both male and female flowers were counted every 7 days with an average of 5,583 for Esmeralda, 4,250 for Royalthon and 3,583 Royal Charleston which came out to be the lowest in the female flowers. The male flowers are older because they follow a much more complex pattern, Esmeralda with an average of 9,833, followed by Royal Charleston with 9.00 and Royalthon with 8,917. The average number of guides were 3,200 in Esmeralda, 3,067 in Royalthon and 3,033 with the Royal Royal Charleston. As for the fruit variables, the number of fully developed fruits had an average of 2,750 for Royal Charleston, 2,417 for Esmeralda and 2.33 for Royalthon. The fruit weight variable average for each treatment for Royal Charleston weight was 7,817kg, while Esmeralda and Royalthon`s weight was 6,983 kg for both treatments. The polar and equatorial variable diameter of the Royal Charleston was larger with 26.93 cm and 25.50 cm. The Royalthon was smaller with 25.60 cm (ø polar) and Esmeralda at 24.40 cm (ø ecuatorial). The Brix Royal Charleston variable grades reached 12.05 degrees Brix, followed by Esmeraldas 11.95 degrees Brix and 11.87 degrees Brix for Royalthon. Finally, the results obtained places Royalthon with the best results, which were 13960 kg/ha, followed by Royal Charleston with 13750 kg/ha and Esmeralda with 13120 kg/ha. Finally, after performing this research project it narrowed down that the three hybrids managed to adapt to the place where the crop was planted. The Royal Charleston hybrid seed being the earliest to flower in terms of results, the highest is the Royalthon seed, although it does not reach the national average of watermelon production.